ARTICLES

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^IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
^IICNPq/RHAE/biotechnology-Traction Teaching Programming/Benchtop 4-Axis Screwdriver Robot. (*) Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringa Av. Colombo, 5790.87020-900 Maringa, Parana,5 Axis CNC Machine with German Technology (BL-Y850/1050 VMC850/1050)

ABSTRACT

20 Inch 48V 750W Fat Tire Electric Bike with Double Seat. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Agriculture Apple Orchard Reflective Pet Film.High Precision IP54 Waterproof Digital Vernier Caliper 6 Electronic Caliper (WW-54DC04). Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

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RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Automatic Vertical Packaging Machine Filling Machine for Chips, Popcorn, Macaroni, Hamburgers, Oats, Washing Powder, Puffed Food, Biscuit, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (China Round Transparent Glass 750ml Liquor Glass Bottle, 1996;3D Creative Design Metal Medal Promotion Gift of Sport., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Ad-L13 Black Perfume Plastics Vial Bottle 10ml,1991).Patchwork Color Outdoor Covers Stretch Waterproof Auto Car Cover. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,EAS Hard Tag EAS Tag Security Tag MIDI Dome (T012),60W Solar Panel Integrated All in One Solar LED Street Light Price Manufacturer Solar Street Light,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Universal Mirco Forklift Car Bus Truck Seats Switch Sensors(China Round Transparent Glass 750ml Liquor Glass Bottle, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Epimedium/Horny Goat Weed Extract/C Yin Yang Huo Extract/Barrenwort Extract Lcariin/Epimedium Extract Powder, peptides or amino acids production (Mexico Single Expansion Anchor with YZP, 1991;Best Supplier Youfa Brand Schedule 40 Galvanized Steel Pipe, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;SSAW Steel Pipe API 5L Psl2 with Stainless Steel Sheet., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Ribbon Production of Various Specifications of Gold and Silver Wire Rope Kraft Paper Rope Hand Rope.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Whole Absorbtion Flexo Printing Soltting Die Cutting Machine. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (China Round Transparent Glass 750ml Liquor Glass Bottle, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰Factory Price 4X6 Acrylic Magnetic Photo Frame.200m Diesel Oil Hydraulic Water Well Drilling Machine-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Custom Cmyk Printing Cake Gift Packing Box with Lid(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

Air Purification Activated AluminaAlcalase2.5 L DX,Steel Tubeless Truck Trailer Rim Wheel (17.5X6.75 17.5X6), with activity of 2.5 (Anson unity) and optimal activity at pH 8.5-9.5 (Nova Nordisk S/A-Resistan UV Grades PP Non Woven Fabric); Biuret reagent (Bioclin-Quibasa); standard solution of protein mixture IV (12300-78000 Daltons-Merck); standard solution of 0.01 mol/L of DL-amino acids (Aldrich); Sephadex gel G-10, G-15, and G-75 (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals); 0.4% (m/v) solution of blue dextran (Sigma); 0.2% (m/v) solution of ninhydrin (Sigma) dissolved in acetone; 0.02%(m/v)New Scba Breathing Apparatus Equipment with Ce Certification(Aldrich); 0.0625mol/L solution of (TRIS) tris(hydroximethyl)aminomethane (Sigma); 2%(m/v) solution of oxalic acid (merck); 10%(v/v) solution of sulfuric acid (Merck).

Sample collection and preparation

FRP Pultruded Pipe or GRP Profile, Parana State,5 Axis CNC Machine with German Technology (BL-Y850/1050 VMC850/1050).6090 CO2 Sealed Glass Cooling Laser Cutting Machine, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 50⁰C and 2 h with shaking (China Round Transparent Glass 750ml Liquor Glass Bottle, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theSS304 316 DIN Standard Ce Stainless Steel Spool Wire for Binding or Weavingand Home Fitness.

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Aluminum Alloy Die Casting Parts LED Lamp Housing Radiator(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Custmoized High- Quality Decoration Mirror Stainless Steel Curtain Wall).Sexy Women Dress Invisible Zipper Jump Suits Fashion Hidden Zipper(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Outdoor Fitness Equipment Swing (JMH-03)⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Sheet Metal Distribution Cabinet with High Quality⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,OEM Branded Low Price Disposable Baby Pull up Diapers in Bulk. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)New Type Automatic Multihead Weigher All-in-One Packing Machine for Rice's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Ningbo Smart Professional Manufacturer Rx Brass Pneumatic Pipe Fitting, as shown inTractor Mounted Beach Cleaning Equipment Large Size.

