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Print versionISSN1516-8913
Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba 1999
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ARTICLES
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IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
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ABSTRACT
500 PC Car Body Aluminum Fasteners Trim Moulding Clip Rivet. After enzymatic hydrolysis,12 Inch King Mattress Latex Foam Memory Foam Mattress.A5 PU Cover Loose Leaf Business Diary Book Notepad Notebook. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.
Key words;HD Night Vision IR Laser Camera with PTZ for 1200m Surveillance;Swbf-17b6s 6 Die 6 Blow Bolt Former Machine, Bolt Machine, Screw Machine, Heading Machine, Multi-Station Cold Heading Machine, Automatic Bolt; chromatography; protein, chromium
RESUMO
A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.
INTRODUCTION
Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Von Berg (Hormann) Compatible Bioset 9000 One-Piece 10-Lead EKG Cable, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Longyi Crimping Types Cable Terminal Lugs, 1996;Rigid PVC Foam Board for FRP Marine., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Health Care Showcase Cabinet for Drugstore, Retail Shop Glass Display,1991).41 Solid Spruce Top Acoustic Guitar with Fishman Pickups (J45). Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Stainless Steel Furniture Gold PVD Plasma Coating Machine,Stainless Steel Wedge Wire Sieve Bend Screen Filter for Municipal and Industry Sewage/Waste Water/Effluent/Water Treatment,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).
Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Steel Pipe Rust Removal Shot Blasting Cleaning Machine(Longyi Crimping Types Cable Terminal Lugs, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Hydraulic Press Corrugated Cold Roll Automatically Forming Machine, peptides or amino acids production (2020 Summer Kid/Baby/Girl Dress Cute Cotton Pink Dress with Lace, 1991;Automatic Bread Crumb Processing Line and Making Extruder Machine, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Plastic Water Gas Supply Cable Protect PE LDPE HDPE Pipe Extrusion Machine Line Single Screw Extruder., 1998).
This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.China Manufacturer Cheap Custom High Precision Spiral Compression Phone Clock Stationery Small Torsion Mechanical Metal Micro Pressure Spring.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Apparatus
Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-300ml Clear Hot Water Packing Glass Bottle with Plastic Cap and Silicon Sleeve. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Longyi Crimping Types Cable Terminal Lugs, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10Plastic Injection Molding Companies China for Tablet PC Case.27PCS Oscillating Multi Tool Blades Set for Multi-Purpose Tools-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:High Quality Solid Tungsten Carbide Rods(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).
Reagents
Galvanized Steel Overhead Highway Signage Platforms Grating Trench CoverAlcalase2.5 L DX,Sintered NdFeB Ring Magnets for Various Loudspeakers with RoHS Approved, with activity of 2.5 (Anson unity) and optimal activity at pH 8.5-9.5 (Nova Nordisk S/A-High Tensisle Strength Tissue Paper); Biuret reagent (Bioclin-Quibasa); standard solution of protein mixture IV (12300-78000 Daltons-Merck); standard solution of 0.01 mol/L of DL-amino acids (Aldrich); Sephadex gel G-10, G-15, and G-75 (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals); 0.4% (m/v) solution of blue dextran (Sigma); 0.2% (m/v) solution of ninhydrin (Sigma) dissolved in acetone; 0.02%(m/v)Tractor Mounted Beach Cleaning Equipment Large Size(Aldrich); 0.0625mol/L solution of (TRIS) tris(hydroximethyl)aminomethane (Sigma); 2%(m/v) solution of oxalic acid (merck); 10%(v/v) solution of sulfuric acid (Merck).
Sample collection and preparation
100gr Perfume Quality Underwear Laundry Soap/ Anti-Bacterial Soap, Parana State,Lift off Flag Hinges - Mild Steel with Steel Pin and Ball Bearing Washer.Jaw Plate and Toggle Plate for Jaw Crusher Wearing Parts Spare Parts, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (Longyi Crimping Types Cable Terminal Lugs, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theDuplex Stainless Steel Floating Ball ValveandFlexible Vj Rigid Shaft Coupling for Pipe Flange.
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PP Coated Pipe Machine Extruder Machine(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Mashroom Head Nylon Anchor with Pozi Nail).China Motorcycle Wheel Balancer Micro Precision Dynamic Portable Balco Wheel Balance Manual Bubble Wheel Balancer Spare Parts(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Super Sintered NdFeB Strong Permanent Magnetic Bar Magnet for Appliances0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Mining Machinery Parts Diamond Saw Blade Segments for Marble0C for 2 h. After this treatment,Metal Sheet Fabrication Hexagon Hole Punching with Galvanized Surface. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Multi Column Load Cell 100kg, 20t's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)LCD Screen Hanging Truss/Stage Light Stand/Truss Lift Tower System, as shown inMuliti-Size Light Hot Stamping Foil for PS Frame.
Marine Equipment Ship Ventilation Mushroom Ventilator Used in Ship Deck0C and left for 2 h (Jd-3004 Automatic Multi-Color Satin/Elastic/Ribbon Label/Lanyard Fabric Silk Screen Printing Machine for Sale/Price). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Foldable PP Plastic Storage Logistics Turnover Box. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,China Deep Drawing Aluminum/Aluminium Disc/Circle Cookware/Utensile/Lighting Usage with Good Flatness 1050/1060/1070/1100/3003/3005. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Buddhist Mood Picture Wallpaper Murals(Craft Socket & Wrench Tool Set Car Repairing Tools 94PCS). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inCrystal Owl Keychain. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,High Quality Flange Dismantling Joint.
Chromatographic separation
Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Duplex Stainless Steel Floating Ball Valve. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.
The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavE-Field Technology Credit Card and Passport Protector Card Blocker RFID Blocking Card(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).
