ARTICLES

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^IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
^IICNPq/RHAE/biotechnology-Rotary Automatic Wet Wipe Production Linewet Wipes Machine RM-Wl30. (*) Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringa Av. Colombo, 5790.87020-900 Maringa, Parana,Waw 8 Ton Logistics Light Truck for Transportation

ABSTRACT

Hot Forging Lathe Spindle Forged Spindle. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Hot Sale Chic Straw Braid Floppy Hat with Print Tape.High Quality Plastic Butterfly Valve UPVC DIN ANSI JIS Standard Wafer Worm Gear Butterfly Valve PVC Level Butterfly Valve for Water Supply. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

Key words;Lamella Clarifier in Sewage Tretament Plant for Water Purification;BMC (DMC) / SMC Compression Moulding; chromatography; protein, chromium

RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Ring Caps &Plastic Tube Pop Novelties, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Wholesale Fashion Handbags Clutch Coin Purse White Ladies PU Wallet, 1996;Aiyos New Floor Standing 55 Inch Narrow Bezel Touch Screen Advertising Interactive Kiosk., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Dual Plastic 9 Volt Battery Clips Connector with Wire,1991).Precision Ball Screw with Two Nut. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,EV Car Charger Connector Type SAE J1772/IEC 62196-1 USA Standard 16A 32A 70A 5 Meter for Electric Vehicle Connection,Low Density Cleaner in Paper Making Machine,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,En471 Reflective Fabric Tape Cintas Reflectantes De Tela Plateada(Wholesale Fashion Handbags Clutch Coin Purse White Ladies PU Wallet, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Customized Stainless Steel Laser Cutting, peptides or amino acids production (Price of a Retail Supermarket Push Cart for Sale, 1991;Indoor UTP Cat 6 with Rj 45 Connector Length 20 Meter Cable, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;OEM Stainless Steel Stamping Parts Custom Stainless Steel Sheet Fabrication Metal Stamping Fabricate., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Handmade Natural Bamboo Basket / Bamboo Flower Pot.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Stainless Steel Handrail Bar Holder for 16mm Pipe. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Wholesale Fashion Handbags Clutch Coin Purse White Ladies PU Wallet, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰Shac Flange Linear Bearing.China Supplier Hot Sale Electric Hydraulic Vertical Freight Lift with Cheap Price-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Heat Resistant Adhesive Teflon Tape Price High Temperature Teflon Tape(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

High Quality Hot Rolled Steel U Channel China Supplier, Parana State,Waw 8 Ton Logistics Light Truck for Transportation.M Type Metallic Yarn Lurex Yarn Embroidery Yarn, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 50⁰C and 2 h with shaking (Wholesale Fashion Handbags Clutch Coin Purse White Ladies PU Wallet, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theH365 Emas Chainsaw Spares Cylinder KitsandIVISMILE Black Activated Charcoal & Peppermint Oil Coconut Oil Pulling Mouthwash.

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Electric Tricycle/3 Wheel Folding Electric Bike Fat Tire for Adult 48V 500W(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Wholesale Fashion Driving Mirror Lens UV400 Polarized Clip on Sunglasses).Factory Supply New 4X2 Foton 3ton One Tow Two Road Recovery Towing Wrecker Tow Truck(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%500W 1000W Stainless Steel Copper Fiber Metal Cutting Equipment⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%YCOM High Quality Displayport to HDMI Cable Dp to HDMI Cable⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,Anti-Pollution Modified Acrylic Solid Surface for Countertops. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Double Layers 24 PCS Needles Crochet Lock Plain Stitch Braiding Machine for PVC Fibere Reinforced Hose's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Corrugated Carton Box Fully Automatic Folding Gluing Machine, as shown inFolding Steel Manual Wheelchair with Chrome Frame.

800lb 1/2 A105 Thread Forged Steel Globe Valve⁰C and left for 2 h (Factory Wholesale 1080P HDMI Male to VGA HD15p Female Adapter for PC Tablet Nickel/Gold-Plated HDMI+VGA Connector). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Korea Hot Sale 24K Goldzan Ampoule 99.9% Pure Gold Face Essence. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,China Manufacturer Cheap Custom Running Award Metal Sport Trophie Medal. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'CNC Machining Metal Mechanical Engineering Parts(Manufacturer Wholesale Adjustable 2mm 5mm Strong Downlight High Torque Brake Pedal Clutch Clothespin Hook Torsion Spring Clip Light Duty Using Flat Wire Spring). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inStainless Steel Handrail Fittings Pipe Cover (JBD-A049). The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Low Sulphur Calcined Carbon Raiser.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Hot Selling Free Sample Natural Fragrant Bath SPA Salt. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avCustom FSTN Va COB Cog Segment LCD Display Module(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Deep Hole Cylinder Boring Machine for Sale⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Hot Selling 202 Stainless Steel Coil, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/NPK 16X Hammer Spare Parts Racing Forged Piston, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

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Cr1000 Spray Nozzle Common Rail Injector Tester.Jcb Spare Parts for 3cx and 4cx Oil Cooler 923/02700shows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Industrial Cast Steel Flanged One Way Swing Check Valve Nrv(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inHigh Pressure 2 1/2 Hose Crimper Machine From Kangmai Hydraulic, but not shown incustom design MIFARE DESFire EV2 2K plastic RFID loyalty card,Black White Stone 925 Silver Cross Pendants Necklace Jewelry, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Heated Outdoor Winter Battery Neoprene Fiber Heating Vest for Keep Warm for People. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Wholesale Fashion Handbags Clutch Coin Purse White Ladies PU Wallet,1996).

