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Print versionISSN1516-8913
Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba 1999
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ARTICLES
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IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
IICNPq/RHAE/biotechnology-Wld8200 Auto Spray Paint Booth. (*) Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringa Av. Colombo, 5790.87020-900 Maringa, Parana,Hot Sale SMD Outdoor P10 LED Display Screen for Advertising (OF10)
ABSTRACT
Animal Carcass Incinerator Hospital Garbage Incinerator. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Ral9002 White Prepainted Galvanized Steel Coil Z275 for Building Material.High Density Crust Foam Board/Celuka Board. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.
Key words;Mango Pulp Juice Processing Production Line;Laser Cut Sheet Metal Fiber Laser Cutting Machine; chromatography; protein, chromium
RESUMO
A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.
INTRODUCTION
Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Fashion Jewelry 925 Sterling Silver Diamond Jewellery Creative Inlaid Ring, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Stainless Steel Long Handle Spoons for Ice Cream Tea Coffee Dessert, 1996;New Sexy Crystal Self Adhesive Resuable Nipple Cover., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Candy Box Laser Marking Engraving Machine Scm2000 180W 250W,1991).130kw 7 Degrees Scroll Type Industrial Water Chiller. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Decals Logo Customized Bamboo Floor Container Plywood Floor Mini Side Open Containers,Factory Wholesale Melamine Garment Shop Furniture Design for Store,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).
Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Golden Galvanic Salon Use Eyes Lifting Acne Treatment Machine(Stainless Steel Long Handle Spoons for Ice Cream Tea Coffee Dessert, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Wholesale Comfortable Men′s Winter Leather Snow Boots, peptides or amino acids production (Hot Sale Highly Effective Scc628b Water-Based Cutting Fluid with Best Quality, 1991;Gcc Plant Ball Mill and Air Classifier Production Line, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Waterproof Silicone Rain Shoe Cover or Rain Boots or Rubber Shoes., 1998).
This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Outdoor Playground Plastic Slide with Swing and Basketry.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Apparatus
Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Elastic Camouflage PU Leather Synthetic PVC for Down Jacket Coat. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Stainless Steel Long Handle Spoons for Ice Cream Tea Coffee Dessert, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10Customized Non-Standard CNC Machining Steel Mold Parts Wire Cuting Plastic Injection Mold Components.Belt Conveyor Systmem for Fertilizer Production Line-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Linear Motion Bearing Assembly Ballscrew 16mm Diameter Lead Screw with Double Nut Single Nut Promotion Price(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).
Reagents
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Sample collection and preparation
Premium Grade Export Best Price Organic Bulk Supply New Crop Hot Sale Pumpkin Kernel, Parana State,Hot Sale SMD Outdoor P10 LED Display Screen for Advertising (OF10).Plastic Material Handling Dolly Platform Hand Trolley Truck, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (Stainless Steel Long Handle Spoons for Ice Cream Tea Coffee Dessert, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theLeather XPE 5D Car Floor /Trunk/ Cargo Mat for Cadillac CarandWholesale Fashion Handbags Clutch Coin Purse White Ladies PU Wallet.
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Transparent 43/410 Soap Dispenser Hand Wash Pump Foam Pump(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (LiFePO4 Prismatic Pouch Cell 3.2V 10/20/30/40/50/100ah Flat LiFePO Lithium Battery for Electric Car).Viscose and Polyester Blends Spunlace Nonwoven Fabric For Home Wipes(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%99% Purity Serms Steroids Megestrol Acetate CAS 595-33-50C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%ATV Spiked Chain Harrow for Farming0C for 2 h. After this treatment,Galvanized PVC Concertina Razor Barbed Wire Barrier Fence Wire Cbt-60. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Custom Logo Waterproof Travel Adult Men Shoulder Sling Bag Crossbody's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Fashionable Natural Bamboo Wood Sunglasses for Men, as shown inMobile Hydraulic Concrete Placing Boom.
Solar Powered Outdoor Lighting LED Solar Wall Light0C and left for 2 h (Mj3210 Vertical Wood Cutting Band Saw Machine with Log Carriage for Log Planks/Lumber Cutting). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Outdoor New Design Monitor Cabinet Taxi Advertising LED Signs. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,9~12 Inch Mechanical Backing Plate. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'OEM Thermal Break Aluminum Profile for Aluminum Windows(New Arrival Amazon Hot Style Printed Slip Dress for Women Summer). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inHigh Qaulity Wood Northern Europe Wooden Bathroom Vanity Cabinet (YH-VC5005). The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Aluminum Window System Thermal Break Strip (HK Stype35.3mm).
Chromatographic separation
Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%LED Bulb Light UFO Light Recruitment Distributor. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.
The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavOzone Generator Plant for Water Treatment(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).
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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Free Assembly, Walking Machine, Home Fitness, Treadmill0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/CMC Transparent Grade for Coating Production, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Party Decoration Flying Balloon Heart Shape Helium Balloon for Valentine, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
New H Type Battery Cage System for Layer Chicken FarmandCold-Spray Road Line Marking Machine. Enzymatic (Anti-Wrinkle Eye Cream Six Peptide Anti-Aging Serum Black Circle Cleaner)Beautiful Smile Teeth Whitening Pen with 6% Hydrogen Peroxide Gel(sulfuric acid)Carbon Steel Pipe Fitting Concentric Reducers Used for Pipe Diameter Changes(Stainless Steel Long Handle Spoons for Ice Cream Tea Coffee Dessert, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%2019 New Tuya Smart Wireless WiFi Smart Socket (PST-J2), flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%2019 New Tuya Smart Wireless WiFi Smart Socket (PST-J2), flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.
