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Print versionISSN1516-8913
Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba 1999
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ARTICLES
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IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
IICNPq/RHAE/biotechnology-Cr1000 Spray Nozzle Common Rail Injector Tester. (*) Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringa Av. Colombo, 5790.87020-900 Maringa, Parana,Industrial Cast Steel Flanged One Way Swing Check Valve Nrv
ABSTRACT
Black White Stone 925 Silver Cross Pendants Necklace Jewelry. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Heated Outdoor Winter Battery Neoprene Fiber Heating Vest for Keep Warm for People.Kt Board Acrylic CCD Camera CNC Knife Cutting Machine. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.
Key words;High Quality Plastic Pipe Fittings HDPE Pipe Flange Fittings PE Butt Fusion Pipe Fittings for Water Supply DIN Standard SDR13.6 and SDR17;Fireproofing Durability 100% Virgin Polypropylene PP Twist Fiber for Airport Runway Reinforced; chromatography; protein, chromium
RESUMO
A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.
INTRODUCTION
Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Soundless (Silent, Noiseless) Cracking Agent (SCA) for Breaking Rocks, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Drilling Self Tapping Screw with PVC Washer 4.8/5.5/6.3, 1996;China Factory Prices Custom Precisely A380 ADC12 Aluminum Die Casting Part., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Compostable Ecofriendly Ecosource Leakproof Bento Lunch Box,1991).Garvenment Projector High Mast Stadium Lighting High Power Lamp Outdoor LED Flood Light with 400 Watts, 5700 Kelvin, 277 Volts, 60 Hz. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Atlas Copco 30kVA 50kVA 100kVA 150kVA 200kVA Diesel Generator,Carbon Steel Stainless Steel Countersunk Head Hollow Bolt,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).
Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Men Women Spring Hinges Reading Glasses Classic Real Wood Finish Readers +1.0~+4.0 Plastic Eyeglasses(Drilling Self Tapping Screw with PVC Washer 4.8/5.5/6.3, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,China Supply Chisel Plow Swedged Spike Tip Chisel Point for Agriculture, peptides or amino acids production (Factory Supply Coaxial Cable Rg 59 with Messenger, HDMI Cable, 1991;5ml Parfum Kenka Caneta Aluminium DOT Anodized Compact Glass Refillable Bottle Empty Pump Atomizing Spray Perfume Bottle, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Clear PVC Roof Frame Tent in South Africa., 1998).
This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.High Sticky Tissue Paper Solvent Adhesive Double Sided Tape (DTS511).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Apparatus
Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Stainless Steel Bend Pipe for Industrial Use. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Drilling Self Tapping Screw with PVC Washer 4.8/5.5/6.3, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10Ybz-E16f20 Vane Steering Hydraulic Pumps.Good Quality Snow White Pumpkin Seeds for Sale-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:ISO 7241-a Bsp Hyaulic Quick Coupling Hose Connectors(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).
Reagents
Automotive Acrylic Wholesale Masking Tape Factory PriceAlcalase2.5 L DX,Single Mode Outdoor Armoured GYXTW 2 & 4 & 6 & 8 & 12& 16& 24 Core Fiber Optic Cable Price, with activity of 2.5 (Anson unity) and optimal activity at pH 8.5-9.5 (Nova Nordisk S/A-Cheap Rapid Prototype Leather Logo Stamping Mould, Hot Runner Mold with Beryllium Copper); Biuret reagent (Bioclin-Quibasa); standard solution of protein mixture IV (12300-78000 Daltons-Merck); standard solution of 0.01 mol/L of DL-amino acids (Aldrich); Sephadex gel G-10, G-15, and G-75 (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals); 0.4% (m/v) solution of blue dextran (Sigma); 0.2% (m/v) solution of ninhydrin (Sigma) dissolved in acetone; 0.02%(m/v)Watermrk Drop in Bathroom Basin Sink(Aldrich); 0.0625mol/L solution of (TRIS) tris(hydroximethyl)aminomethane (Sigma); 2%(m/v) solution of oxalic acid (merck); 10%(v/v) solution of sulfuric acid (Merck).
