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Print versionISSN1516-8913
Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba 1999
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ARTICLES
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ABSTRACT
Custom Colored ABS 3D Printing Parts Electronics Parts 3D Printing Plastic ABS Parts. After enzymatic hydrolysis,IS Type Cast Iron Chemical Industrial Pump.Hot Sale Automatic French Fries Production Line Fresh Potato Chips Making Machine. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.
Key words;Custom Grooved Quartz Plate Deep Processing;Hot Sale CNC Router Machine for Wood Cutting (1325); chromatography; protein, chromium
RESUMO
A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.
INTRODUCTION
Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Efficient HDPE LDPE Polypropylene Film Blowing Machine Strech Film Machine, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (50g Body Luxury King Crown Cosmetic Containers, 1996;Custom Logo Stainless Steel Quality Wrist Quartz Watch for Men., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Mini Succulent Planters, Cactus Pots with Wooden Cement Pot,1991).Paper Egg Box Forming Molding Production Line/ Egg Tray Machine. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,4K LED TV Panel Laser Repair Machine Cr-512dh Big Size Panel Repairmachine/LCD Screen Repair Machine,Tan Color Strip Aluminum and Glass Mosaic for Wall (M855330),etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).
Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,CNC Metal Grinding Machine Tool Mk2120(50g Body Luxury King Crown Cosmetic Containers, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Removable Triangular Single Slot Metal Folding Down Shelf Wall Support Bracket, peptides or amino acids production (Hot Sale High-Order Elasticty Girls Sports Wear Yaga Suit, 1991;Cast Iron Trivet for Tableware Dia: 21cm or Customize OEM, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;12V Electric Winch with 2500lb Pulling Capacity for Lifting / Portable Electric Winch., 1998).
This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Hydraulic Electric Stationary Car Platform Scissor Elevator Lift.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Apparatus
Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Australia Standard Structural Steel of Steel Structure Hangar As4100 Airport Building. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (50g Body Luxury King Crown Cosmetic Containers, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10Dark Red Teflon Encap Silicone O Ring, PTFE Encap Silicone O Ring for Industrial Seal.Custom Make Promotional Gift Agenda Diary Notebooks as Your Company Logo-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:N52 Strong Disc Neodymium Rare Earth Permanent Industrial Cylinder Magnet(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).
Reagents
Bulk Packing 20kg Double Plastic Bags Outer Carton Peanut Butter (Peanut Paste)Alcalase2.5 L DX,Remy Human Hair Straight 1b#613 Full Lace/Lace Front Wig on Sale, with activity of 2.5 (Anson unity) and optimal activity at pH 8.5-9.5 (Nova Nordisk S/A-High Quaity China Supplier Truck Trailer Auto Car Accessories); Biuret reagent (Bioclin-Quibasa); standard solution of protein mixture IV (12300-78000 Daltons-Merck); standard solution of 0.01 mol/L of DL-amino acids (Aldrich); Sephadex gel G-10, G-15, and G-75 (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals); 0.4% (m/v) solution of blue dextran (Sigma); 0.2% (m/v) solution of ninhydrin (Sigma) dissolved in acetone; 0.02%(m/v)Factory Manufacturers Uni-Loose Tube All Dielectric Optical Cable GYFXTY-Fg 2-24 Fiber Drop Cable(Aldrich); 0.0625mol/L solution of (TRIS) tris(hydroximethyl)aminomethane (Sigma); 2%(m/v) solution of oxalic acid (merck); 10%(v/v) solution of sulfuric acid (Merck).
Sample collection and preparation
Cheap Christmas Decoration Micro LED Mini Christmas String Fairy LED Wire Copper LED Light, Parana State,Candle Cups Patterned Glass Candle Holders Festival Decoration Glass Candlestick.Custom Steel Investment Casting High Hardness Agricultural Machinery Parts, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (50g Body Luxury King Crown Cosmetic Containers, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theMonochrome FSTN Positive Transflective Custom LCD Display St7567-G4d 128X64 Cog Graphic LCD Module with White LEDandMulti Sensor Nilitary Surveillance Thermal Imaging Security camera.
