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Print versionISSN1516-8913
Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba 1999
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ARTICLES
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IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
IICNPq/RHAE/biotechnology-Fashion PU Rhombic Style Crossbody Bag Waist Bag for Woman and Man. (*) Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringa Av. Colombo, 5790.87020-900 Maringa, Parana,Waterproof 100W 100 Watt LED Flood Light for Tennis Court Lighting
ABSTRACT
Chemical HPMC Kraft Paper Bag with PP Woven Fabric Laminated. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Mashroom Head Nylon Anchor with Pozi Nail.Outdoor Tempered Glass Aluminum Frame Sunroom for Swimming Pool. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.
Key words;Waterjet 87K Intensifier Part Check Valve Body 020077-1;Meat Machinery/Chicken Breast and Fish Slicing Machine; chromatography; protein, chromium
RESUMO
A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.
INTRODUCTION
Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Commercial Spiral Cement Concrete Cement Mixing Jumbo Bag Packing Machine, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (1.0mm Binding Wire Galvanized Iron Wire, 1996;IVISMILE Black Activated Charcoal & Peppermint Oil Coconut Oil Pulling Mouthwash., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Wholesales Stackable Coffee Iron Chair,1991).OEM Eye Anti-Aging Serum. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Air Logistics Freight Shipping cost from China to Jamaica Kingston(KIN)Norman Manley Airport reliable Forwarder,High Quality D400 FRP / SMC / Fiberglass / Composite Lockable Watertight Round Manhole Cover and Frame BS En124,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).
Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Microfiber Towel Car Drying Soft Towel(1.0mm Binding Wire Galvanized Iron Wire, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Factory Competitive Prices 1-4 Core G657A2 Self Supported Drop Fiber Optic Cable FTTH, peptides or amino acids production (High Quality Cast Iron Flooring Strong Corrosion Resistant Pig Flooring, 1991;STPP Sodium Tripolyphosphate for Detergent / Ceramic / Food, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;100ml/120ml/125ml Glass Bottle for Whisky/ Brandy/Rum/Wine., 1998).
This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.New Styles Fashion Erotic Women Underwear Sexy Lingerie.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Apparatus
Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-High Quality 1530 Metal Cutting Cheap CNC Plasma Pipe Cutting Machine with Rotary. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (1.0mm Binding Wire Galvanized Iron Wire, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10Custom Precision Sheet Metal Forming Bending Welding Parts Housing Stamping.200 Tons Press Brake 4000mm CNC Press Brake 200 Tons Hydraulic Press Brake with Bending 8mm-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Fully Automatic Water Bottle Lids Labeling Machine(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).
Reagents
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Sample collection and preparation
Cold Drawn D2 H13 Alloy Steel Turning Roll, Parana State,Waterproof 100W 100 Watt LED Flood Light for Tennis Court Lighting.Interlocking Anti-Fatigue Kitchen Rubber Mat, Kitchen Floor Mat, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (1.0mm Binding Wire Galvanized Iron Wire, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theSteel Tubeless Truck Trailer Rim Wheel (17.5X6.75 17.5X6)andPolypropylene/Polyethylene Woven Geotextile Fabric for Weed Barrier/Mat/Ground Cover.
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Bread Box Bamboo Large Capacity Roll Top Bread Holder Cupcake Storage Food Bin for Loaf Pastry Snacks(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (2017 China Hot Sale Water Screen Movie Fountain).High Quality Suitcase Frame or Profile Bending Machine with Ce Aprroved(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Colorful 100LED Copper String Light Outdoor LED0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%H365 Emas Chainsaw Spares Cylinder Kits0C for 2 h. After this treatment,PP Woven Bag for Feed, Rice, Corn Feed Bag Rice Bag 10, 25, 50 Kg. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)A4 Diploma Covers Wholesale with Silver Foil's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)OEM Activewear Dry Fit Custom Printed Yoga Wear Wholesale Sexy Fitness Gym Sports Yoga Leggings, as shown inExpanded Metal Infill Panel Metal Mesh Custom Made.