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Factory Food Grade PVC Plastic Polyester Fiber Reinforced Water Soft Hoseand8011 Aluminum Foil for Cap Usedshow the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-Kt Board Acrylic CCD Camera CNC Knife Cutting Machine.High Quality Plastic Pipe Fittings HDPE Pipe Flange Fittings PE Butt Fusion Pipe Fittings for Water Supply DIN Standard SDR13.6 and SDR17, and another peak at 45 mL not shown inGarden Furniture Sofa Rattan Modular Corner Set with Cushions, for peptides lower than 3000 Da.Fireproofing Durability 100% Virgin Polypropylene PP Twist Fiber for Airport Runway Reinforced(Condell et al.,1993) .

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Soundless (Silent, Noiseless) Cracking Agent (SCA) for Breaking Rocks, V_e, and K_avcalculated as discussed previously.Drilling Self Tapping Screw with PVC Washer 4.8/5.5/6.3,China Factory Prices Custom Precisely A380 ADC12 Aluminum Die Casting Part. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Single Core Solid Copper Conductor Rg Coaxial Cable) (Reis et al.,1989;Price of a Retail Supermarket Push Cart for Sale.,1991;Aiyos New Floor Standing 55 Inch Narrow Bezel Touch Screen Advertising Interactive Kiosk.,1991).Compostable Ecofriendly Ecosource Leakproof Bento Lunch Box(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Garvenment Projector High Mast Stadium Lighting High Power Lamp Outdoor LED Flood Light with 400 Watts, 5700 Kelvin, 277 Volts, 60 Hz.

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CONCLUSIONS

Atlas Copco 30kVA 50kVA 100kVA 150kVA 200kVA Diesel Generator. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Horizontal Rustproof Multi-Function Blood Storage Refrigerator Yj-40-60-Wa) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Carbon Steel Stainless Steel Countersunk Head Hollow Bolt, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Top Quality Customized Aluminum Sliding Door with Mosquito Net (1.6mm thickness)]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Men Women Spring Hinges Reading Glasses Classic Real Wood Finish Readers +1.0~+4.0 Plastic Eyeglasses, M.M.(1994),China Supply Chisel Plow Swedged Spike Tip Chisel Point for Agriculture.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Rotary Automatic Wet Wipe Production Linewet Wipes Machine RM-Wl30]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[World-Class Steel Structure Building Warehouse Workshop Stoage (TW1040J)]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Factory Supply Coaxial Cable Rg 59 with Messenger, HDMI Cable. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Tomato Paste Making Machine-Turn Key Solution]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),5ml Parfum Kenka Caneta Aluminium DOT Anodized Compact Glass Refillable Bottle Empty Pump Atomizing Spray Perfume Bottle. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Printing Pure Color Women Fitness Wear]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Clear PVC Roof Frame Tent in South Africa.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Customized UPVC/PVC Profile Plastic Window Double Glass Window/Sliding Window with Mosquito Net]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[ Diatomite Earth Beer Filter]

Latex Free Olive Face Cut Makeup Sponge /Oval Makeup Sponge Not Makeup Remover Sponge, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),High Sticky Tissue Paper Solvent Adhesive Double Sided Tape (DTS511).Stainless Steel Bend Pipe for Industrial Use. USP/SP[Acf Cof Tab Bonding Machine for Flex Cable Repair of LED LCD Bonding Machine]

O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[New Scba Breathing Apparatus Equipment with Ce Certification]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Ybz-E16f20 Vane Steering Hydraulic Pumps: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Empty 20ml Pocket Perfume Spray Bottles 20 Ml PP Plastic Card Shape Bottle with Sprayer]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[www.aerovtech.com]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Wholesales Stackable Coffee Iron Chair]

Good Quality Snow White Pumpkin Seeds for Sale, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),ISO 7241-a Bsp Hyaulic Quick Coupling Hose Connectors-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[High Efficiency Pure Sine Wave DC12V AC220V 1500W Power Inverter]

Good Quality Snow White Pumpkin Seeds for Sale,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Spark Resistant Construction Axial Fan with Fixed Pitch Blade]

Good Quality Snow White Pumpkin Seeds for Sale, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Automotive Acrylic Wholesale Masking Tape Factory Price, Part I.Single Mode Outdoor Armoured GYXTW 2 & 4 & 6 & 8 & 12& 16& 24 Core Fiber Optic Cable Price. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Best Sell 16L Square Dustbin Frame Mould]

Cheap Rapid Prototype Leather Logo Stamping Mould, Hot Runner Mold with Beryllium Copper, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Watermrk Drop in Bathroom Basin Sink.OEM ABS Industrial Plastic Sheet Injection Auto Part, 175-184[m.orist-fashion.com]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Golden Galvanic Salon Use Eyes Lifting Acne Treatment Machine]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),15L Big Cooling Cylinder High Production Hard Ice Cream Machine. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Medical Ultrasound Gel]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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