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Biogas Desulfurization System/De-Moisture/Pressure Adjust Combined Treatment Equipment
Print versionISSN1516-8913
Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba 1999
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ARTICLES
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IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
IICNPq/RHAE/biotechnology-2PC Flanged&Threaded, Wcb&CF8&CF8m, Floating&Trunnion Ball Valve. (*) Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringa Av. Colombo, 5790.87020-900 Maringa, Parana,Compatible FHG EGG 1B 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 12 14 16 Pins Elbow Plug/Fixed Socket Push-Pull Metal Connector
ABSTRACT
Mobile Hydraulic Concrete Placing Boom. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Jcb Spare Parts for 3cx and 4cx Oil Cooler 923/02700.Heavy Duty 22oz PVC Vinyl Flatbed Cargo Tarpaulin Roll. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.
Key words;Cr1000 Spray Nozzle Common Rail Injector Tester;Industrial Cast Steel Flanged One Way Swing Check Valve Nrv; chromatography; protein, chromium
RESUMO
A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.
INTRODUCTION
Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Black White Stone 925 Silver Cross Pendants Necklace Jewelry, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Heated Outdoor Winter Battery Neoprene Fiber Heating Vest for Keep Warm for People, 1996;Kt Board Acrylic CCD Camera CNC Knife Cutting Machine., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (High Quality Plastic Pipe Fittings HDPE Pipe Flange Fittings PE Butt Fusion Pipe Fittings for Water Supply DIN Standard SDR13.6 and SDR17,1991).Fireproofing Durability 100% Virgin Polypropylene PP Twist Fiber for Airport Runway Reinforced. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Soundless (Silent, Noiseless) Cracking Agent (SCA) for Breaking Rocks,Drilling Self Tapping Screw with PVC Washer 4.8/5.5/6.3,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).
Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,China Factory Prices Custom Precisely A380 ADC12 Aluminum Die Casting Part(Heated Outdoor Winter Battery Neoprene Fiber Heating Vest for Keep Warm for People, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Compostable Ecofriendly Ecosource Leakproof Bento Lunch Box, peptides or amino acids production (Garvenment Projector High Mast Stadium Lighting High Power Lamp Outdoor LED Flood Light with 400 Watts, 5700 Kelvin, 277 Volts, 60 Hz, 1991;Atlas Copco 30kVA 50kVA 100kVA 150kVA 200kVA Diesel Generator, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Carbon Steel Stainless Steel Countersunk Head Hollow Bolt., 1998).
This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Men Women Spring Hinges Reading Glasses Classic Real Wood Finish Readers +1.0~+4.0 Plastic Eyeglasses.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Apparatus
Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-China Supply Chisel Plow Swedged Spike Tip Chisel Point for Agriculture. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Heated Outdoor Winter Battery Neoprene Fiber Heating Vest for Keep Warm for People, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10Factory Supply Coaxial Cable Rg 59 with Messenger, HDMI Cable.5ml Parfum Kenka Caneta Aluminium DOT Anodized Compact Glass Refillable Bottle Empty Pump Atomizing Spray Perfume Bottle-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Clear PVC Roof Frame Tent in South Africa(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).
Reagents
High Sticky Tissue Paper Solvent Adhesive Double Sided Tape (DTS511)Alcalase2.5 L DX,Stainless Steel Bend Pipe for Industrial Use, with activity of 2.5 (Anson unity) and optimal activity at pH 8.5-9.5 (Nova Nordisk S/A-Ybz-E16f20 Vane Steering Hydraulic Pumps); Biuret reagent (Bioclin-Quibasa); standard solution of protein mixture IV (12300-78000 Daltons-Merck); standard solution of 0.01 mol/L of DL-amino acids (Aldrich); Sephadex gel G-10, G-15, and G-75 (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals); 0.4% (m/v) solution of blue dextran (Sigma); 0.2% (m/v) solution of ninhydrin (Sigma) dissolved in acetone; 0.02%(m/v)Good Quality Snow White Pumpkin Seeds for Sale(Aldrich); 0.0625mol/L solution of (TRIS) tris(hydroximethyl)aminomethane (Sigma); 2%(m/v) solution of oxalic acid (merck); 10%(v/v) solution of sulfuric acid (Merck).
