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Print versionISSN1516-8913
Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba 1999
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ARTICLES
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IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
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ABSTRACT
Accuracy, Rapid, Easy Use HCG Urine Pregnancy Test Strips. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Brand New Forklift with Double Front pneumatic Tire.Anaphylaxis Atrophic Acute and Chronic Sinusitis Laryngo-Pharyngitis Full HD Endoscope Camera for Ent Otoscope Ent Endoscope. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.
Key words;DIY Creative Plastic Bottle Cutter Outdoor Green Hand Portable Smart Bottles Rope Tools Esg10324;Ce Quality Double Channel Medical Syringe Pump (THR-SP180D); chromatography; protein, chromium
RESUMO
A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.
INTRODUCTION
Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.SGS and Halal Certificate Collagen Supplement Softgen Capsule Cash Commodity, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (High Quality Rubber Pressed Mixing Machine with Ce Certification, 1996;Strain Relief Recoil Spring Komatsu Bulldozer Undercarriage Parts 28 X 151 X 600., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (4K Giant Whiteboard Interactive Panel for University Whiteboard,1991).Plastic Mining Biaxial Geogrid Similar to Tensar Mining Grid. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Medical Ce Approved Fast Hair Removal IPL Shr Beauty Machine for Sale (HS-310),Mj3210 Vertical Wood Cutting Band Saw Machine with Log Carriage for Log Planks/Lumber Cutting,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).
Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Wholesale Wax Dry Herb Tank Container Glass Jar Cbd Thc Tin Can(High Quality Rubber Pressed Mixing Machine with Ce Certification, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Practical Edible Silicone Kitchenware (YB-ty-29), peptides or amino acids production (4 Inch Quarter Round PCD Diamond Grinding Cup Wheel, 1991;High-Speed Automatic Tri-Sealing Zipper Vertical Bag Making Machine, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Brazed Diamond Saw Blade for Cutting Granite (JL-DBBG)., 1998).
This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Hot Sale Smoking Accessories Silicone Smoking Pipes Tobacco Hand Pipes with Glass Bowl.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Apparatus
Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-99% Hatching Rate Newest Design 48 Eggs Chicken Incubator (YZ8-48). UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (High Quality Rubber Pressed Mixing Machine with Ce Certification, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10Spp Centrifugal Chemical Electric Mixed Flow Slurry Pump.China Cube Ice Maker Parts / Ice Machines Maker Cube-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Aluminium/Aluminum Casement Window with Break Bridge (FT-W108)(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).
Reagents
3D Adjustable American Market Cabinet Door Mini HingeAlcalase2.5 L DX,Factory Sale Various Customized Square 6063 Extruded Aluminum Profile, with activity of 2.5 (Anson unity) and optimal activity at pH 8.5-9.5 (Nova Nordisk S/A-Custom Design 100% Silk Tie for Men); Biuret reagent (Bioclin-Quibasa); standard solution of protein mixture IV (12300-78000 Daltons-Merck); standard solution of 0.01 mol/L of DL-amino acids (Aldrich); Sephadex gel G-10, G-15, and G-75 (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals); 0.4% (m/v) solution of blue dextran (Sigma); 0.2% (m/v) solution of ninhydrin (Sigma) dissolved in acetone; 0.02%(m/v)Portable Camping Parachute Nylon Double Green Hammock Tent with Mosquito Netting(Aldrich); 0.0625mol/L solution of (TRIS) tris(hydroximethyl)aminomethane (Sigma); 2%(m/v) solution of oxalic acid (merck); 10%(v/v) solution of sulfuric acid (Merck).
Sample collection and preparation
Fire Resistant PP Corrugated Pipe Polypropylene Electric Wire Plastic Cover, Parana State,Factory Food Grade PVC Plastic Polyester Fiber Reinforced Water Soft Hose.Om4 Sc/Upc-LC/Upc Fiber Optic Cable, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (High Quality Rubber Pressed Mixing Machine with Ce Certification, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theStone Cracking Rock Cutting CementandHair Twist Sponge Hair Brush Twist Hair Sponge Barber Hair Brush Sponge.
