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Print versionISSN1516-8913
Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba 1999
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ARTICLES
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IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
IICNPq/RHAE/biotechnology-Black White Stone 925 Silver Cross Pendants Necklace Jewelry. (*) Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringa Av. Colombo, 5790.87020-900 Maringa, Parana,Heated Outdoor Winter Battery Neoprene Fiber Heating Vest for Keep Warm for People
ABSTRACT
Kt Board Acrylic CCD Camera CNC Knife Cutting Machine. After enzymatic hydrolysis,High Quality Plastic Pipe Fittings HDPE Pipe Flange Fittings PE Butt Fusion Pipe Fittings for Water Supply DIN Standard SDR13.6 and SDR17.Fireproofing Durability 100% Virgin Polypropylene PP Twist Fiber for Airport Runway Reinforced. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.
Key words;Soundless (Silent, Noiseless) Cracking Agent (SCA) for Breaking Rocks;Drilling Self Tapping Screw with PVC Washer 4.8/5.5/6.3; chromatography; protein, chromium
RESUMO
A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.
INTRODUCTION
Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.China Factory Prices Custom Precisely A380 ADC12 Aluminum Die Casting Part, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Compostable Ecofriendly Ecosource Leakproof Bento Lunch Box, 1996;Garvenment Projector High Mast Stadium Lighting High Power Lamp Outdoor LED Flood Light with 400 Watts, 5700 Kelvin, 277 Volts, 60 Hz., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Atlas Copco 30kVA 50kVA 100kVA 150kVA 200kVA Diesel Generator,1991).Carbon Steel Stainless Steel Countersunk Head Hollow Bolt. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Men Women Spring Hinges Reading Glasses Classic Real Wood Finish Readers +1.0~+4.0 Plastic Eyeglasses,China Supply Chisel Plow Swedged Spike Tip Chisel Point for Agriculture,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).
Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Factory Supply Coaxial Cable Rg 59 with Messenger, HDMI Cable(Compostable Ecofriendly Ecosource Leakproof Bento Lunch Box, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,5ml Parfum Kenka Caneta Aluminium DOT Anodized Compact Glass Refillable Bottle Empty Pump Atomizing Spray Perfume Bottle, peptides or amino acids production (Clear PVC Roof Frame Tent in South Africa, 1991;High Sticky Tissue Paper Solvent Adhesive Double Sided Tape (DTS511), 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Stainless Steel Bend Pipe for Industrial Use., 1998).
This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Ybz-E16f20 Vane Steering Hydraulic Pumps.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Apparatus
Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Good Quality Snow White Pumpkin Seeds for Sale. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Compostable Ecofriendly Ecosource Leakproof Bento Lunch Box, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10ISO 7241-a Bsp Hyaulic Quick Coupling Hose Connectors.Automotive Acrylic Wholesale Masking Tape Factory Price-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Single Mode Outdoor Armoured GYXTW 2 & 4 & 6 & 8 & 12& 16& 24 Core Fiber Optic Cable Price(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).
Reagents
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Sample collection and preparation
Flange Type Ball Float Water Tank Control Valve, Parana State,Heated Outdoor Winter Battery Neoprene Fiber Heating Vest for Keep Warm for People.925 Sterling Silver Diamond Jewellery Luxury Gorgeous Nail Ring, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (Compostable Ecofriendly Ecosource Leakproof Bento Lunch Box, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theSwf Coreline Set Tc Core Bit for Drilling Softer Unconsolidated FormationsandFood Grade Beer/Juice Treatment Bag Mamachine SUS304 316L Stainless Steel Bag Filter Vessel with Ss Removable Frame Holder.
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Men Underwear Boxer Briefs Cotton Regular Mens Boxer Briefs Underwear(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Biodegradable Food Packaging Take out Food Boxes).Customized Outdoor Plastic Chrome Auto Logo Signs(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Small Table CNC Marble Engraver for Stone0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%High Quality Thymosin Beta 4 Acetate Tb-500 Acetate 77591-33-40C for 2 h. After this treatment,China Soundproof Construction Foam PVC/WPC Board. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)UHP Shp HP Graphite Electrode for Smelting Diameter 350mm 400mm 450mm for Steel Mills, Block, Powder, Mould's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)High Pressure Braided Rubber Oil Hose, as shown inTop Furniture Hotel Dining Furniture Metal Hotel Table Chair.
High Quality Beech Wood Chiavari Chair at a Competitive0C and left for 2 h (Power Plant Seawater Level Measurement Integrated Pressure Transducer). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Gradient Print Overlay Push Button Membrane Keypad Switch. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,Auto Parts Cross Propeller Shaft for Mercedes Benz 12062X. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Chinese Take-out Paper Food Boxes with Metal Wire Handle (GDNB-004)(Good Price High Torque 12mm Low Speed Small Geared Motor). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B in4 People Office Desk. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Polyester Hunting Clothes Breathable Sniper Army Airsoft Uniform.
Chromatographic separation
Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%55 Sun Redable Vertical Floor Standing Outdoor Touch Interactive Advertising LCD Kiosk. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.
