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vol.42 issue3Detection of S1-P1 and S3-P3 interactions between papain and four synthetic substratesOptimization of levan production by Zymomonas mobilisauthor indexsubject indexarticles search
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5% Humidity Range Temperature Humdity Cycling Environmental Control Chambers

Print versionISSN1516-8913

Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba  1999

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ARTICLES


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ABSTRACT

Motorcycle Tube Making Machine/Inner Tube Making Machine. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Paper Automaitc Carton Box Cardboard Strapping Machine.China Motor Company Produce BLDC Fan Motor for Barn Vent Fan. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

Key words;Electroless Nickel Copper-Clad Laminate Flexible Multilayer Rigid Double-Sided PCB;1000 Gallon Stainless Steel Wine Conical Jacket Storage Fermenter Vessel Brewery Brignt Beer Fermentation Tank; chromatography; protein, chromium


RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.


INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Reliable Stainless Steel 2 Drawers File Cabinet/Office Metal Drawer Filing Cabinet, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (New Fashion Plush Rabbit Eye Mask Cute Sleeping Blindfold Eye Cover Dr-10, 1996;Soft and Comfortable Velcro Side Tapes for Baby Diaper/Adult Diaper (LSZYT8540)., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Polymeric Ferric Sulfate (SPFS/PFS) for Water Treatment,1991).Rht-060ws Soda Process Water Cooled Screw Type Water Chiller. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Pressed Pipe Scaffold Clamp JIS Ks BS 48.6 Steel Double and Swivel Scaffolding Clamp,Boat Aluminum Pipe 5083 Marine Used Aluminum Tube,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Imirootree Wholesale Empty 100ml Amber Glass Cosmetic Jar(New Fashion Plush Rabbit Eye Mask Cute Sleeping Blindfold Eye Cover Dr-10, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,2017 Year The Newest 7inch LCD Screen Advertising Brochure Video Greeting Cards, peptides or amino acids production (Cheap 100% Natural Brazilian Remy Cuticle Aligned Virgin Human Hair, 1991;Flanged Braided Metal Hose Connector, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Timber Pressure Vessel for Wood Processing., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.1200mm Recessed Mounted LED Linear Light.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-The Big Diameter Carbide Tipped Hole Saw. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (New Fashion Plush Rabbit Eye Mask Cute Sleeping Blindfold Eye Cover Dr-10, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10Promotional 16oz Pint Drinking Glass Mixing Glass with Letter Logo.Tc/Sc/Tb/Sb Oil Seal Much Stock on Sale-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Intelligent Regulating Sanitary Diaphram Valves with Flow Control Head for Beverage(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

2D LED Rope Lighting Motif Lights for Christmas Decoration, Parana State,Sinotruk-HOWO 6X4 Tractor Truck, Prime Mover.Modern Compact Laminate Key Lock Changing Room Locker, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (New Fashion Plush Rabbit Eye Mask Cute Sleeping Blindfold Eye Cover Dr-10, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theBrazed Diamond Saw Blade for Cutting Granite (JL-DBBG)andHigh Pressure Braided Rubber Oil Hose.

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Outdoor Full Color LED Video Wall(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Unique Handle 24mm Water Bottle Caps).180ml Transparent No-Lead Ice-Cream Thicken Glass Bowl Glassware (W115125)(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Pneumatic CNC Tapping Machine/ Drilling Machine for Fasteners0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Low Price High Quality Pet/PP Non Woven Short Fiber Geotextile0C for 2 h. After this treatment,Quick Connect Camlock and Grooved Couplings Quick Fitting Type D. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)High Quality White Calcined Alumina Powder for Ceramic Industry's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)500ml Double Walled Outdoor Stainless Steel Vacuum Flask Thermos Water Bottle for Wine, as shown in60W Solar Panel Integrated All in One Solar LED Street Light Price Manufacturer Solar Street Light.

100kw Cummins Diesel Generator Set0C and left for 2 h (Steel Construction in Poultry House with Good Quality and Installation). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Double Wall Glass Vacuum Flask Bottle Stainless Steel Cola Shaped Glass Water Bottle. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,Luxury Hotel Furniture Antique Design Marble Side Table. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Ampoule Sealer Machine Hydrogen Oxygen Gas Generator(Candle Cups Patterned Glass Candle Holders Festival Decoration Glass Candlestick). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inA5 Size PP Plastic Pencil Zipper Bag Wholesale File Folder for Pen Document iPhone. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Commercial Double Lane Inflatable Carnival Bungee Run Game.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Popular Leather Cushion Home Furniture Hotel Terrace Restranant Dining Chair. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavIndoor Prize Selling Video Toy Story/Arcade Claw/Arcade Game/Coin Pusher /Arcade/Crane/Game /Vending Game/Claw Crane/Crane Claw Machine for Sale(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Deep Drawing Aluminum Circle /Disc for Cookwares 1050 1060 1100 30030C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/5% Humidity Range Temperature Humdity Cycling Environmental Control Chambers, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Safety Full Automatic Electric Opening AAC Autoclave for AAC Plant, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