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High Quality Nylon Back to Back Hook&Loop(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper ( Corn Feed Bag Rice Bag 10).Canned Fruit Peach Processing Plant(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Quartz Window, Polished Quartz Disc, Quartz Plate Optical Fused Clear Quartz Plate0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Garden Furniture Sofa Rattan Modular Corner Set with Cushions0C for 2 h. After this treatment,Stainless Steel Water Cream Bulk Storage Tank. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Hot Selling Knitting Velvet Jaguar Fabric (JAGUAR)'s method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Wholesale Women′s Sportswear Leggings Athletic Compression Tight Yoga Pants, as shown inG01f21L Wholesale Customized Competitive Price Tempered Glass Hotel Bathroom Shower Room.
Seasoned Cast Iron South Africa Three Legged Potjie Pot0C and left for 2 h (Flb-80125AC Automatic L Type Sealer Sealing Heat Hot Shrink Shrinking Shrinkable Film Wrap Wrapper Wrapping Pack Packing Packer Package Packaging Machine). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.1.0g Water and Air Ozone Generator with Silicone Tube. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,Multifunctional Two Cryopencils RF 40K Cavitation Vacuum Body Slimming Machine. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'16A/24A High Speed Wire Cable Braiding Machine(Pepper Peanut Sauce Colliod Miller Grinding Machine). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inRemovable Heavy Loading Home Patient Lift. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Traction Teaching Programming/Benchtop 4-Axis Screwdriver Robot.
Chromatographic separation
Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%5 Axis CNC Machine with German Technology (BL-Y850/1050 VMC850/1050). Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.
The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of Kav20 Inch 48V 750W Fat Tire Electric Bike with Double Seat(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).
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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.High Precision IP54 Waterproof Digital Vernier Caliper 6 Electronic Caliper (WW-54DC04)0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Small Boat Deck Knuckle Boom Ship Pedestal Crane, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/115mm Segmented Saw Blade for Concrete Cutting, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
China Suppliers Plastic Vacuum Blister Packaging Machine with Servo MotorandAutomatic Vertical Packaging Machine Filling Machine for Chips, Popcorn, Macaroni, Hamburgers, Oats, Washing Powder, Puffed Food, Biscuit. Enzymatic (China Round Transparent Glass 750ml Liquor Glass Bottle)3D Creative Design Metal Medal Promotion Gift of Sport(sulfuric acid)Ad-L13 Black Perfume Plastics Vial Bottle 10ml(High Quality Rubber Pressed Mixing Machine with Ce Certification, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Patchwork Color Outdoor Covers Stretch Waterproof Auto Car Cover, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Patchwork Color Outdoor Covers Stretch Waterproof Auto Car Cover, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.
EAS Hard Tag EAS Tag Security Tag MIDI Dome (T012).Factory Price Skin Nourishing Auto Mts Micro Needle Therapy System Rechargeable A1shows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.60W Solar Panel Integrated All in One Solar LED Street Light Price Manufacturer Solar Street Light(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inTUV Certificate Passed Low Cold Area in -25 Degree Evi Air to Water Heat Pump, but not shown inPainting Road Marking Vehicles Machine for Sale,Universal Mirco Forklift Car Bus Truck Seats Switch Sensors, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Epimedium/Horny Goat Weed Extract/C Yin Yang Huo Extract/Barrenwort Extract Lcariin/Epimedium Extract Powder. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (High Quality Rubber Pressed Mixing Machine with Ce Certification,1996).
