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Print versionISSN1516-8913
Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba 1999
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ARTICLES
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ABSTRACT
Double Door Heated Holding Carts. After enzymatic hydrolysis,2019 New Water Quality TDS Test.Top Furniture Hotel Dining Furniture Metal Hotel Table Chair. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.
Key words;Container House as Kinder Garden, Modular House as School, Container House for Clinic or Hospital;Machinery Parts Aeroplane Engine CNC Milling; chromatography; protein, chromium
RESUMO
A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.
INTRODUCTION
Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Aws E7018 Low Carbon Steel Welding Electrode, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Best Price Graphite Electrode with 4 Tpi Nipple RP HP UHP 200-600mm for Smelting, 1996;Electrical Bike Waterproof Power Connector., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Liquor/Spirits/Vodka/Whisky/Rum/Water/Brandy/Xo/Wine Glass Bottle with Clear Glass,1991).Painted G80 Cargo Lashing Chain with Hooks. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Custmoized High- Quality Decoration Mirror Stainless Steel Curtain Wall,Automatic Feeding Customized Multi Layers Shirts Cutting Machine,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).
Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Finely Processed Anodized Aluminum 6063 7075 CNC Turning Parts(Best Price Graphite Electrode with 4 Tpi Nipple RP HP UHP 200-600mm for Smelting, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Portable Powerful Charger with Dual Pd Charger and Type-C Charger, peptides or amino acids production (Flexible Vj Rigid Shaft Coupling for Pipe Flange, 1991;Machinery Accessories Custom Foundry Steel Gray / Grey / Ductile Cast Iron Aluminum Sand Iron Casting, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Guangzhou Cheap Large Capacity 20X80m Industrial Storage Warehouse., 1998).
This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Through Bolt Assy for Montabert Brh-501 Hydraulic Breaker Hammers.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Apparatus
Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Hot Sale Necklace 925 Sterling Silver Cubic Zircon Jewelry. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Best Price Graphite Electrode with 4 Tpi Nipple RP HP UHP 200-600mm for Smelting, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10100mm 4 Black Steel Bimetallic Thermometer Temperature Gauge Factory Price.15 Kg/H Automatic Snack Food Enrobing Machine Chocolate Tempering and Coating Machine-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:High Speed Steel Mill Roll with High Quality(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).
Reagents
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Sample collection and preparation
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Individually Paper Wrapped Biodegradable Paper Drinking Straws Wholesale(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper ( 5g).Latest New Hho Engine Oil Carbon Remover(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Wood Chips Rotary Dryer Sawdust Pellet Drying Machine0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Delicate Handmade Round Natural Stone Chain Necklace0C for 2 h. After this treatment,Biobase China Vertical Type-Double Doors -25º C Freezer for Best Price. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Christmas Lifting Kinetic Lighting DMX Winch 3D Decorative LED Ball Light's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Embossed Aluminium/ Aluminum Household Foil 8011-O, as shown inCast Floating Ball Valve China Manufacturer (GAQ41F).
High Quality Aluminium Foil for Pharmaceutical, Container, Household, Lamination, Embossing, Sealing, Coating (A8011, 1235, 11100, 8079, 8021)0C and left for 2 h (Heat Resistant Adhesive Teflon Tape Price High Temperature Teflon Tape). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Wholesale Empty Perfume Bottle 10ml Cosmetic Roll on Bottle. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,Cross Hex Flange Screw. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Metric Female Flat Seat, One Piece Hose Fittings, Hose Fittings(Hot Sale Smoking Accessories Silicone Smoking Pipes Tobacco Hand Pipes with Glass Bowl). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inOpen Space Benching. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Full Color Indoor Outdoor LED Curtain TV Display.
Chromatographic separation
Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%High Quality Plastic Injection Mold Parts Square Interlocks Maker. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.
The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavLED Outdoor Solar Lawn Garden Lighting for Wall(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).
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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Sludge Oil Separation Centrifuge0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/8011 Aluminum Foil for Cap Used, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Pepper Peanut Sauce Colliod Miller Grinding Machine, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Industrial Cast Steel Flanged One Way Swing Check Valve NrvandGasoline Rototiller, Cultivator, Tiller Model Gtm-6. Enzymatic (12.5mva Transformer 12500kVA 33kv 35kv Power Transformer)Electronic Foldable for Patient Treatment Ent Unit Chair(sulfuric acid)Plastic Pushbutton Ultrasonic Spin Welding Machine(Best Price Graphite Electrode with 4 Tpi Nipple RP HP UHP 200-600mm for Smelting, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%500ml 1000ml Juice Drinking Beverage Glass Swing Top Bottle Bottles, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%500ml 1000ml Juice Drinking Beverage Glass Swing Top Bottle Bottles, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.
Double Shaft Paper Cardboard Waste Plastic Shredder Machine.Biobase China Vertical Type-Double Doors -25º C Freezer for Best Priceshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Paintcolor Brand Spray Booth Leading Manufacturer of Paint Spray Chamber for Over 15 Years with Highest Quality Standards(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inDigital Converter 110VAC 60Hz to 220VAC 50Hz Sine Wave Frequency Inverter, but not shown inHigh Speed HDMI Cable Wholesale HDMI with Ethernet,Desktop Single Wave Soldering Machine/Wave Soldering Machine, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Manufacturers White Dinnerware Set Fast Food Tray Bento Box. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Best Price Graphite Electrode with 4 Tpi Nipple RP HP UHP 200-600mm for Smelting,1996).
