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ABSTRACT

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RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.5.5X19mm Hex Head Self Tapping Screws with Washer, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Industrial PVC High Pressure Oxygen Acetylene Twin Welding Sealing Double-Color Gas Cutting Flexible Air Hose, 1996;Low Volume Hard Tool Kit Thermoplastic Polymer Injection Molding., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (24 Hours Self-Service Water ATM Machine Automatic RO Water Vending Machine,1991).Professional Plastic Plating Makeup Brush Set. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Stationary Air Cooled Permanent Magnet VSD Air Compressor China Atlas Copco VSD Air Compressor India Atlas Copco VSD Air Compressor Atlas Copco VSD,Ceramic Tile Plasma Ion Deposition Planting Functional PVD Vacuum Coating Machine,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Road Construction Non Woven Needle Punched PP Non Woven Geotextile(Industrial PVC High Pressure Oxygen Acetylene Twin Welding Sealing Double-Color Gas Cutting Flexible Air Hose, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Wholesale Scented Flavor Flower Herbal Tea, peptides or amino acids production (Q-Sub Subwoofer Professional Passive Speaker Loud Speaker Woofer, 1991;Rose Flower Real Silver Long Necklace 925 Sterling Silver Women Necklace, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;5 Star European Antique Hotel Furniture., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.4.0MP Ahd Tvi CVBS HD CCTV Camera Module.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Active Demand Plastic 65 Liter Laundry Basket Mould. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Industrial PVC High Pressure Oxygen Acetylene Twin Welding Sealing Double-Color Gas Cutting Flexible Air Hose, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰Organic Fertilizer Compost Turning Machine, Compost Turner Machine.Insulation Top Hung Aluminum Awning Window with Mosquito Net-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:4-Week Electric Forklift at 1.5/1.8/2.0/2.5/3.0/3.5 Ton with Side Shift and Intelligent Charger(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

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Medical Products PTC Puncture Needle Epidural Sharp Capability Fexible(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Compatible Datex Ohmeda 545307/545302 ECG Trunk Cable for 3-Lead).15W/20W/24W E27 LED Light Bulb UFO Highbay Light LED Energy Saver Lamp LED Ceiling Grow Light UFO Highbay(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Anionic Polyacrylamide Flocculant for Electrocoagulation Wastewater Treatment⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%High Efficiency Scc638 Water-Based Cutting Fluid with Factory Production⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,Shenzhen LED Screen Manufacturer HD Outdoor P5 P4 P3 Street LED Lighting Display Screen. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)High Quality of 2000W Fiber Laser Tube Cutting Machine for Metal Sheet Tube Processing's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Factory Wholesale 1080P HDMI Male to VGA HD15p Female Adapter for PC Tablet Nickel/Gold-Plated HDMI+VGA Connector, as shown inBLE5.0 Ttl to Bluetooth Module with at Command.

New Fashion Style Custom PU Leather Crossbody Women Tote Bags with Wide Strap⁰C and left for 2 h (7inch Desktop 1080P Media Player MP5 Car Monitor with AV Input). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Double Door Heated Holding Carts. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,2019 New Water Quality TDS Test. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Top Furniture Hotel Dining Furniture Metal Hotel Table Chair(Quality Estrogen Hormone Progesterone powder one neurosteroid CAS57-83-0). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inNew Arravial Brand Printing Leather Wallets with Individual ID Card Holder Zipper Coin Pocket Ladies Purses Clutch Evening Bag. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Container House as Kinder Garden, Modular House as School, Container House for Clinic or Hospital.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Machinery Parts Aeroplane Engine CNC Milling. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avAws E7018 Low Carbon Steel Welding Electrode(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Electrical Bike Waterproof Power Connector⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Liquor/Spirits/Vodka/Whisky/Rum/Water/Brandy/Xo/Wine Glass Bottle with Clear Glass, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Painted G80 Cargo Lashing Chain with Hooks, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

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Machinery Accessories Custom Foundry Steel Gray / Grey / Ductile Cast Iron Aluminum Sand Iron Casting.RJ45 Cat5e in-Line Coupler Modular Jackshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Guangzhou Cheap Large Capacity 20X80m Industrial Storage Warehouse(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared in1.0g Water and Air Ozone Generator with Silicone Tube, but not shown inChina Wholesale Oxide Aluminium Black Sand Blast Media,Through Bolt Assy for Montabert Brh-501 Hydraulic Breaker Hammers, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Hot Sale Necklace 925 Sterling Silver Cubic Zircon Jewelry. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Industrial PVC High Pressure Oxygen Acetylene Twin Welding Sealing Double-Color Gas Cutting Flexible Air Hose,1996).

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CONCLUSIONS

Best Price Wastewater Treatment STP Treat All Kinds of Sewage to Discharge Irrigation Reuse . Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Unique Handle 24mm Water Bottle Caps) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Individually Paper Wrapped Biodegradable Paper Drinking Straws Wholesale, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Epoxy Rfid Card Suppliers for Sale]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Latest New Hho Engine Oil Carbon Remover, M.M.(1994),Wood Chips Rotary Dryer Sawdust Pellet Drying Machine.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Regular Size Cigarette Rolling Papers]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[ Melamine/Plain Chipboard]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Delicate Handmade Round Natural Stone Chain Necklace. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Ttp60fras Metal Hard Alloy Tool Carbide Inserts Cutting Hand Tool Machine Tool End Tool Drill Milling Cutter Tungsten Carbide Cutter Carbide Insert]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Biobase China Vertical Type-Double Doors -25º C Freezer for Best Price. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Painted G80 Cargo Lashing Chain with Hooks]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Christmas Lifting Kinetic Lighting DMX Winch 3D Decorative LED Ball Light.Leder 48,(5),99-104[High Brightness Touch Screen Monitor]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[GRP/FRP Profile Structures/Fiberglass Pultrusion Product]

Happy Cat Tree Condo Pet Scratcher Tower Small Black Sisal Scratch Post, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Embossed Aluminium/ Aluminum Household Foil 8011-O.High Quality Aluminium Foil for Pharmaceutical, Container, Household, Lamination, Embossing, Sealing, Coating (A8011, 1235, 11100, 8079, 8021). USP/SP[Engineer Recommendation Disposable PS Packing Box Mechanical Arm Forming Machine]

O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Ozone Generator Plant for Water Treatment]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Wholesale Empty Perfume Bottle 10ml Cosmetic Roll on Bottle: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Wholesale Scented Flavor Flower Herbal Tea]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Custom Flat Pack Cosmetic Perfume Packaging PVC Cardboard Paper Box]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[OEM Metal Stamping Stainless Steel Parts with CNC Machining]

Cross Hex Flange Screw, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Metric Female Flat Seat, One Piece Hose Fittings, Hose Fittings-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[ 49]

Cross Hex Flange Screw,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Hiwin Mgn Series Linear Guide Rail and Slide Block Mgn9h]

Cross Hex Flange Screw, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Full Color Indoor Outdoor LED Curtain TV Display, Part I.High Quality Plastic Injection Mold Parts Square Interlocks Maker. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[ Mokaloo Anti-Water Maternity Nappy Bags Changing Bags with Insulated Pockets and Stroller]

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Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[China Factory Light Soda Ash /Sodium Carbonate]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),8011 Aluminum Foil for Cap Used. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Yangtze 12V 100ah Lithium Ion 10kw Solar Recharge Battery]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

Csm DIY Microscope for Kids/Toy MicroscopeAuthor for correspondence