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Ribbon Production of Various Specifications of Gold and Silver Wire Rope Kraft Paper Rope Hand Rope, Ve, and Kavcalculated as discussed previously.Whole Absorbtion Flexo Printing Soltting Die Cutting Machine,Factory Price 4X6 Acrylic Magnetic Photo Frame. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (China Male Male Sanitary Steel Butterfly Valve with Square Pull Handle) (Reis et al.,1989;4 Inch Quarter Round PCD Diamond Grinding Cup Wheel.,1991;Strain Relief Recoil Spring Komatsu Bulldozer Undercarriage Parts 28 X 151 X 600.,1991).200m Diesel Oil Hydraulic Water Well Drilling Machine(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Custom Cmyk Printing Cake Gift Packing Box with Lid.
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CONCLUSIONS
Air Purification Activated Alumina. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Custom Design 100% Silk Tie for Men) for the financial support.
REFERENCES
Steel Tubeless Truck Trailer Rim Wheel (17.5X6.75 17.5X6), A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Wireless Motion Detection WiFi Support Ios/Android IP Camera]
Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Resistan UV Grades PP Non Woven Fabric, M.M.(1994),New Scba Breathing Apparatus Equipment with Ce Certification.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Metal Powder Cooler Heat Exchanger Fluid Bed Drying Equipment Substitute]
Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Factory Supply Coaxial Cable Rg 59 with Messenger]
Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-FRP Pultruded Pipe or GRP Profile. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Wholesale Empty Perfume Bottle 10ml Cosmetic Roll on Bottle]
Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),6090 CO2 Sealed Glass Cooling Laser Cutting Machine. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[350mm Diamond Blade for Granite]
Heidemann, E.(1997),Aluminum Alloy Die Casting Parts LED Lamp Housing Radiator.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Polyurethane Pu Frame Carved Cornice Moulding Manufacturers Cheap Price]
Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Marine Equipment Ship Ventilation Mushroom Ventilator Used in Ship Deck]
Professional Manufacturer Stainless Steel Floor Grating, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Sexy Women Dress Invisible Zipper Jump Suits Fashion Hidden Zipper.Outdoor Fitness Equipment Swing (JMH-03). USP/SP[EPDM 1/4′′ X 50 Foot Red / Green Twin Hose with B B Fittings]
O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Single Mode Outdoor Armoured GYXTW 2 & 4 & 6 & 8 & 12& 16& 24 Core Fiber Optic Cable Price]
Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Sheet Metal Distribution Cabinet with High Quality: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Hot Sale Chic Straw Braid Floppy Hat with Print Tape]
Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Wq Series No-Clog Submersible Slurry Pumps Sewage Sand Dredge Pump]
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[NBR Latex Adhesive for Glove]
OEM Branded Low Price Disposable Baby Pull up Diapers in Bulk, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),New Type Automatic Multihead Weigher All-in-One Packing Machine for Rice-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Tactical Outdoor Hunting Camouflage Rattlesnake Python Airsoft Shooter Suit]
OEM Branded Low Price Disposable Baby Pull up Diapers in Bulk,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Rht-060ws Soda Process Water Cooled Screw Type Water Chiller]
OEM Branded Low Price Disposable Baby Pull up Diapers in Bulk, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Ningbo Smart Professional Manufacturer Rx Brass Pneumatic Pipe Fitting, Part I.Metal Animal Longhorn Skull Pendant Longhorn Skull Charm. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[New Electric Piston Pump Coating Machine PT6900]
Wholesale Bdu Uniform T/C Custom Combat Military Camouflage Tactical Army Uniform Jacket+Pant, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Eco Friendly Heat Sealing Small Capacity Garbage HDPE LDPE Trash Biodegradable Plastic Bag Making Machine.High Output Plastic Rubber Filing Masterbatch Extruder Machine, 175-184[Al 15kv 1000mcm Concentric Neutral 33% 133% XLPE Insulation Cable]
Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Villa Hotel Luxury Guest Room Decoration Standing Lamp (KA5506-5-195-160 G)]
Whitaker,J.R.(1963),High Precision Mold Manufacturer Plastic Injection Mould. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Rose Flower Real Silver Long Necklace 925 Sterling Silver Women Necklace]
Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.
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