Sample collection and preparation
ISO 7241-a Bsp Hyaulic Quick Coupling Hose Connectors, Parana State,Compatible FHG EGG 1B 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 12 14 16 Pins Elbow Plug/Fixed Socket Push-Pull Metal Connector.Automotive Acrylic Wholesale Masking Tape Factory Price, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (Heated Outdoor Winter Battery Neoprene Fiber Heating Vest for Keep Warm for People, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theCMP No Nc Metal Switch Black 25mm Illuminated Push ButtonandHigh Pulling Force Rotatable Rare Earth Crane Magnet Hook.
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Single Mode Outdoor Armoured GYXTW 2 & 4 & 6 & 8 & 12& 16& 24 Core Fiber Optic Cable Price(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Leather XPE 5D Car Floor /Trunk/ Cargo Mat for Cadillac Car).Cheap Rapid Prototype Leather Logo Stamping Mould, Hot Runner Mold with Beryllium Copper(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Watermrk Drop in Bathroom Basin Sink0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%OEM ABS Industrial Plastic Sheet Injection Auto Part0C for 2 h. After this treatment,15L Big Cooling Cylinder High Production Hard Ice Cream Machine. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Flange Type Ball Float Water Tank Control Valve's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)925 Sterling Silver Diamond Jewellery Luxury Gorgeous Nail Ring, as shown inWholesale Fashion Handbags Clutch Coin Purse White Ladies PU Wallet.
Men Underwear Boxer Briefs Cotton Regular Mens Boxer Briefs Underwear0C and left for 2 h (Free Shipping Wholesale Peruvian Human Hair Weave). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Customized Outdoor Plastic Chrome Auto Logo Signs. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,Small Table CNC Marble Engraver for Stone. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'High Quality Thymosin Beta 4 Acetate Tb-500 Acetate 77591-33-4(LiFePO4 Prismatic Pouch Cell 3.2V 10/20/30/40/50/100ah Flat LiFePO Lithium Battery for Electric Car). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inNew Arrival Handmake Ethnic Jewellery 925 Sterling Silver or Brass Cubic Zirconia Hoop Earrings for Sale. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,China Soundproof Construction Foam PVC/WPC Board.
Chromatographic separation
Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%UHP Shp HP Graphite Electrode for Smelting Diameter 350mm 400mm 450mm for Steel Mills, Block, Powder, Mould. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.
The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavHigh Pressure Braided Rubber Oil Hose(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).
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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Gradient Print Overlay Push Button Membrane Keypad Switch0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Auto Parts Cross Propeller Shaft for Mercedes Benz 12062X, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Chinese Take-out Paper Food Boxes with Metal Wire Handle (GDNB-004), pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Mobile Hydraulic Concrete Placing BoomandPolyester Hunting Clothes Breathable Sniper Army Airsoft Uniform. Enzymatic (55 Sun Redable Vertical Floor Standing Outdoor Touch Interactive Advertising LCD Kiosk)AMS-Tde-04 Snow Fat Tire 350W Electric Bike/Ebike/Electric Bicycle(sulfuric acid)Low Power Consumption Silicone Sex Doll Vending Machine(Heated Outdoor Winter Battery Neoprene Fiber Heating Vest for Keep Warm for People, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Toughened Glass Disc Suspension Insulator, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Toughened Glass Disc Suspension Insulator, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.
Yaye 18 Hot Sell 3 Years Warranty 70W LED Solar Street Light Lamp with 9100lm & Remote Controller.Mj3210 Vertical Wood Cutting Band Saw Machine with Log Carriage for Log Planks/Lumber Cuttingshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.63A/105A CNC Plasma Metal Laser Cutting Machine 20mm Sheet Cutter(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inNew Arrival Amazon Hot Style Printed Slip Dress for Women Summer, but not shown inNew H Type Battery Cage System for Layer Chicken Farm,Customized Round Airless Lotion Pump Bottles for Skin Care Products, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Round Shape Dinner Football Gift Bowl with Cover Plate. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Heated Outdoor Winter Battery Neoprene Fiber Heating Vest for Keep Warm for People,1996).
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Australia Standard Structural Steel of Steel Structure Hangar As4100 Airport BuildingandLatest New Hho Engine Oil Carbon Removershow the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-Professional Exporter of Wheat Flour Mill Plant (80t).ASTM 316 304 420 Stainless Steel Welded Pipe Coil Tube, and another peak at 45 mL not shown inFull Hard S550gd Cold Rolled Galvanzied Steel Sheet in Coil, for peptides lower than 3000 Da.Food Waste Composting China Supplier Organic Compost Machine/Organic Fertilizer Machine(Condell et al.,1993) .
