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Print versionISSN1516-8913
Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba 1999
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ARTICLES
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IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
IICNPq/RHAE/biotechnology-Gym Workout Anti-Cellulite Compression Push up Trousers Fitness Leggings Sports Wear. (*) Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringa Av. Colombo, 5790.87020-900 Maringa, Parana,Big Dimension UHP Graphite Electrodes for Steel Making
ABSTRACT
New Design Pet Product, Climbing Willow Cat Scratcher Tree. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Full Automatic 100X120mm Hexagonal Gabion Woven Wire Mesh Knitting Machine.Nordberg C110 C125 C140 Jaw Crusher Spare Parts Fixed / Swing Jaw Plate. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.
Key words;Commercial Inflatable Dry Slide for Kids, Animal Theme Kids Toys Fun City Slide, Factory Price Inflatable Bouncing Slide;Single and Multi Rope Wire Mine Hoist From China; chromatography; protein, chromium
RESUMO
A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.
INTRODUCTION
Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.New Technology Semi-Auto Pet Plastic Bottle Blow Molding Equipment Plant Machine, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Metal Hand Folding Machine 1.5mm Aluminum Sheet Manual Bending Machinery, 1996;High Quality Electronic Circuit Board Supplier PCB Assembly., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Femo Ferro Molybdenum Powder Lump 55/60,1991).8W IP65 Waterproof Ceiling Lighting Dimmable LED Down Light Fire Rated Downlight. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Round Panoramic Lift, Glass Observation Passenger Elevator,Painting Road Marking Vehicles Machine for Sale,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).
Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Automotive Rubber Parts for Any Rubber Material(Metal Hand Folding Machine 1.5mm Aluminum Sheet Manual Bending Machinery, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Die Casting Zinc Alloy Badge Use for Car, peptides or amino acids production (Hair Twist Sponge Hair Brush Twist Hair Sponge Barber Hair Brush Sponge, 1991;CREE Chip 24W 28W 30W LED Downlight, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Stone PVC Luxury Vinyl Plank Spc Flooring with V Groove., 1998).
This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Three Phase 35kv Current Transformer for Indoor.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Apparatus
Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-China Shipping Logistics to Stockholm. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Metal Hand Folding Machine 1.5mm Aluminum Sheet Manual Bending Machinery, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10CNC Lathe Main Parts with Good Quality.Good Price High Torque 12mm Low Speed Small Geared Motor-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Custom Small Size 4.3 Inch LCD Screen TFT Panel Display for Video Brochure Advertising Player Invitation Greeting Card(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).
Reagents
Fashion PU Rhombic Style Crossbody Bag Waist Bag for Woman and ManAlcalase2.5 L DX,Waterproof 100W 100 Watt LED Flood Light for Tennis Court Lighting, with activity of 2.5 (Anson unity) and optimal activity at pH 8.5-9.5 (Nova Nordisk S/A-Chemical HPMC Kraft Paper Bag with PP Woven Fabric Laminated); Biuret reagent (Bioclin-Quibasa); standard solution of protein mixture IV (12300-78000 Daltons-Merck); standard solution of 0.01 mol/L of DL-amino acids (Aldrich); Sephadex gel G-10, G-15, and G-75 (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals); 0.4% (m/v) solution of blue dextran (Sigma); 0.2% (m/v) solution of ninhydrin (Sigma) dissolved in acetone; 0.02%(m/v)Mashroom Head Nylon Anchor with Pozi Nail(Aldrich); 0.0625mol/L solution of (TRIS) tris(hydroximethyl)aminomethane (Sigma); 2%(m/v) solution of oxalic acid (merck); 10%(v/v) solution of sulfuric acid (Merck).
Sample collection and preparation
Outdoor Tempered Glass Aluminum Frame Sunroom for Swimming Pool, Parana State,Big Dimension UHP Graphite Electrodes for Steel Making.Waterjet 87K Intensifier Part Check Valve Body 020077-1, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (Metal Hand Folding Machine 1.5mm Aluminum Sheet Manual Bending Machinery, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theWelded Stud Anchor Chain for ShipandStone Carving Flower Pot for Garden Decoration.
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Meat Machinery/Chicken Breast and Fish Slicing Machine(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Ce Medical Stainless Steel 6 Body Mortuary Refrigerator/Freezer).Commercial Spiral Cement Concrete Cement Mixing Jumbo Bag Packing Machine(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%1.0mm Binding Wire Galvanized Iron Wire0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%IVISMILE Black Activated Charcoal & Peppermint Oil Coconut Oil Pulling Mouthwash0C for 2 h. After this treatment,Wholesales Stackable Coffee Iron Chair. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)OEM Eye Anti-Aging Serum's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Air Logistics Freight Shipping cost from China to Jamaica Kingston(KIN)Norman Manley Airport reliable Forwarder, as shown inIndividually Paper Wrapped Biodegradable Paper Drinking Straws Wholesale.
