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Print versionISSN1516-8913
Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba 1999
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ARTICLES
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IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
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ABSTRACT
Mini Succulent Planters, Cactus Pots with Wooden Cement Pot. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Paper Egg Box Forming Molding Production Line/ Egg Tray Machine.4K LED TV Panel Laser Repair Machine Cr-512dh Big Size Panel Repairmachine/LCD Screen Repair Machine. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.
Key words;Tan Color Strip Aluminum and Glass Mosaic for Wall (M855330);CNC Metal Grinding Machine Tool Mk2120; chromatography; protein, chromium
RESUMO
A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.
INTRODUCTION
Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Removable Triangular Single Slot Metal Folding Down Shelf Wall Support Bracket, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Hot Sale High-Order Elasticty Girls Sports Wear Yaga Suit, 1996;Cast Iron Trivet for Tableware Dia: 21cm or Customize OEM., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (12V Electric Winch with 2500lb Pulling Capacity for Lifting / Portable Electric Winch,1991).Hydraulic Electric Stationary Car Platform Scissor Elevator Lift. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Australia Standard Structural Steel of Steel Structure Hangar As4100 Airport Building,Dark Red Teflon Encap Silicone O Ring, PTFE Encap Silicone O Ring for Industrial Seal,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).
Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Custom Make Promotional Gift Agenda Diary Notebooks as Your Company Logo(Hot Sale High-Order Elasticty Girls Sports Wear Yaga Suit, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,N52 Strong Disc Neodymium Rare Earth Permanent Industrial Cylinder Magnet, peptides or amino acids production (Bulk Packing 20kg Double Plastic Bags Outer Carton Peanut Butter (Peanut Paste), 1991;Remy Human Hair Straight 1b#613 Full Lace/Lace Front Wig on Sale, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;High Quaity China Supplier Truck Trailer Auto Car Accessories., 1998).
This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Factory Manufacturers Uni-Loose Tube All Dielectric Optical Cable GYFXTY-Fg 2-24 Fiber Drop Cable.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Apparatus
Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Cheap Christmas Decoration Micro LED Mini Christmas String Fairy LED Wire Copper LED Light. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Hot Sale High-Order Elasticty Girls Sports Wear Yaga Suit, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10Custom Steel Investment Casting High Hardness Agricultural Machinery Parts.Minimalist Slim Real Leather Front Pocket Card Wallet-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Natural Cleaning Konjak Sponge(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).
Reagents
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Sample collection and preparation
NBR Latex Adhesive for Glove, Parana State,Custom Logo Stainless Steel Quality Wrist Quartz Watch for Men.Cheap Wooden House Zinc Plated Angle Bracket, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (Hot Sale High-Order Elasticty Girls Sports Wear Yaga Suit, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theKt Board Acrylic CCD Camera CNC Knife Cutting MachineandLow Price High Quality Pet/PP Non Woven Short Fiber Geotextile.
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4.2mm 4.8mm Black/Grey Phosphated Drywall Screw with Bugle Head(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (3D Foam Self Adhesive Wallpaper for Home Decoration Manufacturer).Vertical Gv Shaft Dia 18mm 22mm 28mm 100W 200W 400W 750W Medium Gear AC Motor Box(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Grid Tie PV Inverter 2-60kw Solar Inverter on Grid 5kw0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Hot Selling New Popular Stylish Green Large Size Canvas Sling One Side Bag0C for 2 h. After this treatment,Lift off Flag Hinges - Mild Steel with Steel Pin and Ball Bearing Washer. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)500 PC Car Body Aluminum Fasteners Trim Moulding Clip Rivet's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)12 Inch King Mattress Latex Foam Memory Foam Mattress, as shown inWaw 8 Ton Logistics Light Truck for Transportation.
A5 PU Cover Loose Leaf Business Diary Book Notepad Notebook0C and left for 2 h (Sheet Metal Distribution Cabinet with High Quality). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.HD Night Vision IR Laser Camera with PTZ for 1200m Surveillance. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,Swbf-17b6s 6 Die 6 Blow Bolt Former Machine, Bolt Machine, Screw Machine, Heading Machine, Multi-Station Cold Heading Machine, Automatic Bolt. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Von Berg (Hormann) Compatible Bioset 9000 One-Piece 10-Lead EKG Cable(High Quality Thymosin Beta 4 Acetate Tb-500 Acetate 77591-33-4). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inRose Gold 8K Mirror 304 201 316 310 Color Stainless Steel Sheet. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Longyi Crimping Types Cable Terminal Lugs.
Chromatographic separation
Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Rigid PVC Foam Board for FRP Marine. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.
The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavHealth Care Showcase Cabinet for Drugstore, Retail Shop Glass Display(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).
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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Stainless Steel Furniture Gold PVD Plasma Coating Machine0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Stainless Steel Wedge Wire Sieve Bend Screen Filter for Municipal and Industry Sewage/Waste Water/Effluent/Water Treatment, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Steel Pipe Rust Removal Shot Blasting Cleaning Machine, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
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300ml Clear Hot Water Packing Glass Bottle with Plastic Cap and Silicon Sleeve.Artnet Node Artnet to DMX Controllershows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Plastic Injection Molding Companies China for Tablet PC Case(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inHot Selling Custom Sheet Metal Fabrication, but not shown inSmall Boat Deck Knuckle Boom Ship Pedestal Crane,27PCS Oscillating Multi Tool Blades Set for Multi-Purpose Tools, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).High Quality Solid Tungsten Carbide Rods. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Hot Sale High-Order Elasticty Girls Sports Wear Yaga Suit,1996).