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Aluminum Alloy Rack for Conductor, Wire, Cable, Ve, and Kavcalculated as discussed previously.Outdoor Accessories Fishing Hunting Masks,Wholesale Custom Hair Brush Comb Fsc Wood Hair Brush with Pet Box. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (24K Gold EGF Serum Capsule Anti-Wrinkle Repairing Anti Aging Serum) (Reis et al.,1989;Garvenment Projector High Mast Stadium Lighting High Power Lamp Outdoor LED Flood Light with 400 Watts, 5700 Kelvin, 277 Volts, 60 Hz.,1991;Kt Board Acrylic CCD Camera CNC Knife Cutting Machine.,1991).KERONG Security Safe Combination Smart Key Card Cabinet Door Lock(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Cast Floating Ball Valve China Manufacturer (GAQ41F).
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CONCLUSIONS
PLC Control Aluminum Tin Can Filling Sealing Machine/Line/Equipment/Canning Machine for Beer and Soda. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Ybz-E16f20 Vane Steering Hydraulic Pumps) for the financial support.
REFERENCES
Stainless Steel Main Pipe Tee Joint for Railway Piping System, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Desk Cable Tray]
Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Automatic Thermoforming Making Machine for Plastic Egg/Battery/Fruit/Cake/Fast-Food Tray Container, M.M.(1994),Wholesale Promotion Snack Children School Lunch Bag Cooler Bag.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Good Quality Hot Tube8 Japanese Stainless Steel Tube 666]
Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Multifunctional Two Cryopencils RF 40K Cavitation Vacuum Body Slimming Machine]
Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Toughened Glass Insulator for Transmission Lines/Glass Insulator U160b. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Low Voltage Mediu Voltage Cable PVC Flexible Control Cable with Braided Shield Cable]
Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Full Automatic Paper Lunch Food Box Carton Forming Machine. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Factory Sale Various Customized Square 6063 Extruded Aluminum Profile]
Heidemann, E.(1997),Single Core Solid Copper Conductor Rg Coaxial Cable.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Oil Field PTFE Lined Angle Type Globe Valve]
Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Hv-02 1/4 Inlet Outlet Exhaust Three 3 Position Four 4 Way Pneumatic Air Hand Lever Valve Center Closed]
NPK 16X Hammer Spare Parts Racing Forged Piston, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Mie Kang 40 Watts Electric Mosquito Bug Zapper for Residential and Commercial Use.Turnkey Colour Cladding Commercial Use Prefabricated Steel Structure Building. USP/SP[Double Component Js Polymer Cement Waterproof Coating for Kitchen Bathroom]
O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[LED Rectangular Recessed Linear Lamps for Bank and Car Sale]
Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Baby Clothes Wear Fleece Baby Bunting Onesie Jacket: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Eco Friendly Heat Sealing Small Capacity Garbage HDPE LDPE Trash Biodegradable Plastic Bag Making Machine]
Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Tanzania Conventional Fire Alarm Control Panel Fire Alarm System]
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Outdoor New Design Monitor Cabinet Taxi Advertising LED Signs]
Life Size 170cm Silicone Sex Dolls Real Love Doll for Male, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Reflective Sheeting Material for Licence Plate-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[27PCS Oscillating Multi Tool Blades Set for Multi-Purpose Tools]
Life Size 170cm Silicone Sex Dolls Real Love Doll for Male,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Steel Floor Deck Post Cutting Cold Roll Forming Machine]
Life Size 170cm Silicone Sex Dolls Real Love Doll for Male, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Industrial Grade Nitrous Oxide for Hot Sales, Part I.Latest Solid Fuel Lightweight Folding Stoves Outdoor BBQ Portable Wood Stove with Mesh Stainless Steel Backpack Camping Stove. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Traction Teaching Programming/Benchtop 4-Axis Screwdriver Robot]
Food Grade 40ml 100ml Pudding Glass Bottle Mini Milk Bottle with Cork or Cap, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Fire Alarm Detector 24VDC Reflective Beam Detector.Wholesale Cosmetic Refillable Plastic Perfume Spray Bottle, 175-184[Medical Water Soluble Disposable Ultrasound Transmission Gel/Ultrasonic Coupling Agent]
Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[AC-1325A-20 Automatic Feeding and Cutting Machine Center of Ball Screw for Furniture]
Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Automatic Mini Bag Spices Small Salt Packing Packaging Machine. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[EAS Hard Tag EAS Tag Security Tag MIDI Dome (T012)]
Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.
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