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Minimalist Slim Real Leather Front Pocket Card Wallet(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Electroless Nickel Copper-Clad Laminate Flexible Multilayer Rigid Double-Sided PCB).Natural Cleaning Konjak Sponge(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Indoor Load Break Switch Isolating Switch0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Biodegradable Disposible Straw Pulp Food Box Ppp-10070C for 2 h. After this treatment,T5557 T5567 T5577 ATA5577 Thin Card Security Thin RFID Chip Card. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Biogas Desulfurization System/De-Moisture/Pressure Adjust Combined Treatment Equipment's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)NBR Latex Adhesive for Glove, as shown inCustom Logo Aluminum Foil Wallet ID Credit Card Holder Anti RFID Scanning.
Cheap Wooden House Zinc Plated Angle Bracket0C and left for 2 h (H365 Emas Chainsaw Spares Cylinder Kits). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.4.2mm 4.8mm Black/Grey Phosphated Drywall Screw with Bugle Head. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,Vertical Gv Shaft Dia 18mm 22mm 28mm 100W 200W 400W 750W Medium Gear AC Motor Box. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Grid Tie PV Inverter 2-60kw Solar Inverter on Grid 5kw(IVISMILE Black Activated Charcoal & Peppermint Oil Coconut Oil Pulling Mouthwash). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inwww.dupont-painters.com. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Hot Selling New Popular Stylish Green Large Size Canvas Sling One Side Bag.
Chromatographic separation
Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Lift off Flag Hinges - Mild Steel with Steel Pin and Ball Bearing Washer. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.
The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of Kav500 PC Car Body Aluminum Fasteners Trim Moulding Clip Rivet(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).
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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.A5 PU Cover Loose Leaf Business Diary Book Notepad Notebook0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/HD Night Vision IR Laser Camera with PTZ for 1200m Surveillance, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Swbf-17b6s 6 Die 6 Blow Bolt Former Machine, Bolt Machine, Screw Machine, Heading Machine, Multi-Station Cold Heading Machine, Automatic Bolt, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
High Purity99.95% Cobalt OxideandVon Berg (Hormann) Compatible Bioset 9000 One-Piece 10-Lead EKG Cable. Enzymatic (Longyi Crimping Types Cable Terminal Lugs)Rigid PVC Foam Board for FRP Marine(sulfuric acid)Health Care Showcase Cabinet for Drugstore, Retail Shop Glass Display(50g Body Luxury King Crown Cosmetic Containers, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%41 Solid Spruce Top Acoustic Guitar with Fishman Pickups (J45), flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%41 Solid Spruce Top Acoustic Guitar with Fishman Pickups (J45), flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.
Stainless Steel Furniture Gold PVD Plasma Coating Machine.Wholesale Fashion Driving Mirror Lens UV400 Polarized Clip on Sunglassesshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Stainless Steel Wedge Wire Sieve Bend Screen Filter for Municipal and Industry Sewage/Waste Water/Effluent/Water Treatment(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inFolding Steel Manual Wheelchair with Chrome Frame, but not shown inFactory Wholesale 1080P HDMI Male to VGA HD15p Female Adapter for PC Tablet Nickel/Gold-Plated HDMI+VGA Connector,Steel Pipe Rust Removal Shot Blasting Cleaning Machine, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Hydraulic Press Corrugated Cold Roll Automatically Forming Machine. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (50g Body Luxury King Crown Cosmetic Containers,1996).
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Road Construction Non Woven Needle Punched PP Non Woven GeotextileandJcb Spare Parts for 3cx and 4cx Oil Cooler 923/02700show the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-2020 Summer Kid/Baby/Girl Dress Cute Cotton Pink Dress with Lace.Automatic Bread Crumb Processing Line and Making Extruder Machine, and another peak at 45 mL not shown inHigh Pressure 2 1/2 Hose Crimper Machine From Kangmai Hydraulic, for peptides lower than 3000 Da.Plastic Water Gas Supply Cable Protect PE LDPE HDPE Pipe Extrusion Machine Line Single Screw Extruder(Condell et al.,1993) .