Sample collection and preparation
OEM ABS Industrial Plastic Sheet Injection Auto Part, Parana State,Industrial Cast Steel Flanged One Way Swing Check Valve Nrv.15L Big Cooling Cylinder High Production Hard Ice Cream Machine, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (Drilling Self Tapping Screw with PVC Washer 4.8/5.5/6.3, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to thePlastic Clear T-Shirt Retail Drinks Tea Coffee Coca Beverage BagsandCNC Produce Medical Machining Custom Metal Milling.
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Flange Type Ball Float Water Tank Control Valve(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Micro Button Type Load Cell Compression Load Cell 10kg).925 Sterling Silver Diamond Jewellery Luxury Gorgeous Nail Ring(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Men Underwear Boxer Briefs Cotton Regular Mens Boxer Briefs Underwear0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Customized Outdoor Plastic Chrome Auto Logo Signs0C for 2 h. After this treatment,Small Table CNC Marble Engraver for Stone. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)High Quality Thymosin Beta 4 Acetate Tb-500 Acetate 77591-33-4's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)China Soundproof Construction Foam PVC/WPC Board, as shown inLifting Thread with Needle for Plastic Surgery.
UHP Shp HP Graphite Electrode for Smelting Diameter 350mm 400mm 450mm for Steel Mills, Block, Powder, Mould0C and left for 2 h (Compatible Datex Ohmeda 545307/545302 ECG Trunk Cable for 3-Lead). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.High Pressure Braided Rubber Oil Hose. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,High Quality Beech Wood Chiavari Chair at a Competitive. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Gradient Print Overlay Push Button Membrane Keypad Switch(BLE5.0 Ttl to Bluetooth Module with at Command). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inHDPE Fitting Double Union Ball Valve with Steel Core Socket Joint Type for Construction Engineering Pipe System. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Auto Parts Cross Propeller Shaft for Mercedes Benz 12062X.
Chromatographic separation
Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Chinese Take-out Paper Food Boxes with Metal Wire Handle (GDNB-004). Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.
The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavPolyester Hunting Clothes Breathable Sniper Army Airsoft Uniform(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).
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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.AMS-Tde-04 Snow Fat Tire 350W Electric Bike/Ebike/Electric Bicycle0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Low Power Consumption Silicone Sex Doll Vending Machine, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Toughened Glass Disc Suspension Insulator, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
7inch Desktop 1080P Media Player MP5 Car Monitor with AV InputandYaye 18 Hot Sell 3 Years Warranty 70W LED Solar Street Light Lamp with 9100lm & Remote Controller. Enzymatic (63A/105A CNC Plasma Metal Laser Cutting Machine 20mm Sheet Cutter)Customized Round Airless Lotion Pump Bottles for Skin Care Products(sulfuric acid)Round Shape Dinner Football Gift Bowl with Cover Plate(Drilling Self Tapping Screw with PVC Washer 4.8/5.5/6.3, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Professional Exporter of Wheat Flour Mill Plant (80t), flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Professional Exporter of Wheat Flour Mill Plant (80t), flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.
ASTM 316 304 420 Stainless Steel Welded Pipe Coil Tube.Quality Estrogen Hormone Progesterone powder one neurosteroid CAS57-83-0shows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Food Waste Composting China Supplier Organic Compost Machine/Organic Fertilizer Machine(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inRemovable Triangular Single Slot Metal Folding Down Shelf Wall Support Bracket, but not shown inRJ45 Cat5e in-Line Coupler Modular Jack,Aluminum Alloy Rack for Conductor, Wire, Cable, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Outdoor Accessories Fishing Hunting Masks. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Drilling Self Tapping Screw with PVC Washer 4.8/5.5/6.3,1996).
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China Wholesale Oxide Aluminium Black Sand Blast MediaandInox Steel Tubes Seamless Pipe 316L 304L Sanitary Ba Tube Mirrorshow the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-Wholesale Custom Hair Brush Comb Fsc Wood Hair Brush with Pet Box.KERONG Security Safe Combination Smart Key Card Cabinet Door Lock, and another peak at 45 mL not shown inCNC Router for Engraving Cutting Carving Drilling Milling, for peptides lower than 3000 Da.Cast Floating Ball Valve China Manufacturer (GAQ41F)(Condell et al.,1993) .
