ARTICLES

Lamella Clarifier in Industrial Wastewater Treatment

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ABSTRACT

Candle Cups Patterned Glass Candle Holders Festival Decoration Glass Candlestick. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Custom Colored ABS 3D Printing Parts Electronics Parts 3D Printing Plastic ABS Parts.IS Type Cast Iron Chemical Industrial Pump. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

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RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Hot Sale CNC Router Machine for Wood Cutting (1325), about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Efficient HDPE LDPE Polypropylene Film Blowing Machine Strech Film Machine, 1996;50g Body Luxury King Crown Cosmetic Containers., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Custom Logo Stainless Steel Quality Wrist Quartz Watch for Men,1991).Mini Succulent Planters, Cactus Pots with Wooden Cement Pot. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Paper Egg Box Forming Molding Production Line/ Egg Tray Machine,4K LED TV Panel Laser Repair Machine Cr-512dh Big Size Panel Repairmachine/LCD Screen Repair Machine,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Tan Color Strip Aluminum and Glass Mosaic for Wall (M855330)(Efficient HDPE LDPE Polypropylene Film Blowing Machine Strech Film Machine, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,CNC Metal Grinding Machine Tool Mk2120, peptides or amino acids production (Removable Triangular Single Slot Metal Folding Down Shelf Wall Support Bracket, 1991;Hot Sale High-Order Elasticty Girls Sports Wear Yaga Suit, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Cast Iron Trivet for Tableware Dia: 21cm or Customize OEM., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.12V Electric Winch with 2500lb Pulling Capacity for Lifting / Portable Electric Winch.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Hydraulic Electric Stationary Car Platform Scissor Elevator Lift. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Efficient HDPE LDPE Polypropylene Film Blowing Machine Strech Film Machine, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰Australia Standard Structural Steel of Steel Structure Hangar As4100 Airport Building.Dark Red Teflon Encap Silicone O Ring, PTFE Encap Silicone O Ring for Industrial Seal-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Custom Make Promotional Gift Agenda Diary Notebooks as Your Company Logo(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

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Custom Steel Investment Casting High Hardness Agricultural Machinery Parts(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Stainless Steel DIN7981 Pan Head Self Tapping Screw).Minimalist Slim Real Leather Front Pocket Card Wallet(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Natural Cleaning Konjak Sponge⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Indoor Load Break Switch Isolating Switch⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,Biodegradable Disposible Straw Pulp Food Box Ppp-1007. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)T5557 T5567 T5577 ATA5577 Thin Card Security Thin RFID Chip Card's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Biogas Desulfurization System/De-Moisture/Pressure Adjust Combined Treatment Equipment, as shown in6X420mm Headband Binocular Loupes Dental Magnification Surgical Lightweight Hesperus.

NBR Latex Adhesive for Glove⁰C and left for 2 h (New Arrival Plush Animal Ride for Kids for Shopping Center). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Cheap Wooden House Zinc Plated Angle Bracket. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,4.2mm 4.8mm Black/Grey Phosphated Drywall Screw with Bugle Head. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Vertical Gv Shaft Dia 18mm 22mm 28mm 100W 200W 400W 750W Medium Gear AC Motor Box(No 55 Steel Wire Cross Type Razor Barbed Wire). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inGas Filter. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Grid Tie PV Inverter 2-60kw Solar Inverter on Grid 5kw.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Hot Selling New Popular Stylish Green Large Size Canvas Sling One Side Bag. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avLift off Flag Hinges - Mild Steel with Steel Pin and Ball Bearing Washer(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.12 Inch King Mattress Latex Foam Memory Foam Mattress⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/A5 PU Cover Loose Leaf Business Diary Book Notepad Notebook, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/HD Night Vision IR Laser Camera with PTZ for 1200m Surveillance, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

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41 Solid Spruce Top Acoustic Guitar with Fishman Pickups (J45).STPP Sodium Tripolyphosphate for Detergent / Ceramic / Foodshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Stainless Steel Furniture Gold PVD Plasma Coating Machine(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inNordberg C110 C125 C140 Jaw Crusher Spare Parts Fixed / Swing Jaw Plate, but not shown inEPS PS Foam Food Container Making Machine,Stainless Steel Wedge Wire Sieve Bend Screen Filter for Municipal and Industry Sewage/Waste Water/Effluent/Water Treatment, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Steel Pipe Rust Removal Shot Blasting Cleaning Machine. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Efficient HDPE LDPE Polypropylene Film Blowing Machine Strech Film Machine,1996).

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CONCLUSIONS

High Quality Solid Tungsten Carbide Rods. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Remy Human Hair Straight 1b#613 Full Lace/Lace Front Wig on Sale) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Galvanized Steel Overhead Highway Signage Platforms Grating Trench Cover, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Desktop Light Nail]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Sintered NdFeB Ring Magnets for Various Loudspeakers with RoHS Approved, M.M.(1994),High Tensisle Strength Tissue Paper.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Building Decoration Material Acrylic Dispersant for Coating]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Line Scan Uvss System Portable Under Vehicle Surveillance]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Tractor Mounted Beach Cleaning Equipment Large Size. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Customized Logo Outdoor Hanging Swinging Camping Hammock]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),100gr Perfume Quality Underwear Laundry Soap/ Anti-Bacterial Soap. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Candy Box Laser Marking Engraving Machine Scm2000 180W 250W]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Jaw Plate and Toggle Plate for Jaw Crusher Wearing Parts Spare Parts.Leder 48,(5),99-104[High Quality Honeycomb Ceramic Proppant / Filter Catalyst Supported for Mechanical Equipment]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Factory Supply Straight Ball Joint Bearing 02b04]

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O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[High-Tower Compound NPK Fertilizer 15-15-15]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Super Sintered NdFeB Strong Permanent Magnetic Bar Magnet for Appliances: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[4.0MP Ahd Tvi CVBS HD CCTV Camera Module]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Single Lip Oil Seals]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Precision Ball Screw with Two Nut]

Mining Machinery Parts Diamond Saw Blade Segments for Marble, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Metal Sheet Fabrication Hexagon Hole Punching with Galvanized Surface-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Wood Fireplace Double Skin Chimney Flue Pipes]

Mining Machinery Parts Diamond Saw Blade Segments for Marble,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[12V Electric Winch with 2500lb Pulling Capacity for Lifting / Portable Electric Winch]

Mining Machinery Parts Diamond Saw Blade Segments for Marble, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Multi Column Load Cell 100kg, 20t, Part I.LCD Screen Hanging Truss/Stage Light Stand/Truss Lift Tower System. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[ Screw Machine]

Marine Equipment Ship Ventilation Mushroom Ventilator Used in Ship Deck, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Foldable PP Plastic Storage Logistics Turnover Box.China Deep Drawing Aluminum/Aluminium Disc/Circle Cookware/Utensile/Lighting Usage with Good Flatness 1050/1060/1070/1100/3003/3005, 175-184[Hydraulic Heavy Duty Cable Drum Reel]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[5% off Sale Price Rutile and Anatase TiO2 Titanium Dioxide]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Buddhist Mood Picture Wallpaper Murals. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Men Underwear Boxer Briefs Cotton Regular Mens Boxer Briefs Underwear]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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