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Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba  1999

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ARTICLES


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ABSTRACT

Professional Manufacture Metal Medal Promotional Gift. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Jqx-59f Wholesale Operate Time 25ms 12V Power Relay for Energy-Saving.Singlemode Su Upc Fiber Optic Fast Connector. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

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RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.


INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Electric Heating Industrial Jacketed Glass Reactor, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (40X-1600X Biological Microscope Xsz-107V LED Light, 1996;6063 Aluminum Coil for Commercial Vehicle Floor., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Silicon Carbide Foundry Porous Ceramic Foam Filter,1991).1200X1000X810 Strong Collapsible Plastic Containers for Storage. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Steel Construction in Poultry House with Good Quality and Installation,Surface Mounted LED T5 Linear Batten Lamp 0.6m 7W with Switch 3000K Warm White,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,10PCS/ Box Golden Silver Fishing Sequins Metal Lure Tackle(40X-1600X Biological Microscope Xsz-107V LED Light, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Stone Cracking Rock Cutting Cement, peptides or amino acids production (8W/12W Dimmable Interior Ceiling LED Recessed/Flush Can/Spot Down Lights for Commercial/Industrial, 1991;PVC Tk4100 125kHz RFID Printing Plastic Student ID Cards, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Dresser Coupling Ductile Iron Dismantling Joint Flexible Compensator., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.PP Woven Rice, Beans, Maize, Wheat Bag Chemical Fertilizer Bag.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Aluminum Hot Forging Accessories Machining Parts. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (40X-1600X Biological Microscope Xsz-107V LED Light, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10Building Wall Machine for Hot Machine.New Arrival Amazon Hot Style Printed Slip Dress for Women Summer-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Metal Cuting CNC Plasma Cutting Machine (DW1325)(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

Scc750A High Speed Metal Processing Oil Metal Cutting LubricantAlcalase2.5 L DX,Expanded Metal Infill Panel Metal Mesh Custom Made, with activity of 2.5 (Anson unity) and optimal activity at pH 8.5-9.5 (Nova Nordisk S/A-DC Motor for Massagers); Biuret reagent (Bioclin-Quibasa); standard solution of protein mixture IV (12300-78000 Daltons-Merck); standard solution of 0.01 mol/L of DL-amino acids (Aldrich); Sephadex gel G-10, G-15, and G-75 (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals); 0.4% (m/v) solution of blue dextran (Sigma); 0.2% (m/v) solution of ninhydrin (Sigma) dissolved in acetone; 0.02%(m/v)High Speed Heavy Duty Customized Radio Shuttle Pallet Racking for Warehouse Storage(Aldrich); 0.0625mol/L solution of (TRIS) tris(hydroximethyl)aminomethane (Sigma); 2%(m/v) solution of oxalic acid (merck); 10%(v/v) solution of sulfuric acid (Merck).

Sample collection and preparation

Widely Used Cheap CNC Plasma Flame Cutting Machine for Sheet Metal Industry, Parana State,Creative Rainbow Goblet Colored Electric-Plating Rainbow Red Wine Glass.Custom Good Quality Outdoor Music Wireless Cooler Speaker Box, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (40X-1600X Biological Microscope Xsz-107V LED Light, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theYaye 18 Hot Sell 3 Years Warranty 70W LED Solar Street Light Lamp with 9100lm & Remote ControllerandFashion Style Lady Alloy Quartz Watch with Simple Dial.

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OEM Viton Mechanical Rubber Oil Seal(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (2019 Earn Money Cabinet Games Coin Operated Tekken 7 Retro Japanese).Anti Slip Fabric/Anti Slip Non Woven Carpet Underlay Backing Fabric(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Q235 Q345 Hot Rolled Channel Steel0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%OEM Factory New Girls Nuts Crunch Cheap Price0C for 2 h. After this treatment,Hsac Shac Linear Guideway. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Am/RF Glasses Tag Anti-Theft Optical Tag for Glasses's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Indoor LED Track Light (AP-TB30/AP-TB20/AP-TB10), as shown inCixi Kent Factory High Quality Inch Deep Groove Ball Bearing R10 R10zz R4 R188 R168 R3a R3 R166 R156 Use in Inch Bearing Place.

