ARTICLES

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ABSTRACT

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RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.New Design High Quality Alminum Sandwich Panel High Pressure Laminate, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Steel Setractable Rail Protection Cover, 1996;Natural Birch F&B Veneer Furniture Plywood., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Automatic Floor Cylinder Shot Blasting Machine Road Cleaning Abrator,1991).High Quality Tire Repair Tool Kit, Tire Repair Strip. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,High Performance 915MHz PCB Antenna,GRP/FRP Profile Structures/Fiberglass Pultrusion Product,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Suspended False Ceiling Decorated by Aluminum Honeycomb Composite Panel(Steel Setractable Rail Protection Cover, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,High Efficiency Mining Sand Separator Hydrocyclone for Desliming & Dewatering, peptides or amino acids production (Waterfall Strobe Garden Curtain Cooper Outdoor Patio Christmas Solar Decoration Light, 1991;Customized Metal Material Products for Punching Stamping Part, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Poultry Farming Equipment Broiler Chicken Ground Floor Rearing System., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.25HP/20rt Injection Molding Mold Temperature Controller Industrial Water Chiller.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Motorcycle Engine Parts Motorcycle Spark Plug for CB125/Xr150L. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Steel Setractable Rail Protection Cover, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰Cixi Kent Factory High Quality Inch Deep Groove Ball Bearing R10 R10zz R4 R188 R168 R3a R3 R166 R156 Use in Inch Bearing Place.Theme Park Inflatable Bouncer for Sale (BJ-B16)-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Muliti-Size Light Hot Stamping Foil for PS Frame(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

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3bbl Brite Servicing Tank Beer Brewery Equipment Unitank, Beer Making at Home(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (1.0g Water and Air Ozone Generator with Silicone Tube).25A DC-DC Single Phase Solid State Relay SSR (SSR-DD25)(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Precision CNC Milling DIN69871. Mas403 for CNC Machinist⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Caterpillar Komatsu Kobelco Excavator Spare Parts Hydraulic Quick Connect⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,Building Material of Granite Ceramic Wall Tile for Wall Decoration. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)3D CNC High Density Foam Cutter Expandable Polystyrene Cutting Machine's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Hardware Accessories Mini Corner Hinges Adjustable Angle Concealed Continuous Hinge for Wooden Cigar /Jewelry/Gift/Toy Box, as shown inChina Wholesale Oxide Aluminium Black Sand Blast Media.

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Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%High Efficiency Pure Sine Wave DC12V AC220V 1500W Power Inverter. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avCopper-Pressed V-Type Expansion Pipe Joint(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.White Desiccant Bag Silica Gel with Indicated Orange Bead⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/High Quality Iron Wire Mesh Chain Link Mesh Security Fence, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/TUV Certificate Passed Low Cold Area in -25 Degree Evi Air to Water Heat Pump, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

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CONCLUSIONS

High Quality Mini LED Flood Light SMD Flood Light 50W. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (China 1 & 100 RMB Acrylic Currence Frame) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Compatible Datex Ohmeda 545307/545302 ECG Trunk Cable for 3-Lead, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[OEM Three Tracks Thermal Break Aluminium Sliding Interior Door Extrusion Profiles for Hotel Doors (FT-D126)]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Creative Rainbow Goblet Colored Electric-Plating Rainbow Red Wine Glass, M.M.(1994),Professional Manufacture Metal Medal Promotional Gift.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Ozone Generator Plant for Water Treatment]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Wholesale Scented Flavor Flower Herbal Tea]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Jqx-59f Wholesale Operate Time 25ms 12V Power Relay for Energy-Saving. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[OEM Metal Stamping Stainless Steel Parts with CNC Machining]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Singlemode Su Upc Fiber Optic Fast Connector. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[ 49]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Roller Skating Sneakers Shoes for Children (8083).Leder 48,(5),99-104[Realistic Dildo Masturbation Erotic Sex Toy for Women]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Hiwin Mgn Series Linear Guide Rail and Slide Block Mgn9h]

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O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[China Factory Light Soda Ash /Sodium Carbonate]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-40X-1600X Biological Microscope Xsz-107V LED Light: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Yangtze 12V 100ah Lithium Ion 10kw Solar Recharge Battery]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Hot Rolled Special F Shape Steel Perforated Profile Bar]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Csm DIY Microscope for Kids/Toy Microscope]

6063 Aluminum Coil for Commercial Vehicle Floor, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Silicon Carbide Foundry Porous Ceramic Foam Filter-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Bulk Packing 20kg Double Plastic Bags Outer Carton Peanut Butter (Peanut Paste)]

6063 Aluminum Coil for Commercial Vehicle Floor,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[High Quality Electronic Circuit Board Supplier PCB Assembly]

6063 Aluminum Coil for Commercial Vehicle Floor, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:1200X1000X810 Strong Collapsible Plastic Containers for Storage, Part I.Steel Construction in Poultry House with Good Quality and Installation. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[70L Lab Use Refrigerated Circulator Chiller Factory Price]

Surface Mounted LED T5 Linear Batten Lamp 0.6m 7W with Switch 3000K Warm White, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),10PCS/ Box Golden Silver Fishing Sequins Metal Lure Tackle.Stone Cracking Rock Cutting Cement, 175-184[New Product Automatic Powder Machine for Filling and Packing Spices]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Duplex Stainless Steel Floating Ball Valve]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),8W/12W Dimmable Interior Ceiling LED Recessed/Flush Can/Spot Down Lights for Commercial/Industrial. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Flexible Vj Rigid Shaft Coupling for Pipe Flange]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

10HP Mobile Ducted Air Conditioning for Outdoor Sports Meeting TentsAuthor for correspondence