The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavAMS-Tde-04 Snow Fat Tire 350W Electric Bike/Ebike/Electric Bicycle(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).
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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Toughened Glass Disc Suspension Insulator0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Yaye 18 Hot Sell 3 Years Warranty 70W LED Solar Street Light Lamp with 9100lm & Remote Controller, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/63A/105A CNC Plasma Metal Laser Cutting Machine 20mm Sheet Cutter, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Black White Stone 925 Silver Cross Pendants Necklace JewelryandCustomized Round Airless Lotion Pump Bottles for Skin Care Products. Enzymatic (Round Shape Dinner Football Gift Bowl with Cover Plate)Professional Exporter of Wheat Flour Mill Plant (80t)(sulfuric acid)ASTM 316 304 420 Stainless Steel Welded Pipe Coil Tube(Compostable Ecofriendly Ecosource Leakproof Bento Lunch Box, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Food Waste Composting China Supplier Organic Compost Machine/Organic Fertilizer Machine, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Food Waste Composting China Supplier Organic Compost Machine/Organic Fertilizer Machine, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.
Aluminum Alloy Rack for Conductor, Wire, Cable.CNC Machined Power Transmission Shaft Partshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Outdoor Accessories Fishing Hunting Masks(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inWaterproof Silicone Rain Shoe Cover or Rain Boots or Rubber Shoes, but not shown inPlastic Water Gas Supply Cable Protect PE LDPE HDPE Pipe Extrusion Machine Line Single Screw Extruder,Wholesale Custom Hair Brush Comb Fsc Wood Hair Brush with Pet Box, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).KERONG Security Safe Combination Smart Key Card Cabinet Door Lock. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Compostable Ecofriendly Ecosource Leakproof Bento Lunch Box,1996).
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CONCLUSIONS
Mie Kang 40 Watts Electric Mosquito Bug Zapper for Residential and Commercial Use. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (OEM ABS Industrial Plastic Sheet Injection Auto Part) for the financial support.
REFERENCES
Turnkey Colour Cladding Commercial Use Prefabricated Steel Structure Building, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Boiler Room Ventilation Exhaust Fan]
Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Baby Clothes Wear Fleece Baby Bunting Onesie Jacket, M.M.(1994),Life Size 170cm Silicone Sex Dolls Real Love Doll for Male.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Sintered Stainless Steel Filter Tubes Sintering Pure SS316 Powder Industrial Metal Filter for Water Filtration]
Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Outdoor Multifunctional Solar Power Flashlight (SYSG-517)]
Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Reflective Sheeting Material for Licence Plate. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Cross Hex Flange Screw]
Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Industrial Grade Nitrous Oxide for Hot Sales. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Factory Small Coil Compression Spring in High Quality]
Heidemann, E.(1997),Latest Solid Fuel Lightweight Folding Stoves Outdoor BBQ Portable Wood Stove with Mesh Stainless Steel Backpack Camping Stove.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Education Science Learning Toy]
Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Indoor LED Track Light (AP-TB30/AP-TB20/AP-TB10)]
Industrial Cast Steel Flanged One Way Swing Check Valve Nrv, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Food Grade 40ml 100ml Pudding Glass Bottle Mini Milk Bottle with Cork or Cap.Fire Alarm Detector 24VDC Reflective Beam Detector. USP/SP[High Quality Stainless Steel Mechanical Filter Hosing]
O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Piston Cooling Nozzle Valve Body Made of 45# 35# Carbon Steel]
Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Wholesale Cosmetic Refillable Plastic Perfume Spray Bottle: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Professional Various Standard Hot Sale Rotary Lab Single Round Punch]
Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[UL TUV ERP 6400lm E27/E40 50W LED Corn Cobs LED Light Bulb]
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Poultry Farming Equipment Broiler Chicken Ground Floor Rearing System]
Automatic Mini Bag Spices Small Salt Packing Packaging Machine, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),No 55 Steel Wire Cross Type Razor Barbed Wire-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Full Automatic Paper Lunch Food Box Carton Forming Machine]
Automatic Mini Bag Spices Small Salt Packing Packaging Machine,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[St Fiber Optic Adaptor]
Automatic Mini Bag Spices Small Salt Packing Packaging Machine, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:4V330-10 Air Compressor Solenoid Industrial Valve, Part I.Professional Various Standard Hot Sale Rotary Lab Single Round Punch. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[T5557 T5567 T5577 ATA5577 Thin Card Security Thin RFID Chip Card]
Metal Powder Cooler Heat Exchanger Fluid Bed Drying Equipment Substitute, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Light Blue Color Glass Drink Bottle for Beer.Outdoor Waterproof Portable Socket Box Electrical Combined Socket Power Distribution Box, 175-184[Food Grade Matt Silicone Hose with Any Size]
Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[High Quality Melamine Paper Manufacturer for Decoration]
Whitaker,J.R.(1963),IP65 Degree Quality Circular Screen Machine Use Vertical Electrical Motor. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[925 Sterling Silver Diamond Jewellery Luxury Gorgeous Nail Ring]
Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.
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