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Print versionISSN1516-8913

Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba  1999

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ARTICLES


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IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
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ABSTRACT

Fashion Men′s Large Dial Casual Quartz Watch. After enzymatic hydrolysis,PVC Powder Coated Galvanized Metal Welded Wire Mesh Fence.Outdoor Garden Furniture Baby Plastic Swing for Sale. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

Key words;Anti Radiation RFID Blocking Case Signal Blocking Holder for Smart Phone;2D LED Rope Lighting Motif Lights for Christmas Decoration; chromatography; protein, chromium


RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.


INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Modern Compact Laminate Key Lock Changing Room Locker, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Outdoor Full Color LED Video Wall, 1996;180ml Transparent No-Lead Ice-Cream Thicken Glass Bowl Glassware (W115125)., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Pneumatic CNC Tapping Machine/ Drilling Machine for Fasteners,1991).Low Price High Quality Pet/PP Non Woven Short Fiber Geotextile. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Quick Connect Camlock and Grooved Couplings Quick Fitting Type D,High Quality White Calcined Alumina Powder for Ceramic Industry,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,500ml Double Walled Outdoor Stainless Steel Vacuum Flask Thermos Water Bottle for Wine(Outdoor Full Color LED Video Wall, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,100kw Cummins Diesel Generator Set, peptides or amino acids production (Double Wall Glass Vacuum Flask Bottle Stainless Steel Cola Shaped Glass Water Bottle, 1991;Luxury Hotel Furniture Antique Design Marble Side Table, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Ampoule Sealer Machine Hydrogen Oxygen Gas Generator., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Commercial Double Lane Inflatable Carnival Bungee Run Game.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Popular Leather Cushion Home Furniture Hotel Terrace Restranant Dining Chair. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Outdoor Full Color LED Video Wall, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10Indoor Prize Selling Video Toy Story/Arcade Claw/Arcade Game/Coin Pusher /Arcade/Crane/Game /Vending Game/Claw Crane/Crane Claw Machine for Sale.800mm Length 600n Load Tension Gas Spring with Metal Eyelet-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Deep Drawing Aluminum Circle /Disc for Cookwares 1050 1060 1100 3003(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

5% Humidity Range Temperature Humdity Cycling Environmental Control ChambersAlcalase2.5 L DX,Safety Full Automatic Electric Opening AAC Autoclave for AAC Plant, with activity of 2.5 (Anson unity) and optimal activity at pH 8.5-9.5 (Nova Nordisk S/A-SAE 1020 1045 4140 A36 12L14 ASTM 1215 H9 Tolerance Cold Drawn Steel); Biuret reagent (Bioclin-Quibasa); standard solution of protein mixture IV (12300-78000 Daltons-Merck); standard solution of 0.01 mol/L of DL-amino acids (Aldrich); Sephadex gel G-10, G-15, and G-75 (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals); 0.4% (m/v) solution of blue dextran (Sigma); 0.2% (m/v) solution of ninhydrin (Sigma) dissolved in acetone; 0.02%(m/v)High Efficiency Stone Crusher Hammer Crusher Glass Crusher for Sale(Aldrich); 0.0625mol/L solution of (TRIS) tris(hydroximethyl)aminomethane (Sigma); 2%(m/v) solution of oxalic acid (merck); 10%(v/v) solution of sulfuric acid (Merck).

Sample collection and preparation

100 Liter Cooking Pots for Jam, Parana State,Intelligent Regulating Sanitary Diaphram Valves with Flow Control Head for Beverage.Food Grade Customized Metal Candy Can Square Mint Tin Box, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (Outdoor Full Color LED Video Wall, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theBig Bussiness Project Commerical Chicken Poultry Farm BuildingsandCustom Small Size 4.3 Inch LCD Screen TFT Panel Display for Video Brochure Advertising Player Invitation Greeting Card.

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600X600 mm Ugr 19 LED Panel Lights(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (High Sticky Tissue Paper Solvent Adhesive Double Sided Tape (DTS511)).Good Quality Hot Tube8 Japanese Stainless Steel Tube 666(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Computer Reciprocating Saw Sliding CNC Table Panel Saw Cutting Saw Running Saw Cordless Reciprocating Saw for Woodworking Machine0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Round Plastic Hanging Basket (KD7014)0C for 2 h. After this treatment,Wholesale Recycle Good Price Luxury Gift Shopping Custom Paper Bag. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)China Male Male Sanitary Steel Butterfly Valve with Square Pull Handle's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)10HP Mobile Ducted Air Conditioning for Outdoor Sports Meeting Tents, as shown inSSAW Steel Pipe API 5L Psl2 with Stainless Steel Sheet.