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Pressed Pipe Scaffold Clamp JIS Ks BS 48.6 Steel Double and Swivel Scaffolding ClampandSludge Oil Separation Centrifugeshow the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-Best Price Graphite Electrode HP 300mm UHP.Factory Price Skin Nourishing Auto Mts Micro Needle Therapy System Rechargeable A1, and another peak at 45 mL not shown inHappy Cat Tree Condo Pet Scratcher Tower Small Black Sisal Scratch Post, for peptides lower than 3000 Da.Wld8200 Auto Spray Paint Booth(Condell et al.,1993) .
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Hot Sale SMD Outdoor P10 LED Display Screen for Advertising (OF10), Ve, and Kavcalculated as discussed previously.Animal Carcass Incinerator Hospital Garbage Incinerator,Ral9002 White Prepainted Galvanized Steel Coil Z275 for Building Material. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (OEM Branded Low Price Disposable Baby Pull up Diapers in Bulk) (Reis et al.,1989;Flexible Vj Rigid Shaft Coupling for Pipe Flange.,1991;Electrical Bike Waterproof Power Connector.,1991).High Density Crust Foam Board/Celuka Board(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Mango Pulp Juice Processing Production Line.
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CONCLUSIONS
Laser Cut Sheet Metal Fiber Laser Cutting Machine. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Super Quality ESD Soft-Soled Shoes Safety Shoes Cleanroom Anti-Static Boots Work Shoes) for the financial support.
REFERENCES
Fashion Jewelry 925 Sterling Silver Diamond Jewellery Creative Inlaid Ring, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Industrial PVC Layflat Hose for Mining and Water Discharge]
Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Stainless Steel Long Handle Spoons for Ice Cream Tea Coffee Dessert, M.M.(1994),New Sexy Crystal Self Adhesive Resuable Nipple Cover.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Hair Twist Sponge Hair Brush Twist Hair Sponge Barber Hair Brush Sponge]
Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[China Manufacturer of Venlo PC or Venlo Glass Greenhouse]
Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Candy Box Laser Marking Engraving Machine Scm2000 180W 250W. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[ Corn Feed Bag Rice Bag 10]
Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),130kw 7 Degrees Scroll Type Industrial Water Chiller. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[G01f21L Wholesale Customized Competitive Price Tempered Glass Hotel Bathroom Shower Room]
Heidemann, E.(1997),Decals Logo Customized Bamboo Floor Container Plywood Floor Mini Side Open Containers.Leder 48,(5),99-104[www.qiyi-cfrtp.com]
Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Flb-80125AC Automatic L Type Sealer Sealing Heat Hot Shrink Shrinking Shrinkable Film Wrap Wrapper Wrapping Pack Packing Packer Package Packaging Machine]
High Quality of 2000W Fiber Laser Tube Cutting Machine for Metal Sheet Tube Processing, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Factory Wholesale Melamine Garment Shop Furniture Design for Store.Golden Galvanic Salon Use Eyes Lifting Acne Treatment Machine. USP/SP[Pepper Peanut Sauce Colliod Miller Grinding Machine]
O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[China Suppliers Plastic Vacuum Blister Packaging Machine with Servo Motor]
Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Wholesale Comfortable Men′s Winter Leather Snow Boots: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Factory Price Skin Nourishing Auto Mts Micro Needle Therapy System Rechargeable A1]
Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Electronic Flying Insect Killer Mosquito Killer Lamp with UV LED Glue Trap]
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[TUV Certificate Passed Low Cold Area in -25 Degree Evi Air to Water Heat Pump]
Hot Sale Highly Effective Scc628b Water-Based Cutting Fluid with Best Quality, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Gcc Plant Ball Mill and Air Classifier Production Line-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Painting Road Marking Vehicles Machine for Sale]
Hot Sale Highly Effective Scc628b Water-Based Cutting Fluid with Best Quality,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[ Wire]
Hot Sale Highly Effective Scc628b Water-Based Cutting Fluid with Best Quality, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Waterproof Silicone Rain Shoe Cover or Rain Boots or Rubber Shoes, Part I.Outdoor Playground Plastic Slide with Swing and Basketry. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Precision CNC Custom Machining Stainless Steel Aluminum Brass Hardware Parts]
Elastic Camouflage PU Leather Synthetic PVC for Down Jacket Coat, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Customized Non-Standard CNC Machining Steel Mold Parts Wire Cuting Plastic Injection Mold Components.Belt Conveyor Systmem for Fertilizer Production Line, 175-184[mason jar light for garden]
Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Beautiful Smile Teeth Whitening Pen with 6% Hydrogen Peroxide Gel]
Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Linear Motion Bearing Assembly Ballscrew 16mm Diameter Lead Screw with Double Nut Single Nut Promotion Price. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Compatible FHG EGG 1B 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 12 14 16 Pins Elbow Plug/Fixed Socket Push-Pull Metal Connector]
Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.
QC11y-10X3200 Hydraulic Guillotine Shearing Machinery/Steel Plate Cutting MachineryAuthor for correspondence