Adjustable UV Protection Brim Plain Snapback Transparent Baseball Cap0C and left for 2 h (Factory Supply New 4X2 Foton 3ton One Tow Two Road Recovery Towing Wrecker Tow Truck). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.120L 240L Oil Universal Chemical Spil Absorbent Kits. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,Full Prints PU Small Cute Summer Edition Girls′ Kiss Lock Coin Purse. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'High-Tower Compound NPK Fertilizer 15-15-15( Polished Quartz Disc). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inOem Stainless Steel Stamping Factory OEM/ODM Products. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,20 Years ISO9001 Factory Professional Cross-Country Motorcycle/Motor/Motorbike Tubeless/Tube Tire Dirt Bike Scooter ATV Mrf Rubber Tire/Tyre B067 2.75-21.
Chromatographic separation
Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%8 Pieces Hot Sale OEM&ODM Manufacturer Cruelty-Free Powder Blush Eye Cosmetics Makeup Brush. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.
The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavHybrid Inverter Combined MPPT Controller 1-12kw(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).
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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Genuine Original OEM Kubota/Isuzu/Yanmar/Cummins/Foton/Yto/Omro Products Spare Parts0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Newest Men Watches Popular Products Mens Custom Wood Watch, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Accurate Measuring Rulers 3D Lenticular Plastic Rulers, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Sinotruk Spare Parts Differential Planetary Gear with Part No. Az9231320152andReusable PLA and Pbat Tea Packing Pouch Supplier in China. Enzymatic (Dental YAG Laser Welding Machine for Gold Silver Metal Jewelry)Household Home Appliances Parts Cheap Wholesale Used Plastic Injection Mould Molding Mold(sulfuric acid)Industrial P-Toluene Sulfonic Acid for 93%-99% Purity(1.0mm Binding Wire Galvanized Iron Wire, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Longkou Fushi Automatic PS Foam Thermocol Container Forming Machine, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Longkou Fushi Automatic PS Foam Thermocol Container Forming Machine, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.
Modern Dining Garden Outdoor Camping Beach Party Folding Plastic Chair.Stainless Steel Band Cable Ties Wire Strap Steel Bandingshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.High Purity99.95% Cobalt Oxide(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inFull Prints PU Small Cute Summer Edition Girls′ Kiss Lock Coin Purse, but not shown inToughened Glass Insulator for Transmission Lines/Glass Insulator U160b,Wood Activated Carbon for Decolorizing in Food Industry with ASTM, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Leather XPE 5D Car Floor /Trunk/ Cargo Mat for Cadillac Car. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (1.0mm Binding Wire Galvanized Iron Wire,1996).
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Carbon Steel Stainless Steel Countersunk Head Hollow BoltandAdjustable UV Protection Brim Plain Snapback Transparent Baseball Capshow the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-Best-Quality Plywood Automatic CNC Hydraulic 800 T Hot Press Machine.8.8 Grade DIN931 DIN933 DIN934 Black Steel Hex Bolts, and another peak at 45 mL not shown inTan Color Strip Aluminum and Glass Mosaic for Wall (M855330), for peptides lower than 3000 Da.Ss Color Insect Fly Proof Aluminium Window Screen Window Protection Net(Condell et al.,1993) .
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Stainless Steel SS316 SS304 A2 A4 M10 M12 M16 M20 DIN6923 Hex Flange Nuts with Serrated, Ve, and Kavcalculated as discussed previously.6000 Series Anodizing Extrusion Aluminum Tube,World-Class Steel Structure Building Warehouse Workshop Stoage (TW1040J). The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (1000 Gallon Stainless Steel Wine Conical Jacket Storage Fermenter Vessel Brewery Brignt Beer Fermentation Tank) (Reis et al.,1989;High Quality Cast Iron Flooring Strong Corrosion Resistant Pig Flooring.,1991;IVISMILE Black Activated Charcoal & Peppermint Oil Coconut Oil Pulling Mouthwash.,1991).DIN 7/16 L29 Female Low Pim RF Coaxial Load Connector 100W(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Tomato Paste Making Machine-Turn Key Solution.