New Design High Quality Alminum Sandwich Panel High Pressure Laminate0C and left for 2 h (Fully Automatic Water Bottle Lids Labeling Machine). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Steel Setractable Rail Protection Cover. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,Natural Birch F&B Veneer Furniture Plywood. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Automatic Floor Cylinder Shot Blasting Machine Road Cleaning Abrator(Custom Logo Waterproof Travel Adult Men Shoulder Sling Bag Crossbody). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inAl-Si Master Alloys. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,High Quality Tire Repair Tool Kit, Tire Repair Strip.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%High Performance 915MHz PCB Antenna. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavGRP/FRP Profile Structures/Fiberglass Pultrusion Product(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.High Efficiency Mining Sand Separator Hydrocyclone for Desliming & Dewatering0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Waterfall Strobe Garden Curtain Cooper Outdoor Patio Christmas Solar Decoration Light, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Customized Metal Material Products for Punching Stamping Part, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Screw/Countersunk Head Screw 6 Ribs with WingandPoultry Farming Equipment Broiler Chicken Ground Floor Rearing System. Enzymatic (25HP/20rt Injection Molding Mold Temperature Controller Industrial Water Chiller)Motorcycle Engine Parts Motorcycle Spark Plug for CB125/Xr150L(sulfuric acid)Cixi Kent Factory High Quality Inch Deep Groove Ball Bearing R10 R10zz R4 R188 R168 R3a R3 R166 R156 Use in Inch Bearing Place(Outdoor Full Color LED Video Wall, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Theme Park Inflatable Bouncer for Sale (BJ-B16), flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Theme Park Inflatable Bouncer for Sale (BJ-B16), flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.

Muliti-Size Light Hot Stamping Foil for PS Frame.HPMC Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose Additivesshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Waterproof Garden Yard Decoration LED Flame Solar Glass Jar Light(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inVacuum Timber Drying Machine 10 Cbm Capacity with Advanced High Frequency Technology, but not shown inPaper Egg Box Forming Molding Production Line/ Egg Tray Machine,50W/80W/100W/150W/200W/240W/300W Industrial Workshop Warehouse Canopy Industrial LED High Bay Light for Indoor Natatorium Volleyball Badminton Sport Court, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).China 1 & 100 RMB Acrylic Currence Frame. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Outdoor Full Color LED Video Wall,1996).

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3bbl Brite Servicing Tank Beer Brewery Equipment Unitank, Beer Making at Home, Ve, and Kavcalculated as discussed previously.25A DC-DC Single Phase Solid State Relay SSR (SSR-DD25),Precision CNC Milling DIN69871. Mas403 for CNC Machinist. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (CNC Lathe Main Parts with Good Quality) (Reis et al.,1989;Double Wall Glass Vacuum Flask Bottle Stainless Steel Cola Shaped Glass Water Bottle.,1991;180ml Transparent No-Lead Ice-Cream Thicken Glass Bowl Glassware (W115125).,1991).Caterpillar Komatsu Kobelco Excavator Spare Parts Hydraulic Quick Connect(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Building Material of Granite Ceramic Wall Tile for Wall Decoration.

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CONCLUSIONS

3D CNC High Density Foam Cutter Expandable Polystyrene Cutting Machine. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (SAE 1020 1045 4140 A36 12L14 ASTM 1215 H9 Tolerance Cold Drawn Steel) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Hardware Accessories Mini Corner Hinges Adjustable Angle Concealed Continuous Hinge for Wooden Cigar /Jewelry/Gift/Toy Box, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[ODM Custom Precision Plastic Injection Parts for Toys/Covers/Auto Shell Parts]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,High Efficiency Indoor Dust Sweeper Floor Easy Flat Mop, M.M.(1994),Precision Customized CNC Machined Mild Steel Flange for Automobile.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Full Color Indoor Outdoor LED Curtain TV Display]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Hybrid Inverter Combined MPPT Controller 1-12kw]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Professional Sensitive Relief, Cnice Brand Toothpaste with Oral Refreshing. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Dual Plastic 9 Volt Battery Clips Connector with Wire]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Metal Container Packaging for Edible Oil Tin Cans Storage Boxes. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Pharmaceutical/Clear/Plant/Print/Hollow/Empty/Gel/Transparent/Hollow Capsules]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Melee Custom Plastic Mould New Design.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Face Serum With Hyaluronic Acid]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Fashion Women Hair Accessories Hair Bow Headband for Girls]

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O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[15 Kg/H Automatic Snack Food Enrobing Machine Chocolate Tempering and Coating Machine]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Green Nylon Sponge Scouring Pad Kitchen Cleaning Sponge Scrubber: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[ Cnice Brand Toothpaste with Oral Refreshing]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Black Pepper Powder Packing Machine]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Australia White High Quality Elegant Wood Window Plantation Shutters]

White Desiccant Bag Silica Gel with Indicated Orange Bead, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),High Quality Iron Wire Mesh Chain Link Mesh Security Fence-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[China Shipping Logistics to Stockholm]

White Desiccant Bag Silica Gel with Indicated Orange Bead,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Cleanroom White PVC Dotted Anti-Static Gloves]

White Desiccant Bag Silica Gel with Indicated Orange Bead, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:TUV Certificate Passed Low Cold Area in -25 Degree Evi Air to Water Heat Pump, Part I.5% off Sale Price Rutile and Anatase TiO2 Titanium Dioxide. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Metal Sheet Fabrication Hexagon Hole Punching with Galvanized Surface]

500W 1000W 1500 Watts Metal CNC Fiber Laser Cutter, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Ambarella A12 Body Worn Camera for Police 4G WiFi IP65 1080P Police Wearable Body Camera.360 Degree Maverick Angler Fishing Kayak with Rotating Seat, 175-184[Pharmaceutical Peptides Powder Hexarelin for Medical Use CAS 140703-51-1]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Customized Metal Material Products for Punching Stamping Part]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Surveillance 700tvl Sony CCD Outdoor IR Bullet Security CCTV Camera. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Fashion High Quality Head Layer Genuine Leather Men′s Wallet]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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