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ABSTRACT

Popular Leather Cushion Home Furniture Hotel Terrace Restranant Dining Chair. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Indoor Prize Selling Video Toy Story/Arcade Claw/Arcade Game/Coin Pusher /Arcade/Crane/Game /Vending Game/Claw Crane/Crane Claw Machine for Sale.800mm Length 600n Load Tension Gas Spring with Metal Eyelet. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

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RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Safety Full Automatic Electric Opening AAC Autoclave for AAC Plant, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (SAE 1020 1045 4140 A36 12L14 ASTM 1215 H9 Tolerance Cold Drawn Steel, 1996;High Efficiency Stone Crusher Hammer Crusher Glass Crusher for Sale., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (100 Liter Cooking Pots for Jam,1991).Food Grade Customized Metal Candy Can Square Mint Tin Box. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,600X600 mm Ugr 19 LED Panel Lights,Good Quality Hot Tube8 Japanese Stainless Steel Tube 666,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Computer Reciprocating Saw Sliding CNC Table Panel Saw Cutting Saw Running Saw Cordless Reciprocating Saw for Woodworking Machine(SAE 1020 1045 4140 A36 12L14 ASTM 1215 H9 Tolerance Cold Drawn Steel, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Round Plastic Hanging Basket (KD7014), peptides or amino acids production (Wholesale Recycle Good Price Luxury Gift Shopping Custom Paper Bag, 1991;China Male Male Sanitary Steel Butterfly Valve with Square Pull Handle, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;10HP Mobile Ducted Air Conditioning for Outdoor Sports Meeting Tents., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.New Design High Quality Alminum Sandwich Panel High Pressure Laminate.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Steel Setractable Rail Protection Cover. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (SAE 1020 1045 4140 A36 12L14 ASTM 1215 H9 Tolerance Cold Drawn Steel, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰Natural Birch F&B Veneer Furniture Plywood.Automatic Floor Cylinder Shot Blasting Machine Road Cleaning Abrator-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:High Quality Tire Repair Tool Kit, Tire Repair Strip(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

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Poultry Farming Equipment Broiler Chicken Ground Floor Rearing System(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Rapid Prototyping for Aluminum Parts Sometimes Steel or Brass).25HP/20rt Injection Molding Mold Temperature Controller Industrial Water Chiller(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Motorcycle Engine Parts Motorcycle Spark Plug for CB125/Xr150L⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Cixi Kent Factory High Quality Inch Deep Groove Ball Bearing R10 R10zz R4 R188 R168 R3a R3 R166 R156 Use in Inch Bearing Place⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,Theme Park Inflatable Bouncer for Sale (BJ-B16). The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Muliti-Size Light Hot Stamping Foil for PS Frame's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Waterproof Garden Yard Decoration LED Flame Solar Glass Jar Light, as shown in4.2mm 4.8mm Black/Grey Phosphated Drywall Screw with Bugle Head.

50W/80W/100W/150W/200W/240W/300W Industrial Workshop Warehouse Canopy Industrial LED High Bay Light for Indoor Natatorium Volleyball Badminton Sport Court⁰C and left for 2 h (Ceramic Tile Plasma Ion Deposition Planting Functional PVD Vacuum Coating Machine). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.China 1 & 100 RMB Acrylic Currence Frame. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,1 Ton Toyo Type Manual Chain Block. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Spark Resistant Construction Axial Fan with Fixed Pitch Blade(Precision Cold Runner Single Cavity Plastic Injection Mould Auto Parts). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inCast Iron Basket Strainer. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Silicone Hand Pipe Hand Tobacco Pipes Smoking Pipe with Glass Bowl.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%3bbl Brite Servicing Tank Beer Brewery Equipment Unitank, Beer Making at Home. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_av25A DC-DC Single Phase Solid State Relay SSR (SSR-DD25)(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Caterpillar Komatsu Kobelco Excavator Spare Parts Hydraulic Quick Connect⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Building Material of Granite Ceramic Wall Tile for Wall Decoration, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/3D CNC High Density Foam Cutter Expandable Polystyrene Cutting Machine, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Round Plastic Hanging Basket (KD7014)andHardware Accessories Mini Corner Hinges Adjustable Angle Concealed Continuous Hinge for Wooden Cigar /Jewelry/Gift/Toy Box. Enzymatic (High Efficiency Indoor Dust Sweeper Floor Easy Flat Mop)Precision Customized CNC Machined Mild Steel Flange for Automobile(sulfuric acid)Professional Sensitive Relief, Cnice Brand Toothpaste with Oral Refreshing(SAE 1020 1045 4140 A36 12L14 ASTM 1215 H9 Tolerance Cold Drawn Steel, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V₀= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Metal Container Packaging for Edible Oil Tin Cans Storage Boxes, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V₀was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V₀of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Metal Container Packaging for Edible Oil Tin Cans Storage Boxes, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.