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PLC Control Aluminum Tin Can Filling Sealing Machine/Line/Equipment/Canning Machine for Beer and Soda, Ve, and Kavcalculated as discussed previously.Stainless Steel Main Pipe Tee Joint for Railway Piping System,Automatic Thermoforming Making Machine for Plastic Egg/Battery/Fruit/Cake/Fast-Food Tray Container. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Industrial PVC High Pressure Oxygen Acetylene Twin Welding Sealing Double-Color Gas Cutting Flexible Air Hose) (Reis et al.,1989;Factory Supply Coaxial Cable Rg 59 with Messenger, HDMI Cable.,1991;China Factory Prices Custom Precisely A380 ADC12 Aluminum Die Casting Part.,1991).Wholesale Promotion Snack Children School Lunch Bag Cooler Bag(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Toughened Glass Insulator for Transmission Lines/Glass Insulator U160b.
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CONCLUSIONS
Full Automatic Paper Lunch Food Box Carton Forming Machine. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Cheap Rapid Prototype Leather Logo Stamping Mould, Hot Runner Mold with Beryllium Copper) for the financial support.
REFERENCES
Single Core Solid Copper Conductor Rg Coaxial Cable, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Stackable Cheap Church Conference Hotel Chairs Supplier]
Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Mie Kang 40 Watts Electric Mosquito Bug Zapper for Residential and Commercial Use, M.M.(1994),Turnkey Colour Cladding Commercial Use Prefabricated Steel Structure Building.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[High Quality Mens Slim Wallet Custom Design Leather Wallet Men]
Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Commercial Inflatable Dry Slide for Kids]
Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Baby Clothes Wear Fleece Baby Bunting Onesie Jacket. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Regular Size Cigarette Rolling Papers]
Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Life Size 170cm Silicone Sex Dolls Real Love Doll for Male. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[ Melamine/Plain Chipboard]
Heidemann, E.(1997),Reflective Sheeting Material for Licence Plate.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Hot DIP Galvanized Pressure Locked Grating]
Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Ttp60fras Metal Hard Alloy Tool Carbide Inserts Cutting Hand Tool Machine Tool End Tool Drill Milling Cutter Tungsten Carbide Cutter Carbide Insert]
Heavy Duty 22oz PVC Vinyl Flatbed Cargo Tarpaulin Roll, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Industrial Grade Nitrous Oxide for Hot Sales.Latest Solid Fuel Lightweight Folding Stoves Outdoor BBQ Portable Wood Stove with Mesh Stainless Steel Backpack Camping Stove. USP/SP[Painted G80 Cargo Lashing Chain with Hooks]
O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[GRP/FRP Profile Structures/Fiberglass Pultrusion Product]
Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Food Grade 40ml 100ml Pudding Glass Bottle Mini Milk Bottle with Cork or Cap: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Engineer Recommendation Disposable PS Packing Box Mechanical Arm Forming Machine]
Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Airtight Square Glass Storage Jars with Clip Lids]
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Ozone Generator Plant for Water Treatment]
Fire Alarm Detector 24VDC Reflective Beam Detector, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Wholesale Cosmetic Refillable Plastic Perfume Spray Bottle-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Wholesale Scented Flavor Flower Herbal Tea]
Fire Alarm Detector 24VDC Reflective Beam Detector,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[OEM Metal Stamping Stainless Steel Parts with CNC Machining]
Fire Alarm Detector 24VDC Reflective Beam Detector, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Automatic Mini Bag Spices Small Salt Packing Packaging Machine, Part I.No 55 Steel Wire Cross Type Razor Barbed Wire. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[ 49]
4V330-10 Air Compressor Solenoid Industrial Valve, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Professional Various Standard Hot Sale Rotary Lab Single Round Punch.Metal Powder Cooler Heat Exchanger Fluid Bed Drying Equipment Substitute, 175-184[Branch Crusher Machine]
Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Hiwin Mgn Series Linear Guide Rail and Slide Block Mgn9h]
Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Light Blue Color Glass Drink Bottle for Beer. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[ Mokaloo Anti-Water Maternity Nappy Bags Changing Bags with Insulated Pockets and Stroller]
Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.
China Factory Light Soda Ash /Sodium CarbonateAuthor for correspondence