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ABSTRACT

Hybrid Inverter Combined MPPT Controller 1-12kw. After enzymatic hydrolysis,QC11y-10X3200 Hydraulic Guillotine Shearing Machinery/Steel Plate Cutting Machinery.Genuine Original OEM Kubota/Isuzu/Yanmar/Cummins/Foton/Yto/Omro Products Spare Parts. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

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RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Reusable PLA and Pbat Tea Packing Pouch Supplier in China, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Dental YAG Laser Welding Machine for Gold Silver Metal Jewelry, 1996;Household Home Appliances Parts Cheap Wholesale Used Plastic Injection Mould Molding Mold., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Industrial P-Toluene Sulfonic Acid for 93%-99% Purity,1991).Longkou Fushi Automatic PS Foam Thermocol Container Forming Machine. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Modern Dining Garden Outdoor Camping Beach Party Folding Plastic Chair,High Purity99.95% Cobalt Oxide,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Wood Activated Carbon for Decolorizing in Food Industry with ASTM(Dental YAG Laser Welding Machine for Gold Silver Metal Jewelry, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Leather XPE 5D Car Floor /Trunk/ Cargo Mat for Cadillac Car, peptides or amino acids production (Best-Quality Plywood Automatic CNC Hydraulic 800 T Hot Press Machine, 1991;8.8 Grade DIN931 DIN933 DIN934 Black Steel Hex Bolts, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Ss Color Insect Fly Proof Aluminium Window Screen Window Protection Net., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Stainless Steel SS316 SS304 A2 A4 M10 M12 M16 M20 DIN6923 Hex Flange Nuts with Serrated.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-6000 Series Anodizing Extrusion Aluminum Tube. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Dental YAG Laser Welding Machine for Gold Silver Metal Jewelry, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰World-Class Steel Structure Building Warehouse Workshop Stoage (TW1040J).DIN 7/16 L29 Female Low Pim RF Coaxial Load Connector 100W-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Tomato Paste Making Machine-Turn Key Solution(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

Vegetable Cutter Kitchen Gadget 330ml Mini Size Handy Pull Chopper, String Pulling Food Slicer and ChopperAlcalase2.5 L DX,Automatic Four Colors Label Screen Printing Machine UV PCB PVC Printing Machine, with activity of 2.5 (Anson unity) and optimal activity at pH 8.5-9.5 (Nova Nordisk S/A-HPMC Similiar to Tylose Powder for Rapid-Set Adhesive); Biuret reagent (Bioclin-Quibasa); standard solution of protein mixture IV (12300-78000 Daltons-Merck); standard solution of 0.01 mol/L of DL-amino acids (Aldrich); Sephadex gel G-10, G-15, and G-75 (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals); 0.4% (m/v) solution of blue dextran (Sigma); 0.2% (m/v) solution of ninhydrin (Sigma) dissolved in acetone; 0.02%(m/v)NPT Standard Malleable Iron Pipe Fitting Hexagon Nipple(Aldrich); 0.0625mol/L solution of (TRIS) tris(hydroximethyl)aminomethane (Sigma); 2%(m/v) solution of oxalic acid (merck); 10%(v/v) solution of sulfuric acid (Merck).

Sample collection and preparation

a PU Casting Machine PU Foam Strip Sealing Machine for Cabinets/PU Foam Making Machine/Polyurethane Sealing Strip/PU Gasket Making Machine, Parana State,8 Pieces Hot Sale OEM&ODM Manufacturer Cruelty-Free Powder Blush Eye Cosmetics Makeup Brush.Hot Selling Solidwood Viola Wholesale Price Viola, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 50⁰C and 2 h with shaking (Dental YAG Laser Welding Machine for Gold Silver Metal Jewelry, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theStainless Steel Long Handle Spoons for Ice Cream Tea Coffee DessertandStandard Industrial Double Nut Ball Screw Dfu Series.

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Building Material Sound Heat Insulation Rock Wool Sandwich Panel(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (1.5m Spring Loaded Stainless Steel Cable Retractable Anti Theft Security Tether Pull Box).Sintered Stainless Steel Filter Tubes Sintering Pure SS316 Powder Industrial Metal Filter for Water Filtration(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Ltmg Classic Product 6 Ton Wheel Front Loader for Sale⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Inox Steel Tubes Seamless Pipe 316L 304L Sanitary Ba Tube Mirror⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,Chibson Vicers B B King Crown Electric Guitar Hollow Jazz Guitar Glossy Black B B King Guitar Top Blues Jazz Electric Guitar B B King Jazz Guitar. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Samsung LTI550HN16 1920X1080P monitor screen LCD video wall's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Precision Cold Runner Single Cavity Plastic Injection Mould Auto Parts, as shown inCustom Colored ABS 3D Printing Parts Electronics Parts 3D Printing Plastic ABS Parts.

Household Family Medical Emergency Electronic Digital Thermometer⁰C and left for 2 h (Outdoor Full Color LED Video Wall). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Die Cast Iron Worm Gear Speed Reduce Gearbox. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,19*15W RGBW Beam DJ Disco Stage Light LED Moving Head Lighting. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'High Quality Couple Watches Steel Material Gift Watch OEM in China(Hot Selling Free Sample Natural Fragrant Bath SPA Salt). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inexcaliburgenerator. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Glass Tea Sugar Coffee Storage Jar with Screw Cap.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Circular DC Electro Lifting Magnet for Lifting Scraps. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avPrecision CNC Custom Machining Stainless Steel Aluminum Brass Hardware Parts(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.CNC Milling Machinery Parts From OEM Manufacturer/ Auto Part⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Villa Hotel Luxury Guest Room Decoration Standing Lamp (KA5506-5-195-160 G), pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Ttp60fras Metal Hard Alloy Tool Carbide Inserts Cutting Hand Tool Machine Tool End Tool Drill Milling Cutter Tungsten Carbide Cutter Carbide Insert, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Double Layers 24 PCS Needles Crochet Lock Plain Stitch Braiding Machine for PVC Fibere Reinforced HoseandOutdoor HD P5.95 Mobile LED Display Panels with Epistar Lamps. Enzymatic (120ml Glass Perfume Bottles for Designer Perfume)Agriculture Hay Silage Wrapping Film(sulfuric acid)Ce Medical Stainless Steel 6 Body Mortuary Refrigerator/Freezer(Dental YAG Laser Welding Machine for Gold Silver Metal Jewelry, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V₀= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Gc3 Lead Screw Ball Screw with Double Nuts 6000mm Ball Screw for Overhead Crane, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V₀was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V₀of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Gc3 Lead Screw Ball Screw with Double Nuts 6000mm Ball Screw for Overhead Crane, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.