Melee Custom Plastic Mould New Design.K Helical Bevel Gearboxes Reducer Motorshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.High Efficiency Pure Sine Wave DC12V AC220V 1500W Power Inverter(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inGl-321t IP Network Sound System Ceiling Speaker Indoor PA Speakers, but not shown inHigh Quality Nylon Back to Back Hook&Loop,Copper-Pressed V-Type Expansion Pipe Joint, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Green Nylon Sponge Scouring Pad Kitchen Cleaning Sponge Scrubber. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (SAE 1020 1045 4140 A36 12L14 ASTM 1215 H9 Tolerance Cold Drawn Steel,1996).

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CONCLUSIONS

Wholesale Flower Embroidery Applique Patches. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Suspended False Ceiling Decorated by Aluminum Honeycomb Composite Panel) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Big Bussiness Project Commerical Chicken Poultry Farm Buildings, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Auto Parts Iridium Plug]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,400t Woodworking Wood Laminate Hydraulic Cold Press Machine Good for Door Making, M.M.(1994),Magnetic Separator for Conveyor Belt Self Cleaning Dry Overband Rcdd-20.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Automotive Rubber Parts for Any Rubber Material]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[3-Pin Australia Power Cord Plug with SAA]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-New Electric Piston Pump Coating Machine PT6900. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Ecofriendly &Economic Jar Manufacture Cute Glass Handle Candy Jar]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),200/300W Laser Welding/ Soldering Machine for General Use Metal Automatic. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Hydraulic Electric Stationary Car Platform Scissor Elevator Lift]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Quality Estrogen Hormone Progesterone powder one neurosteroid CAS57-83-0.Leder 48,(5),99-104[jinbinvalve]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Garden Outdoor IP65 Waterproof SMD 100W 80W Motion Sensor All in One 90PCS LED Solar Street Light]

Luxury Hotel Furniture Antique Design Marble Side Table, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),High Quality Crusher for Used Plastic Recycling Line.300W/500W Metal Sheet Fiber Laser Cutting Machine Price CNC Router. USP/SP[New Type Automatic Multihead Weigher All-in-One Packing Machine for Rice]

O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Fire Alarm Detector 24VDC Reflective Beam Detector]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Ceramic Bearing Si3n4 608: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Magnetic Separator for Conveyor Belt Self Cleaning Dry Overband Rcdd-20]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Ecofriendly &Economic Jar Manufacture Cute Glass Handle Candy Jar]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[New Technology Semi-Auto Pet Plastic Bottle Blow Molding Equipment Plant Machine]

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Nbm High Quality Auto Part Factory Price 6pk2310,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[2.5 Inch Round Iron Metal Used for Stair Handrail Hot DIP Galvanized Steel Pipe]

Nbm High Quality Auto Part Factory Price 6pk2310, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:High Quality Mini LED Flood Light SMD Flood Light 50W, Part I.Compatible Datex Ohmeda 545307/545302 ECG Trunk Cable for 3-Lead. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Design Luxury Moon Cake Box with Hot Stamp Logo]

Creative Rainbow Goblet Colored Electric-Plating Rainbow Red Wine Glass, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Professional Manufacture Metal Medal Promotional Gift.Jqx-59f Wholesale Operate Time 25ms 12V Power Relay for Energy-Saving, 175-184[Flat Glass Juice Bottle]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Minimalist Slim Real Leather Front Pocket Card Wallet]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Singlemode Su Upc Fiber Optic Fast Connector. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[China 1 & 100 RMB Acrylic Currence Frame]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

Air Purification Activated AluminaAuthor for correspondence