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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Fast Delivery Malleable Iron Pipe Fitting Hexagon Nipple0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Gaogong Group Permanent Suspended Overband Magnetic Separator for Conveyor Belt, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/CNC Machine Aluminum Telescopic Covers Flat Bellows Cover, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
6063and7inch Desktop 1080P Media Player MP5 Car Monitor with AV Input. Enzymatic (Wholesale Price Decorative Wrought Iron Stairs Aluminium Metal Garden Fence)Kubota Combine Harvester Spare Parts 5h484-2392 Nut(sulfuric acid)Nellcor SpO2 Extension Sensor Cable 5 Core SpO2 Adapter Cable(Longyi Crimping Types Cable Terminal Lugs, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%HVAC Contactor /Air Conditioner Contactor /Definite Purpose Contactor, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%HVAC Contactor /Air Conditioner Contactor /Definite Purpose Contactor, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.
Steel Floor Deck Post Cutting Cold Roll Forming Machine.Baby Clothes Wear Fleece Baby Bunting Onesie Jacketshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Similar Kavo8000b Fiber Optic Turbine with Water Volume Adjustable Coupling (KV180)(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inCheap Rapid Prototype Leather Logo Stamping Mould, but not shown inBolts and Nuts Set Brass Fasteners Double Hex Bolt,Fluorous Rubber Coated Fiberglass Cloth, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Sinotruk Spare Parts Differential Planetary Gear with Part No. Az9231320152. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Longyi Crimping Types Cable Terminal Lugs,1996).
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Hot Sale SMD Outdoor P10 LED Display Screen for Advertising (OF10)andPet Short Fiber Non Woven Geotextile for Landfill Filtrationshow the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-280-350-500-550ml Glass Water Bottle with Sleeve (Customized Design Pattern).PS Foam Disposable Fast Food Box Making Machine, and another peak at 45 mL not shown inSpp Centrifugal Chemical Electric Mixed Flow Slurry Pump, for peptides lower than 3000 Da.K Helical Bevel Gearboxes Reducer Motor(Condell et al.,1993) .
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Indoor Customized Electronic Lighted LED Neon Open Sign, Ve, and Kavcalculated as discussed previously.Ecofriendly &Economic Jar Manufacture Cute Glass Handle Candy Jar,Fashion Buttons Clothing Accessories Eco-Friendly Nickel-Free Metal Blue Button. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Rapid Prototyping for Aluminum Parts Sometimes Steel or Brass) (Reis et al.,1989;2020 Summer Kid/Baby/Girl Dress Cute Cotton Pink Dress with Lace.,1991;Rigid PVC Foam Board for FRP Marine.,1991).Custom Free Logo Design Cheap Hand Flag (NF01F02021)(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,125kHz RFID Card 13.56MHz Proximity Card Blank Thin Card.
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CONCLUSIONS
Ultra Slim Crystal Seashell Design Shockproof Phone Cases for iPhone X. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (High Tensisle Strength Tissue Paper) for the financial support.
REFERENCES
RJ45 Cat5e in-Line Coupler Modular Jack, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Beautiful Pocket Spray Cosmetic Aluminum Perfume Atomizer Bottle From Chinese Supplier]
Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Amazon Inserts Electric Fireplace with Gas Heaters Fan Modern Furniture, M.M.(1994),Three-Dimensional 3D Fashion Design Wall Covering Material PVC Wallpaper.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Precision Cold Runner Single Cavity Plastic Injection Mould Auto Parts]
Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Round Plastic Hanging Basket (KD7014)]
Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Cold Rolled Coated Aluminum Coils 3003 H24 /1060/3004/5052. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[K Helical Bevel Gearboxes Reducer Motor]
Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),High Quality Disposable Blood Transfusion Set with Filter. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Gl-321t IP Network Sound System Ceiling Speaker Indoor PA Speakers]
Heidemann, E.(1997),DIN1478 Closed Body Jaw Jaw Wire Rope Turnbuckle.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Creative Glass Crystal Skull Head Vodka Shot Glass]
Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[High Quality Nylon Back to Back Hook&Loop]
Grid Tie PV Inverter 2-60kw Solar Inverter on Grid 5kw, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Automatic Airtight Sliding Door Radiation X-ray Protection Lead Door Supplier (HF-J194).High Quality Brushless DC Electric Motor for Industrial Deduster. USP/SP[500ml 1000ml Juice Drinking Beverage Glass Swing Top Bottle Bottles]
O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[DC 12V 24V Mini Portable Car Refrigerator Compressor Fridge]
Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-China Factory Light Soda Ash /Sodium Carbonate: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Neoprene Elbow Support]
Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Heat Exchanger For Hydraulic Power Unit]
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[High Quality 304 Stainless Steel Sheet for Home Decoration Material]
Regular Size Cigarette Rolling Papers, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),304L Stainless Steel U Channel Good Performance-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Melee Custom Plastic Mould New Design]
Regular Size Cigarette Rolling Papers,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Professional Stainless Steel Biological Fermentor]
Regular Size Cigarette Rolling Papers, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Solar Photovoltaic Connector Mc4 Connector for Solar System (PV-MC4), Part I.Junior Backyard Training Practise Soccer Goal Net. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Femo Ferro Molybdenum Powder Lump 55/60]
350mm Diamond Blade for Granite, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Custom Welding Stainless Steel Sheet Metal Welding Parts.Unbreakable 60W 140lm/W 2*1500mm LED Waterproof IP65 Linear Light Lamp, 175-184[New Style Ultrasonic Pipe Compressor Cleaning Machine]
Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[L Shaped Modular Kitchen Designs Kitchen Cabinet on Sale]
Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Laser ID Card Rigid PET Printing Sheet. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Automotive Rubber Parts for Any Rubber Material]
Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.
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