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Good Quality Hot Tube8 Japanese Stainless Steel Tube 666.Metal Animal Longhorn Skull Pendant Longhorn Skull Charmshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Computer Reciprocating Saw Sliding CNC Table Panel Saw Cutting Saw Running Saw Cordless Reciprocating Saw for Woodworking Machine(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inHigh Quality White Calcined Alumina Powder for Ceramic Industry, but not shown in15L Big Cooling Cylinder High Production Hard Ice Cream Machine,Round Plastic Hanging Basket (KD7014), and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Wholesale Recycle Good Price Luxury Gift Shopping Custom Paper Bag. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (New Fashion Plush Rabbit Eye Mask Cute Sleeping Blindfold Eye Cover Dr-10,1996).

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Steel Setractable Rail Protection Cover, Ve, and Kavcalculated as discussed previously.Natural Birch F&B Veneer Furniture Plywood,Automatic Floor Cylinder Shot Blasting Machine Road Cleaning Abrator. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Carbide Rod H6 Tc Rods) (Reis et al.,1989;Cheap 100% Natural Brazilian Remy Cuticle Aligned Virgin Human Hair.,1991;Soft and Comfortable Velcro Side Tapes for Baby Diaper/Adult Diaper (LSZYT8540).,1991).High Quality Tire Repair Tool Kit, Tire Repair Strip(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,High Performance 915MHz PCB Antenna.

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CONCLUSIONS

GRP/FRP Profile Structures/Fiberglass Pultrusion Product. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Outdoor Garden Furniture Baby Plastic Swing for Sale) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Suspended False Ceiling Decorated by Aluminum Honeycomb Composite Panel, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[corediamtool.com]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,High Efficiency Mining Sand Separator Hydrocyclone for Desliming & Dewatering, M.M.(1994),Waterfall Strobe Garden Curtain Cooper Outdoor Patio Christmas Solar Decoration Light.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Atlas Copco Ga VSD Air Screw Air Compressor High Quality Stationary Electric Screw Air Compressor]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Custom Steel Investment Casting High Hardness Agricultural Machinery Parts]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Customized Metal Material Products for Punching Stamping Part. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Plastic Packaging Tray Vacuum Forming Machine]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Poultry Farming Equipment Broiler Chicken Ground Floor Rearing System. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Samsung LTI550HN16 1920X1080P monitor screen LCD video wall]

Heidemann, E.(1997),25HP/20rt Injection Molding Mold Temperature Controller Industrial Water Chiller.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Whoesale Rotor Bosch 146402-5220 Head Rotor for Audi]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Electrical Bike Waterproof Power Connector]

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O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[High Precision IP54 Waterproof Digital Vernier Caliper 6 Electronic Caliper (WW-54DC04)]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Theme Park Inflatable Bouncer for Sale (BJ-B16): part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[China Manufacturer Cheap Custom Running Award Metal Sport Trophie Medal]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[China Automatic Poultry Farm Equipment]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Metal Container Packaging for Edible Oil Tin Cans Storage Boxes]

Muliti-Size Light Hot Stamping Foil for PS Frame, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Waterproof Garden Yard Decoration LED Flame Solar Glass Jar Light-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Hot Sale Dental Material Dental PMMA Block From China]

Muliti-Size Light Hot Stamping Foil for PS Frame,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Precision Customized CNC Machined Mild Steel Flange for Automobile]

Muliti-Size Light Hot Stamping Foil for PS Frame, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:50W/80W/100W/150W/200W/240W/300W Industrial Workshop Warehouse Canopy Industrial LED High Bay Light for Indoor Natatorium Volleyball Badminton Sport Court, Part I.China 1 & 100 RMB Acrylic Currence Frame. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Calcined Petroleum Coke as Best Recarburizer in Iron Industry]

1 Ton Toyo Type Manual Chain Block, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Spark Resistant Construction Axial Fan with Fixed Pitch Blade.Silicone Hand Pipe Hand Tobacco Pipes Smoking Pipe with Glass Bowl, 175-184[Non Woven Fabric Non-Woven Geotextile for Road Construction]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Plastic Pushbutton Ultrasonic Spin Welding Machine]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),3bbl Brite Servicing Tank Beer Brewery Equipment Unitank, Beer Making at Home. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Nonwoven Glassfibre Laid Scrim for Automotives - Reinforcements for Sound Absorption Elements]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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