ARTICLES

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ABSTRACT

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RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Nordberg C110 C125 C140 Jaw Crusher Spare Parts Fixed / Swing Jaw Plate, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Commercial Inflatable Dry Slide for Kids, Animal Theme Kids Toys Fun City Slide, Factory Price Inflatable Bouncing Slide, 1996;Single and Multi Rope Wire Mine Hoist From China., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (New Technology Semi-Auto Pet Plastic Bottle Blow Molding Equipment Plant Machine,1991).Metal Hand Folding Machine 1.5mm Aluminum Sheet Manual Bending Machinery. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,High Quality Electronic Circuit Board Supplier PCB Assembly,Femo Ferro Molybdenum Powder Lump 55/60,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,8W IP65 Waterproof Ceiling Lighting Dimmable LED Down Light Fire Rated Downlight(Commercial Inflatable Dry Slide for Kids, Animal Theme Kids Toys Fun City Slide, Factory Price Inflatable Bouncing Slide, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Round Panoramic Lift, Glass Observation Passenger Elevator, peptides or amino acids production (Painting Road Marking Vehicles Machine for Sale, 1991;Automotive Rubber Parts for Any Rubber Material, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Die Casting Zinc Alloy Badge Use for Car., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Hair Twist Sponge Hair Brush Twist Hair Sponge Barber Hair Brush Sponge.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-CREE Chip 24W 28W 30W LED Downlight. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Commercial Inflatable Dry Slide for Kids, Animal Theme Kids Toys Fun City Slide, Factory Price Inflatable Bouncing Slide, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰Stone PVC Luxury Vinyl Plank Spc Flooring with V Groove.Three Phase 35kv Current Transformer for Indoor-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:China Shipping Logistics to Stockholm(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

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Wholesales Stackable Coffee Iron Chair⁰C and left for 2 h (Paper New Year Greeting Cards Wedding Invitations Cards). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.OEM Eye Anti-Aging Serum. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,Air Logistics Freight Shipping cost from China to Jamaica Kingston(KIN)Norman Manley Airport reliable Forwarder. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'High Quality D400 FRP / SMC / Fiberglass / Composite Lockable Watertight Round Manhole Cover and Frame BS En124(Electric Heating Industrial Jacketed Glass Reactor). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B in6800W7 Ball Bearing for Machine Joint From Kent Factory. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Microfiber Towel Car Drying Soft Towel.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Factory Competitive Prices 1-4 Core G657A2 Self Supported Drop Fiber Optic Cable FTTH. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avHigh Quality Cast Iron Flooring Strong Corrosion Resistant Pig Flooring(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.100ml/120ml/125ml Glass Bottle for Whisky/ Brandy/Rum/Wine⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/New Styles Fashion Erotic Women Underwear Sexy Lingerie, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/High Quality 1530 Metal Cutting Cheap CNC Plasma Pipe Cutting Machine with Rotary, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

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CONCLUSIONS

120L 240L Oil Universal Chemical Spil Absorbent Kits. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Custom Small Size 4.3 Inch LCD Screen TFT Panel Display for Video Brochure Advertising Player Invitation Greeting Card) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Full Prints PU Small Cute Summer Edition Girls′ Kiss Lock Coin Purse, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Good Quality Material Aseptic Stainless Steel Anti-Corrosive High Pressure Fermentation Vessel for Wine]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,High-Tower Compound NPK Fertilizer 15-15-15, M.M.(1994),20 Years ISO9001 Factory Professional Cross-Country Motorcycle/Motor/Motorbike Tubeless/Tube Tire Dirt Bike Scooter ATV Mrf Rubber Tire/Tyre B067 2.75-21.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Silicon Carbide Foundry Porous Ceramic Foam Filter]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[X15 Power Monitor Two Way Live Stage Monitor Speaker System]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-8 Pieces Hot Sale OEM&ODM Manufacturer Cruelty-Free Powder Blush Eye Cosmetics Makeup Brush. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Light Blue Color Glass Drink Bottle for Beer]

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Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[ Retail Shop Glass Display]

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O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Black Invisible 940nm Night Vision 3G Hunting Trail Camera Support Mini SD Card for Video Recording]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Accurate Measuring Rulers 3D Lenticular Plastic Rulers: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[280-350-500-550ml Glass Water Bottle with Sleeve (Customized Design Pattern)]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Low Price New Design 10A 12V Wind Charge Controller]

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Reusable PLA and Pbat Tea Packing Pouch Supplier in China,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Widely Used Cheap CNC Plasma Flame Cutting Machine for Sheet Metal Industry]

Reusable PLA and Pbat Tea Packing Pouch Supplier in China, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Household Home Appliances Parts Cheap Wholesale Used Plastic Injection Mould Molding Mold, Part I.Industrial P-Toluene Sulfonic Acid for 93%-99% Purity. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[KERONG Security Safe Combination Smart Key Card Cabinet Door Lock]

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Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[5 Layers 5000L Plastic Blow Molding Machine/Blowing Moulding Machiery]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Wood Activated Carbon for Decolorizing in Food Industry with ASTM. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[200/300W Laser Welding/ Soldering Machine for General Use Metal Automatic]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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