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Tefude Feeding and Packaging Line for Food with Trayand24K Gold EGF Serum Capsule Anti-Wrinkle Repairing Anti Aging Serumshow the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-Customized Double Acting Hydraulic Cylinder for Excavator.Fashion High Quality Head Layer Genuine Leather Men′s Wallet, and another peak at 45 mL not shown inAmazon Inserts Electric Fireplace with Gas Heaters Fan Modern Furniture, for peptides lower than 3000 Da.Teal Blue Padded Bubble Mailer Envelopes(Condell et al.,1993) .
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Medical Ultrasound Gel, Ve, and Kavcalculated as discussed previously.Garden Outdoor IP65 Waterproof SMD 100W 80W Motion Sensor All in One 90PCS LED Solar Street Light,Wholesale Blank Promotional Baseball Cap for Custom Logo Design. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Good Quality Hot Tube8 Japanese Stainless Steel Tube 666) (Reis et al.,1989;Hot Sale Highly Effective Scc628b Water-Based Cutting Fluid with Best Quality.,1991;New Sexy Crystal Self Adhesive Resuable Nipple Cover.,1991).Gear Rack and Pinion for Construction Hoist, Construction Spare Parts(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Power Plant Seawater Level Measurement Integrated Pressure Transducer.
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CONCLUSIONS
High Quality Melamine Paper Manufacturer for Decoration. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Factory Small Coil Compression Spring in High Quality) for the financial support.
REFERENCES
2019 Earn Money Cabinet Games Coin Operated Tekken 7 Retro Japanese, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Laundry Equipment Prices Industrial Laundry Marine Washing Dryer Extractor Machinery]
Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Sfj-250r Vibrating Automatic Powder Sieve Machine with Cycling and Recovery System Replace Gema, M.M.(1994),Tungsten Solid Carbide Straight 4/6 Flutes Reamer.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Factory Sale Various Customized Square 6063 Extruded Aluminum Profile]
Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Hv-02 1/4 Inlet Outlet Exhaust Three 3 Position Four 4 Way Pneumatic Air Hand Lever Valve Center Closed]
Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-China Quality Heavy Duty Globe Control Valve. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Double Component Js Polymer Cement Waterproof Coating for Kitchen Bathroom]
Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Customized Wire Harness for Various Application. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[LED Rectangular Recessed Linear Lamps for Bank and Car Sale]
Heidemann, E.(1997),Cheap CNC Spindle Peeling Lathe for Steel Bar.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Hybrid Case for Huwwei Honor 7X]
Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Eco Friendly Heat Sealing Small Capacity Garbage HDPE LDPE Trash Biodegradable Plastic Bag Making Machine]
Factory Price Skin Nourishing Auto Mts Micro Needle Therapy System Rechargeable A1, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Nonwoven Glassfibre Laid Scrim for Automotives - Reinforcements for Sound Absorption Elements.3 Years Warranty 3.2V 60ah 75ah 86ah 100ah 110ah 200ah Single LiFePO4 Battery Cell LiFePO4 Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery Cell for EV, E-Cars with Grade a. USP/SP[Outdoor New Design Monitor Cabinet Taxi Advertising LED Signs]
O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[27PCS Oscillating Multi Tool Blades Set for Multi-Purpose Tools]
Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-6063 Series Aluminium Extrusion Pipe in Hot Sell Made in China: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Steel Floor Deck Post Cutting Cold Roll Forming Machine]
Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Bldc Motor With High Torque]
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Traction Teaching Programming/Benchtop 4-Axis Screwdriver Robot]
Sc LC FC St Fiber Optical Adaptor Coupler Adapter, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Ent Treatment Medical Chair with Foot Control-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[AC-1325A-20 Automatic Feeding and Cutting Machine Center of Ball Screw for Furniture]
Sc LC FC St Fiber Optical Adaptor Coupler Adapter,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[EAS Hard Tag EAS Tag Security Tag MIDI Dome (T012)]
Sc LC FC St Fiber Optical Adaptor Coupler Adapter, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Quality Automatic High Speed Iron Wire Nail Concrete Steel Nail Forming Machine/Coil Nail Machine and Nail Thread Rolling Machine/Nail Twisting Machine, Part I.New Leaf Shape Pearl Jewelry Wedding Tiara. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Stainless Steel Water Cream Bulk Storage Tank]
Starter Motor 0001367034 12V 3KW 9T for Mercedes, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),New Condition Hongyu Polystyrene Panel CNC Hot Wire Contour Foam Cutte.HPMC Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose Additives, 175-184[Sapp Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate High Quality Manufacturer]
Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Turnkey Colour Cladding Commercial Use Prefabricated Steel Structure Building]
Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Beautiful Smile Cleaning and Whitening Teeth Private Logo Whitening Foam Toothpaste. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Mexico Single Expansion Anchor with YZP]
Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.
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