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China Manufacturer Cheap Custom High Precision Spiral Compression Phone Clock Stationery Small Torsion Mechanical Metal Micro Pressure Spring, Ve, and Kavcalculated as discussed previously.300ml Clear Hot Water Packing Glass Bottle with Plastic Cap and Silicon Sleeve,Plastic Injection Molding Companies China for Tablet PC Case. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Dark Green Decorative Garden Welded Wire Mesh Fencing) (Reis et al.,1989;Hot Sale High-Order Elasticty Girls Sports Wear Yaga Suit.,1991;Custom Logo Stainless Steel Quality Wrist Quartz Watch for Men.,1991).27PCS Oscillating Multi Tool Blades Set for Multi-Purpose Tools(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,High Quality Solid Tungsten Carbide Rods.
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CONCLUSIONS
Galvanized Steel Overhead Highway Signage Platforms Grating Trench Cover. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (High Quaity China Supplier Truck Trailer Auto Car Accessories) for the financial support.
REFERENCES
Sintered NdFeB Ring Magnets for Various Loudspeakers with RoHS Approved, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Decorative Mixed Color River Stone Pebble Mosaic]
Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,High Tensisle Strength Tissue Paper, M.M.(1994),Tractor Mounted Beach Cleaning Equipment Large Size.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Garden Furniture Sofa Rattan Modular Corner Set with Cushions]
Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[DC Motor for Massagers]
Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-100gr Perfume Quality Underwear Laundry Soap/ Anti-Bacterial Soap. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Single Core Solid Copper Conductor Rg Coaxial Cable]
Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Jaw Plate and Toggle Plate for Jaw Crusher Wearing Parts Spare Parts. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[ Hose Fittings]
Heidemann, E.(1997),PP Coated Pipe Machine Extruder Machine.Leder 48,(5),99-104[52cc Rice Harvester Machine Price In India]
Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[ Printed Socks]
Monochrome FSTN Positive Transflective Custom LCD Display St7567-G4d 128X64 Cog Graphic LCD Module with White LED, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),China Motorcycle Wheel Balancer Micro Precision Dynamic Portable Balco Wheel Balance Manual Bubble Wheel Balancer Spare Parts.Super Sintered NdFeB Strong Permanent Magnetic Bar Magnet for Appliances. USP/SP[Rotary Automatic Wet Wipe Production Linewet Wipes Machine RM-Wl30]
O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[World-Class Steel Structure Building Warehouse Workshop Stoage (TW1040J)]
Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Mining Machinery Parts Diamond Saw Blade Segments for Marble: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Tomato Paste Making Machine-Turn Key Solution]
Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Standard Window Ball Bearing Drawer Dresser Furniture Hardware Heavy Duty Stainless Steel Cabinet Door Butterfly Hinge]
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Printing Pure Color Women Fitness Wear]
Metal Sheet Fabrication Hexagon Hole Punching with Galvanized Surface, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Multi Column Load Cell 100kg, 20t-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[ Diatomite Earth Beer Filter]
Metal Sheet Fabrication Hexagon Hole Punching with Galvanized Surface,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Acf Cof Tab Bonding Machine for Flex Cable Repair of LED LCD Bonding Machine]
Metal Sheet Fabrication Hexagon Hole Punching with Galvanized Surface, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:LCD Screen Hanging Truss/Stage Light Stand/Truss Lift Tower System, Part I.Marine Equipment Ship Ventilation Mushroom Ventilator Used in Ship Deck. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[New Scba Breathing Apparatus Equipment with Ce Certification]
Foldable PP Plastic Storage Logistics Turnover Box, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),China Deep Drawing Aluminum/Aluminium Disc/Circle Cookware/Utensile/Lighting Usage with Good Flatness 1050/1060/1070/1100/3003/3005.Buddhist Mood Picture Wallpaper Murals, 175-184[Air All In One Heat Pump With Energy Recovery]
Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Empty 20ml Pocket Perfume Spray Bottles 20 Ml PP Plastic Card Shape Bottle with Sprayer]
Whitaker,J.R.(1963),High Quality Flange Dismantling Joint. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Wholesales Stackable Coffee Iron Chair]
Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.
High Efficiency Pure Sine Wave DC12V AC220V 1500W Power InverterAuthor for correspondence