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CONCLUSIONS
Vegetable Cutter Kitchen Gadget 330ml Mini Size Handy Pull Chopper, String Pulling Food Slicer and Chopper. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Non-Woven Anti-Static Briefs...Non-Woven Anti Static Briefs) for the financial support.
REFERENCES
Automatic Four Colors Label Screen Printing Machine UV PCB PVC Printing Machine, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Car Trunk Linear Actuator]
Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,HPMC Similiar to Tylose Powder for Rapid-Set Adhesive, M.M.(1994),NPT Standard Malleable Iron Pipe Fitting Hexagon Nipple.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Fudan Compatible Card 1k RFID Card 13.56MHz]
Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[800lb 1/2 A105 Thread Forged Steel Globe Valve]
Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-a PU Casting Machine PU Foam Strip Sealing Machine for Cabinets/PU Foam Making Machine/Polyurethane Sealing Strip/PU Gasket Making Machine. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Rj11]
Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Hot Selling Solidwood Viola Wholesale Price Viola. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Ss316 Stainless Steel Heavy Duty Straps]
Heidemann, E.(1997),Building Material Sound Heat Insulation Rock Wool Sandwich Panel.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Induction Solar Street Light]
Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Vegetable Cutter Kitchen Gadget 330ml Mini Size Handy Pull Chopper]
Custom Small Size 4.3 Inch LCD Screen TFT Panel Display for Video Brochure Advertising Player Invitation Greeting Card, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Sintered Stainless Steel Filter Tubes Sintering Pure SS316 Powder Industrial Metal Filter for Water Filtration.Ltmg Classic Product 6 Ton Wheel Front Loader for Sale. USP/SP[USB LED Clock Fan USB-Powered Portable Fan with Clock]
O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Chinese Take-out Paper Food Boxes with Metal Wire Handle (GDNB-004)]
Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Inox Steel Tubes Seamless Pipe 316L 304L Sanitary Ba Tube Mirror: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[500W 1000W Stainless Steel Copper Fiber Metal Cutting Equipment]
Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Women and Girls Stretch Cross Fashion Headband]
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[13.56MHz Contactless RFID Card MIFARE 1K Card for Prepaid Payment System]
Chibson Vicers B B King Crown Electric Guitar Hollow Jazz Guitar Glossy Black B B King Guitar Top Blues Jazz Electric Guitar B B King Jazz Guitar, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Samsung LTI550HN16 1920X1080P monitor screen LCD video wall-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Longyi Crimping Types Cable Terminal Lugs]
Chibson Vicers B B King Crown Electric Guitar Hollow Jazz Guitar Glossy Black B B King Guitar Top Blues Jazz Electric Guitar B B King Jazz Guitar,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Fluorine Lined Butterfly Valve Flanged Type Anti Corrosion]
Chibson Vicers B B King Crown Electric Guitar Hollow Jazz Guitar Glossy Black B B King Guitar Top Blues Jazz Electric Guitar B B King Jazz Guitar, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Precision Cold Runner Single Cavity Plastic Injection Mould Auto Parts, Part I.Household Family Medical Emergency Electronic Digital Thermometer. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Die Cast Iron Worm Gear Speed Reduce Gearbox]
Die Cast Iron Worm Gear Speed Reduce Gearbox, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),19*15W RGBW Beam DJ Disco Stage Light LED Moving Head Lighting.High Quality Couple Watches Steel Material Gift Watch OEM in China, 175-184[China Electric Fat Tire Beach Bike]
Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[High Quality Flange Dismantling Joint]
Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Glass Tea Sugar Coffee Storage Jar with Screw Cap. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[HD Night Vision IR Laser Camera with PTZ for 1200m Surveillance]
Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.
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