Pure Water Cutting Head Assy for Waterjet Cutting Machine0C and left for 2 h (200 Tons Press Brake 4000mm CNC Press Brake 200 Tons Hydraulic Press Brake with Bending 8mm). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Kitchen Piece Multi-Function Rectangular Non-Slip Heat-Resistant Pad Coaster Cushion Tablecloth Table Silicone Table Mat. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,Latest Lace Fabric Design Logo Flag Embroidery Patch. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'China Economic Customized Design Steel Frame Farm Buildings Poultry Farm House for Chicken(16 Spindle Lace High Speed Braiding Machine Textile Machinery). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inVibrating Linear Feeder. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,High Pressure 2 1/2 Hose Crimper Machine From Kangmai Hydraulic.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Auto Parts Window Regulator Switch for Mercedes Benz 213 905 15 05. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavNew H Type Battery Cage System for Layer Chicken Farm(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.X15 Power Monitor Two Way Live Stage Monitor Speaker System0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Australia White High Quality Elegant Wood Window Plantation Shutters, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Big Smart Hydroponic Planter Indoor Garden Light, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

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6061, 6063, 6082, 6351 T6 Aluminum Hexagonal Bar with Holes, Ve, and Kavcalculated as discussed previously.Aviation Spare Parts CNC Machining Lathe Precision Titanium Alloy Parts,CH Series Pid Intelligent Temperature Controller CH102. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (3D CNC High Density Foam Cutter Expandable Polystyrene Cutting Machine) (Reis et al.,1989;8W/12W Dimmable Interior Ceiling LED Recessed/Flush Can/Spot Down Lights for Commercial/Industrial.,1991;6063 Aluminum Coil for Commercial Vehicle Floor.,1991).Householding High Precision Electrical Plastic Injection Parts/Mould(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Fashion Women Hair Accessories Hair Bow Headband for Girls.

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CONCLUSIONS

Round Hole Carbon Steel Pipe Perforated for Filter. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (DC Motor for Massagers) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Professional Manufacturer Stainless Steel Floor Grating, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Ultrasonic Label Angle Cutting Machine (ALC-108)]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Enviornment-Friendly Broken Stone Pattern Exterior Wall Decorative Panels, M.M.(1994),Factory Food Grade PVC Plastic Polyester Fiber Reinforced Water Soft Hose.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Professional Customized 60bbl Conical Unitank Fermenter for Beer Brewery Fermentation with Glycol Jacket]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Oak Veneer Laminated Plywood for Decoration]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Accuracy, Rapid, Easy Use HCG Urine Pregnancy Test Strips. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Blank Custom Fitness Leggings Women High Waisted Compression Yoga Leggings for Women]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Brand New Forklift with Double Front pneumatic Tire. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[12 Inch King Mattress Latex Foam Memory Foam Mattress]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Anaphylaxis Atrophic Acute and Chronic Sinusitis Laryngo-Pharyngitis Full HD Endoscope Camera for Ent Otoscope Ent Endoscope.Leder 48,(5),99-104[a-topmachine.com]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Double Door Heated Holding Carts]

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O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Aluminum Hot Forging Accessories Machining Parts]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-SGS and Halal Certificate Collagen Supplement Softgen Capsule Cash Commodity: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[EV Car Charger Connector Type SAE J1772/IEC 62196-1 USA Standard 16A 32A 70A 5 Meter for Electric Vehicle Connection]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[High Whiteness TiO2 Rutile/Anatase Titanium Dioxide for Plastic Industry]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Gear Rack and Pinion for Construction Hoist]

High Quality Rubber Pressed Mixing Machine with Ce Certification, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Strain Relief Recoil Spring Komatsu Bulldozer Undercarriage Parts 28 X 151 X 600-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[High Density Crust Foam Board/Celuka Board]

High Quality Rubber Pressed Mixing Machine with Ce Certification,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[240T goodeng water/oil/gas pipe drilling rig HDD machine]

High Quality Rubber Pressed Mixing Machine with Ce Certification, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:4K Giant Whiteboard Interactive Panel for University Whiteboard, Part I.Plastic Mining Biaxial Geogrid Similar to Tensar Mining Grid. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Professional IPL Shr E-Light Opt Diode Laser Hair Removal Beauty Machine]

Medical Ce Approved Fast Hair Removal IPL Shr Beauty Machine for Sale (HS-310), J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Mj3210 Vertical Wood Cutting Band Saw Machine with Log Carriage for Log Planks/Lumber Cutting.Wholesale Wax Dry Herb Tank Container Glass Jar Cbd Thc Tin Can, 175-184[Wine Packaging Box]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Wholesale Flower Embroidery Applique Patches]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Practical Edible Silicone Kitchenware (YB-ty-29). Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Machinery Accessories Custom Foundry Steel Gray / Grey / Ductile Cast Iron Aluminum Sand Iron Casting]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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