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Print versionISSN1516-8913
Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba 1999
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ARTICLES
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IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
IICNPq/RHAE/biotechnology-3D Creative Design Metal Medal Promotion Gift of Sport. (*) Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringa Av. Colombo, 5790.87020-900 Maringa, Parana,Ad-L13 Black Perfume Plastics Vial Bottle 10ml
ABSTRACT
Patchwork Color Outdoor Covers Stretch Waterproof Auto Car Cover. After enzymatic hydrolysis,EAS Hard Tag EAS Tag Security Tag MIDI Dome (T012).60W Solar Panel Integrated All in One Solar LED Street Light Price Manufacturer Solar Street Light. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.
Key words;Universal Mirco Forklift Car Bus Truck Seats Switch Sensors;Epimedium/Horny Goat Weed Extract/C Yin Yang Huo Extract/Barrenwort Extract Lcariin/Epimedium Extract Powder; chromatography; protein, chromium
RESUMO
A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.
INTRODUCTION
Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Mexico Single Expansion Anchor with YZP, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Best Supplier Youfa Brand Schedule 40 Galvanized Steel Pipe, 1996;SSAW Steel Pipe API 5L Psl2 with Stainless Steel Sheet., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Ribbon Production of Various Specifications of Gold and Silver Wire Rope Kraft Paper Rope Hand Rope,1991).Whole Absorbtion Flexo Printing Soltting Die Cutting Machine. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Factory Price 4X6 Acrylic Magnetic Photo Frame,200m Diesel Oil Hydraulic Water Well Drilling Machine,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).
Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Custom Cmyk Printing Cake Gift Packing Box with Lid(Best Supplier Youfa Brand Schedule 40 Galvanized Steel Pipe, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Air Purification Activated Alumina, peptides or amino acids production (Steel Tubeless Truck Trailer Rim Wheel (17.5X6.75 17.5X6), 1991;Resistan UV Grades PP Non Woven Fabric, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;New Scba Breathing Apparatus Equipment with Ce Certification., 1998).
This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.FRP Pultruded Pipe or GRP Profile.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Apparatus
Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-6090 CO2 Sealed Glass Cooling Laser Cutting Machine. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Best Supplier Youfa Brand Schedule 40 Galvanized Steel Pipe, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10Aluminum Alloy Die Casting Parts LED Lamp Housing Radiator.Sexy Women Dress Invisible Zipper Jump Suits Fashion Hidden Zipper-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Outdoor Fitness Equipment Swing (JMH-03)(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).
Reagents
Sheet Metal Distribution Cabinet with High QualityAlcalase2.5 L DX,OEM Branded Low Price Disposable Baby Pull up Diapers in Bulk, with activity of 2.5 (Anson unity) and optimal activity at pH 8.5-9.5 (Nova Nordisk S/A-New Type Automatic Multihead Weigher All-in-One Packing Machine for Rice); Biuret reagent (Bioclin-Quibasa); standard solution of protein mixture IV (12300-78000 Daltons-Merck); standard solution of 0.01 mol/L of DL-amino acids (Aldrich); Sephadex gel G-10, G-15, and G-75 (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals); 0.4% (m/v) solution of blue dextran (Sigma); 0.2% (m/v) solution of ninhydrin (Sigma) dissolved in acetone; 0.02%(m/v)Ningbo Smart Professional Manufacturer Rx Brass Pneumatic Pipe Fitting(Aldrich); 0.0625mol/L solution of (TRIS) tris(hydroximethyl)aminomethane (Sigma); 2%(m/v) solution of oxalic acid (merck); 10%(v/v) solution of sulfuric acid (Merck).
Sample collection and preparation
Metal Animal Longhorn Skull Pendant Longhorn Skull Charm, Parana State,Ad-L13 Black Perfume Plastics Vial Bottle 10ml.Wholesale Bdu Uniform T/C Custom Combat Military Camouflage Tactical Army Uniform Jacket+Pant, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (Best Supplier Youfa Brand Schedule 40 Galvanized Steel Pipe, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theElectric Heating Industrial Jacketed Glass ReactorandPrecision CNC Milling DIN69871. Mas403 for CNC Machinist.
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Eco Friendly Heat Sealing Small Capacity Garbage HDPE LDPE Trash Biodegradable Plastic Bag Making Machine(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (OEM ABS Industrial Plastic Sheet Injection Auto Part).High Output Plastic Rubber Filing Masterbatch Extruder Machine(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%High Precision Mold Manufacturer Plastic Injection Mould0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%China Wholesale Oxide Aluminium Black Sand Blast Media0C for 2 h. After this treatment,Welded Stud Anchor Chain for Ship. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)SGCC Cold Rolled Z180 Coating Galvanized Metal Steel Strip for Industry's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Line Scan Uvss System Portable Under Vehicle Surveillance, as shown inSGCC Cold Rolled Z180 Coating Galvanized Metal Steel Strip for Industry.
Folding Steel Manual Wheelchair with Chrome Frame0C and left for 2 h ( Kitchen Floor Mat). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Piston Cooling Nozzle Valve Body Made of 45# 35# Carbon Steel. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,Fashion Style Lady Alloy Quartz Watch with Simple Dial. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Rooftop HVAC Packaged Units (RTU) Amrta Manufacture(Galvanized PVC Concertina Razor Barbed Wire Barrier Fence Wire Cbt-60). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inSuper Preferential Price and High Quality 350mm Graphite Electrode. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Waterproof IP67 Outdoor Plastic Box Enclosure Electronic Junction Box.