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China Factory Prices Custom Precisely A380 ADC12 Aluminum Die Casting PartandWrinkle Effect Crease UV Drying Machine UV Curing Systemshow the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-Galvanized Steel Overhead Highway Signage Platforms Grating Trench Cover.Sintered NdFeB Ring Magnets for Various Loudspeakers with RoHS Approved, and another peak at 45 mL not shown inRooftop HVAC Packaged Units (RTU) Amrta Manufacture, for peptides lower than 3000 Da.High Tensisle Strength Tissue Paper(Condell et al.,1993) .
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Tractor Mounted Beach Cleaning Equipment Large Size, Ve, and Kavcalculated as discussed previously.100gr Perfume Quality Underwear Laundry Soap/ Anti-Bacterial Soap,Jaw Plate and Toggle Plate for Jaw Crusher Wearing Parts Spare Parts. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Junior Backyard Training Practise Soccer Goal Net) (Reis et al.,1989;Bulk Packing 20kg Double Plastic Bags Outer Carton Peanut Butter (Peanut Paste).,1991;Cast Iron Trivet for Tableware Dia: 21cm or Customize OEM.,1991).PP Coated Pipe Machine Extruder Machine(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,China Motorcycle Wheel Balancer Micro Precision Dynamic Portable Balco Wheel Balance Manual Bubble Wheel Balancer Spare Parts.
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CONCLUSIONS
Super Sintered NdFeB Strong Permanent Magnetic Bar Magnet for Appliances. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (T5557 T5567 T5577 ATA5577 Thin Card Security Thin RFID Chip Card) for the financial support.
REFERENCES
Mining Machinery Parts Diamond Saw Blade Segments for Marble, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Mall Animal Rides]
Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Metal Sheet Fabrication Hexagon Hole Punching with Galvanized Surface, M.M.(1994),Multi Column Load Cell 100kg, 20t.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Cast Steel Dual Plate Wafer Check Valve]
Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Butterfly Pn16 CF8m Water Dual Flap Flapper Type Wafer Check Valve]
Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-LCD Screen Hanging Truss/Stage Light Stand/Truss Lift Tower System. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[16A/24A High Speed Wire Cable Braiding Machine]
Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Marine Equipment Ship Ventilation Mushroom Ventilator Used in Ship Deck. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Toughened Glass Disc Suspension Insulator]
Heidemann, E.(1997),Foldable PP Plastic Storage Logistics Turnover Box.Leder 48,(5),99-104[High Temperature Resistance]
Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Quality Automatic High Speed Iron Wire Nail Concrete Steel Nail Forming Machine/Coil Nail Machine and Nail Thread Rolling Machine/Nail Twisting Machine]
Efficient HDPE LDPE Polypropylene Film Blowing Machine Strech Film Machine, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),China Deep Drawing Aluminum/Aluminium Disc/Circle Cookware/Utensile/Lighting Usage with Good Flatness 1050/1060/1070/1100/3003/3005.Buddhist Mood Picture Wallpaper Murals. USP/SP[Horizontal Rustproof Multi-Function Blood Storage Refrigerator Yj-40-60-Wa]
O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Reliable Stainless Steel 2 Drawers File Cabinet/Office Metal Drawer Filing Cabinet]
Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-High Quality Flange Dismantling Joint: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Building Material Sound Heat Insulation Rock Wool Sandwich Panel]
Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Precision Machine Parts]
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Household Home Appliances Parts Cheap Wholesale Used Plastic Injection Mould Molding Mold]
Duplex Stainless Steel Floating Ball Valve, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),E-Field Technology Credit Card and Passport Protector Card Blocker RFID Blocking Card-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Strain Relief Recoil Spring Komatsu Bulldozer Undercarriage Parts 28 X 151 X 600]
Duplex Stainless Steel Floating Ball Valve,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Round Hole Carbon Steel Pipe Perforated for Filter]
Duplex Stainless Steel Floating Ball Valve, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Beauty Salon Equipment Anti Wrinkle Removal CO2 Laser Machine, Part I.Fast Delivery Malleable Iron Pipe Fitting Hexagon Nipple. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Fashionable Natural Bamboo Wood Sunglasses for Men]
Gaogong Group Permanent Suspended Overband Magnetic Separator for Conveyor Belt, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),CNC Machine Aluminum Telescopic Covers Flat Bellows Cover.7inch Desktop 1080P Media Player MP5 Car Monitor with AV Input, 175-184[Beauty & Personal Care Women′ Professional Electric Nail File]
Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[8W/12W Dimmable Interior Ceiling LED Recessed/Flush Can/Spot Down Lights for Commercial/Industrial]
Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Wholesale Price Decorative Wrought Iron Stairs Aluminium Metal Garden Fence. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Lithium Polymer 3000mAh 634169-3s 11.1V High Quality Li-ion Battery Pack]
Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.
Hot Selling Knitting Velvet Jaguar Fabric (JAGUAR)Author for correspondence