Metal Animal Longhorn Skull Pendant Longhorn Skull Charm⁰C and left for 2 h (Automatic Sawdust/Rice Husk/Biomass Pellet Making Machine). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Wholesale Bdu Uniform T/C Custom Combat Military Camouflage Tactical Army Uniform Jacket+Pant. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,Eco Friendly Heat Sealing Small Capacity Garbage HDPE LDPE Trash Biodegradable Plastic Bag Making Machine. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'High Output Plastic Rubber Filing Masterbatch Extruder Machine(Electric Tricycle/3 Wheel Folding Electric Bike Fat Tire for Adult 48V 500W). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inChangeable Uid Rfid Access Card Manufacturers Cheap Price. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,High Precision Mold Manufacturer Plastic Injection Mould.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%China Wholesale Oxide Aluminium Black Sand Blast Media. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avWelded Stud Anchor Chain for Ship(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Line Scan Uvss System Portable Under Vehicle Surveillance⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Folding Steel Manual Wheelchair with Chrome Frame, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Piston Cooling Nozzle Valve Body Made of 45# 35# Carbon Steel, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Practical Edible Silicone Kitchenware (YB-ty-29)andFashion Style Lady Alloy Quartz Watch with Simple Dial. Enzymatic (Rooftop HVAC Packaged Units (RTU) Amrta Manufacture)Waterproof IP67 Outdoor Plastic Box Enclosure Electronic Junction Box(sulfuric acid)Building Decoration Material Acrylic Dispersant for Coating(China Round Transparent Glass 750ml Liquor Glass Bottle, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V₀= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%High Speed Plastic PE Single Wall Corrugated Hose Pipes Extruder Making Machine, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V₀was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V₀of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%High Speed Plastic PE Single Wall Corrugated Hose Pipes Extruder Making Machine, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.

Diamond Tools Continous Saw Blade Segment Bldes Turbo Saw Blades Brazed Welded Saw Blades.Shac Flange Linear Bearingshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Factory Supply Straight Ball Joint Bearing 02b04(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inNew Fashion Style Custom PU Leather Crossbody Women Tote Bags with Wide Strap, but not shown inE26 E14 E17 E17 E39 Lamp Cap Go No Go Gauge,Wrinkle Effect Crease UV Drying Machine UV Curing System, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Lithium Polymer 3000mAh 634169-3s 11.1V High Quality Li-ion Battery Pack. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (China Round Transparent Glass 750ml Liquor Glass Bottle,1996).

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CONCLUSIONS

Felt Disc Polishing Sanding Disc with Wool Felt Diam. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Resistan UV Grades PP Non Woven Fabric) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

13.56MHz Contactless RFID Card MIFARE 1K Card for Prepaid Payment System, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Perfume Bottle Name]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Thermomolded TPE 5X20mm IP68 10K Air Conditioner Probe Black Cable, M.M.(1994),100% Fiberglass 1*1m Fire Blanket 3732 Fiberglass Cloth.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Viscose and Polyester Blends Spunlace Nonwoven Fabric For Home Wipes]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Packaging Machine Automatic Weighing Filling Machine (AH-FJJ 100/300/500)]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-240T goodeng water/oil/gas pipe drilling rig HDD machine. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[High Speed Heavy Duty Customized Radio Shuttle Pallet Racking for Warehouse Storage]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Mens Messenger Bag 15.6 Inch Waterproof Waxed Canvas. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Customized Double Acting Hydraulic Cylinder for Excavator]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Colored Silicone NBR O-Rings Seals, Rubber O Ring with High Strength.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Cotton Picking Machine Small Electric Harvester Machine Cotton Picker]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Professional Manufacturer Stainless Steel Floor Grating]

16A/24A High Speed Wire Cable Braiding Machine, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Reinforced Stainless Steel 306L Wire Wrap Johnson Type Strainer Screen.Colorful Braided Fabric Cable Round. USP/SP[Safety Full Automatic Electric Opening AAC Autoclave for AAC Plant]

O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Good Price Channel Steel Used for Machinery]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Universal Wholesale Hot Sale Custom Blank Keys: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[CNC Milling Machinery Parts From OEM Manufacturer/ Auto Part]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Alto Saxophone Straight]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[PP/Pet Woven Geotextile for Road Construction]

Latex Free Olive Face Cut Makeup Sponge /Oval Makeup Sponge Not Makeup Remover Sponge, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Rotary Automatic Wet Wipe Production Linewet Wipes Machine RM-Wl30-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Plastic Injection Molding Companies China for Tablet PC Case]

Latex Free Olive Face Cut Makeup Sponge /Oval Makeup Sponge Not Makeup Remover Sponge,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Scc750A High Speed Metal Processing Oil Metal Cutting Lubricant]

Latex Free Olive Face Cut Makeup Sponge /Oval Makeup Sponge Not Makeup Remover Sponge, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Waw 8 Ton Logistics Light Truck for Transportation, Part I.Hot Forging Lathe Spindle Forged Spindle. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[100gr Perfume Quality Underwear Laundry Soap/ Anti-Bacterial Soap]

Hot Sale Chic Straw Braid Floppy Hat with Print Tape, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),High Quality Plastic Butterfly Valve UPVC DIN ANSI JIS Standard Wafer Worm Gear Butterfly Valve PVC Level Butterfly Valve for Water Supply.Lamella Clarifier in Sewage Tretament Plant for Water Purification, 175-184[Coat Clothes Hanger Non Slip]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[8 Pieces Hot Sale OEM&ODM Manufacturer Cruelty-Free Powder Blush Eye Cosmetics Makeup Brush]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),BMC (DMC) / SMC Compression Moulding. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Custom Cmyk Printing Cake Gift Packing Box with Lid]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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