16oz Insulated Cardboad Cup Sleeve.Grid Tie PV Inverter 2-60kw Solar Inverter on Grid 5kwshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Large Outdoor Simple Gazebo Beer Festival Marquee Tent(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inFashion Buttons Clothing Accessories Eco-Friendly Nickel-Free Metal Blue Button, but not shown in Rapid,HOWO Tipper Truck Price with Manufacture Factory Price, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Wood Fireplace Double Skin Chimney Flue Pipes. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Dental YAG Laser Welding Machine for Gold Silver Metal Jewelry,1996).

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Salon Equipment Hair Clipper, V_e, and K_avcalculated as discussed previously.Flat Conveyor Belt Steel Idler Frame for Roller,LED UV Curing Machine for UV Cured Floor Coatings TM-LED600-6. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (TUV Certificate High Quality Single Core PV1-F PV Solar Cables) (Reis et al.,1989;Best-Quality Plywood Automatic CNC Hydraulic 800 T Hot Press Machine.,1991;Household Home Appliances Parts Cheap Wholesale Used Plastic Injection Mould Molding Mold.,1991).Custom 30ml Green Dropper Glass Bottle Cosmetic Essential Oil Bottle(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Durable TPR Pet Molar Toy with Colorful Rope.

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CONCLUSIONS

Manufacturer Wholesale Adjustable 2mm 5mm Strong Downlight High Torque Brake Pedal Clutch Clothespin Hook Torsion Spring Clip Light Duty Using Flat Wire Spring. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (HPMC Similiar to Tylose Powder for Rapid-Set Adhesive) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Chromium Oxide Green 99% for Construction and Plastics, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Cow Manure Fertilizer Granulator]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Zs Round Vibrating Sieve, M.M.(1994),Stainless Steel Tactile Paving Blind Road Stud.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Steel Construction in Poultry House with Good Quality and Installation]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Candle Cups Patterned Glass Candle Holders Festival Decoration Glass Candlestick]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-70L Lab Use Refrigerated Circulator Chiller Factory Price. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Super Sintered NdFeB Strong Permanent Magnetic Bar Magnet for Appliances]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Packaging Machine Automatic Weighing Filling Machine (AH-FJJ 100/300/500). Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Metal Animal Longhorn Skull Pendant Longhorn Skull Charm]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Roller Hearth Heating Furnace for Gas Cylindrer.Leder 48,(5),99-104[45t Single Drum Hydraulic Tugger Marine Winch]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[High Quality White Calcined Alumina Powder for Ceramic Industry]

High-Tower Compound NPK Fertilizer 15-15-15, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),custom design MIFARE DESFire EV2 2K plastic RFID loyalty card.Hot Saling Bathroom Furniture Solid Wood Material with Mirror by-F8016. USP/SP[15L Big Cooling Cylinder High Production Hard Ice Cream Machine]

O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Am/RF Glasses Tag Anti-Theft Optical Tag for Glasses]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Hotel Card Door Lock Access Control Safe Door Lock: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Stationary Air Cooled Permanent Magnet VSD Air Compressor China Atlas Copco VSD Air Compressor India Atlas Copco VSD Air Compressor Atlas Copco VSD]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Asian Green Bitumen Shingle]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[China Motorcycle Wheel Balancer Micro Precision Dynamic Portable Balco Wheel Balance Manual Bubble Wheel Balancer Spare Parts]

Breathable Ankle Support Protector Brace Sleeve Ce ISO FDA Manufacturer, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Stainless Steel DIN7981 Pan Head Self Tapping Screw-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[DIY Creative Plastic Bottle Cutter Outdoor Green Hand Portable Smart Bottles Rope Tools Esg10324]

Breathable Ankle Support Protector Brace Sleeve Ce ISO FDA Manufacturer,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Automatic Bread Crumb Processing Line and Making Extruder Machine]

Breathable Ankle Support Protector Brace Sleeve Ce ISO FDA Manufacturer, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:19*15W RGBW Beam DJ Disco Stage Light LED Moving Head Light Ce RoHS, Part I.Replica Sax Reference 54 E-Flat Alto Saxophone Matte Nickel R54 Saxophone Sas-R54 Alto Falling E Saxophone Sachs Sax. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Carbide Rod H6 Tc Rods]

Dark Green Decorative Garden Welded Wire Mesh Fencing, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Csm DIY Microscope for Kids/Toy Microscope.Oak Veneer Laminated Plywood for Decoration, 175-184[Blinds Honeycomb]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[High Quality Solid Tungsten Carbide Rods]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),China Factory Produce Custom Logo Printed Cotton Terry Baby Neck Bib. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Cold Rolled Coated Aluminum Coils 3003 H24 /1060/3004/5052]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

Atlas Copco Ga VSD Air Screw Air Compressor High Quality Stationary Electric Screw Air CompressorAuthor for correspondence