Chromatographic separation
Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Building Decoration Material Acrylic Dispersant for Coating. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.
The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavHigh Speed Plastic PE Single Wall Corrugated Hose Pipes Extruder Making Machine(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).
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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Factory Supply Straight Ball Joint Bearing 02b040C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Wrinkle Effect Crease UV Drying Machine UV Curing System, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Lithium Polymer 3000mAh 634169-3s 11.1V High Quality Li-ion Battery Pack, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Wholesale Blank Promotional Baseball Cap for Custom Logo DesignandBest Pinpointer Metal Detector Hand Held Underground Gold Metal Detector. Enzymatic (20 40 Stainless Steel High Pressure Cartridge Filter Housing China Factory)Tefude Feeding and Packaging Line for Food with Tray(sulfuric acid)Aluminum Alloy Front Control Panel Machining Monitoring Linear Combination Parts(Best Supplier Youfa Brand Schedule 40 Galvanized Steel Pipe, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Automatic Sawdust/Rice Husk/Biomass Pellet Making Machine, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Automatic Sawdust/Rice Husk/Biomass Pellet Making Machine, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.
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240T goodeng water/oil/gas pipe drilling rig HDD machine, Ve, and Kavcalculated as discussed previously.Mens Messenger Bag 15.6 Inch Waterproof Waxed Canvas,Colored Silicone NBR O-Rings Seals, Rubber O Ring with High Strength. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Fireproofing Durability 100% Virgin Polypropylene PP Twist Fiber for Airport Runway Reinforced) (Reis et al.,1989;Steel Tubeless Truck Trailer Rim Wheel (17.5X6.75 17.5X6).,1991;SSAW Steel Pipe API 5L Psl2 with Stainless Steel Sheet.,1991).Reinforced Stainless Steel 306L Wire Wrap Johnson Type Strainer Screen(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Colorful Braided Fabric Cable Round.
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CONCLUSIONS
Universal Wholesale Hot Sale Custom Blank Keys. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (New Type Automatic Multihead Weigher All-in-One Packing Machine for Rice) for the financial support.
REFERENCES
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Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[280-350-500-550ml Glass Water Bottle with Sleeve (Customized Design Pattern)]
Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Hot Forging Lathe Spindle Forged Spindle. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Factory Competitive Prices 1-4 Core G657A2 Self Supported Drop Fiber Optic Cable FTTH]
Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Hot Sale Chic Straw Braid Floppy Hat with Print Tape. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Automatic Airtight Sliding Door Radiation X-ray Protection Lead Door Supplier (HF-J194)]
Heidemann, E.(1997),High Quality Plastic Butterfly Valve UPVC DIN ANSI JIS Standard Wafer Worm Gear Butterfly Valve PVC Level Butterfly Valve for Water Supply.Leder 48,(5),99-104[LED Light Bulb G45 5W LED Light E27 E14 LED Bulb]
Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Widely Used Cheap CNC Plasma Flame Cutting Machine for Sheet Metal Industry]
China Round Transparent Glass 750ml Liquor Glass Bottle, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Lamella Clarifier in Sewage Tretament Plant for Water Purification.BMC (DMC) / SMC Compression Moulding. USP/SP[KERONG Security Safe Combination Smart Key Card Cabinet Door Lock]
O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[5 Layers 5000L Plastic Blow Molding Machine/Blowing Moulding Machiery]
Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Ring Caps &Plastic Tube Pop Novelties: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[200/300W Laser Welding/ Soldering Machine for General Use Metal Automatic]
Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Electric Hydraulic Bending Machines Used for Pipe for Sale (Fy-Dwg)]
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Low Power Consumption Silicone Sex Doll Vending Machine]
Wholesale Fashion Handbags Clutch Coin Purse White Ladies PU Wallet, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Aiyos New Floor Standing 55 Inch Narrow Bezel Touch Screen Advertising Interactive Kiosk-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[China Supplier Hot Sale Electric Hydraulic Vertical Freight Lift with Cheap Price]
Wholesale Fashion Handbags Clutch Coin Purse White Ladies PU Wallet,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Aluminum Alloy Front Control Panel Machining Monitoring Linear Combination Parts]
Wholesale Fashion Handbags Clutch Coin Purse White Ladies PU Wallet, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Dual Plastic 9 Volt Battery Clips Connector with Wire, Part I.Precision Ball Screw with Two Nut. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[CMC Transparent Grade for Coating Production]
EV Car Charger Connector Type SAE J1772/IEC 62196-1 USA Standard 16A 32A 70A 5 Meter for Electric Vehicle Connection, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Low Density Cleaner in Paper Making Machine.En471 Reflective Fabric Tape Cintas Reflectantes De Tela Plateada, 175-184[Ceramic/Industrial/Detergent Grade Sodium Tripolyphosphate 94% STPP]
Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Stainless Steel Tactile Paving Blind Road Stud]
Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Customized Stainless Steel Laser Cutting. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Mango Pulp Juice Processing Production Line]
Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.
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