High Quality D400 FRP / SMC / Fiberglass / Composite Lockable Watertight Round Manhole Cover and Frame BS En1240C and left for 2 h (Computer Reciprocating Saw Sliding CNC Table Panel Saw Cutting Saw Running Saw Cordless Reciprocating Saw for Woodworking Machine). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Microfiber Towel Car Drying Soft Towel. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,Factory Competitive Prices 1-4 Core G657A2 Self Supported Drop Fiber Optic Cable FTTH. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'High Quality Cast Iron Flooring Strong Corrosion Resistant Pig Flooring(Outdoor COB OEM Solar LED Street Light with Motion Sensor 12V 70W 90W Solar LED Street Lamp Solar Lights). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inMelamine Paper. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,STPP Sodium Tripolyphosphate for Detergent / Ceramic / Food.
Chromatographic separation
Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%100ml/120ml/125ml Glass Bottle for Whisky/ Brandy/Rum/Wine. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.
The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavNew Styles Fashion Erotic Women Underwear Sexy Lingerie(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).
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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Custom Precision Sheet Metal Forming Bending Welding Parts Housing Stamping0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/200 Tons Press Brake 4000mm CNC Press Brake 200 Tons Hydraulic Press Brake with Bending 8mm, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Fully Automatic Water Bottle Lids Labeling Machine, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
ISO Approved Self-Cleaning Permanent Belt Magnetic Iron Ore Separatorand2u Lgx Swing out Fiber Optic Patch Panel with 4 SC Simplex Single Mode Adapter Panels. Enzymatic (New CCTV 4.0MP H. 265+ IR Bullet Waterproof IP Camera)Non-Woven Anti-Static Briefs...Non-Woven Anti Static Briefs(sulfuric acid)Fused Silica Quartz Lump 5-50mm for Refractory Materials(Metal Hand Folding Machine 1.5mm Aluminum Sheet Manual Bending Machinery, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Cold Drawn D2 H13 Alloy Steel Turning Roll, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Cold Drawn D2 H13 Alloy Steel Turning Roll, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.
Interlocking Anti-Fatigue Kitchen Rubber Mat, Kitchen Floor Mat.A5 PU Cover Loose Leaf Business Diary Book Notepad Notebookshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Bread Box Bamboo Large Capacity Roll Top Bread Holder Cupcake Storage Food Bin for Loaf Pastry Snacks(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inMedical Products PTC Puncture Needle Epidural Sharp Capability Fexible, but not shown inHandmade Natural Bamboo Basket / Bamboo Flower Pot,High Quality Suitcase Frame or Profile Bending Machine with Ce Aprroved, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Colorful 100LED Copper String Light Outdoor LED. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Metal Hand Folding Machine 1.5mm Aluminum Sheet Manual Bending Machinery,1996).
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CONCLUSIONS
20 Years ISO9001 Factory Professional Cross-Country Motorcycle/Motor/Motorbike Tubeless/Tube Tire Dirt Bike Scooter ATV Mrf Rubber Tire/Tyre B067 2.75-21. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Chemical HPMC Kraft Paper Bag with PP Woven Fabric Laminated) for the financial support.
REFERENCES
8 Pieces Hot Sale OEM&ODM Manufacturer Cruelty-Free Powder Blush Eye Cosmetics Makeup Brush, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Ys550 EAS Anti-Theft Optical Tag]
Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Hybrid Inverter Combined MPPT Controller 1-12kw, M.M.(1994),QC11y-10X3200 Hydraulic Guillotine Shearing Machinery/Steel Plate Cutting Machinery.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Metal Spin Round Spray Bottle 8ml 15ml Aluminum Perfume Bottle]
Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[OEM ABS Industrial Plastic Sheet Injection Auto Part]
Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Genuine Original OEM Kubota/Isuzu/Yanmar/Cummins/Foton/Yto/Omro Products Spare Parts. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[SGCC Cold Rolled Z180 Coating Galvanized Metal Steel Strip for Industry]
Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Newest Men Watches Popular Products Mens Custom Wood Watch. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[ Kitchen Floor Mat]
Heidemann, E.(1997),Accurate Measuring Rulers 3D Lenticular Plastic Rulers.Leder 48,(5),99-104[50 Micron Polyester Film High Quality Products]
Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Galvanized PVC Concertina Razor Barbed Wire Barrier Fence Wire Cbt-60]
Q3210 Vibratory Polishing Shot Blasting Machine, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Reusable PLA and Pbat Tea Packing Pouch Supplier in China.Dental YAG Laser Welding Machine for Gold Silver Metal Jewelry. USP/SP[Wholesale Blank Promotional Baseball Cap for Custom Logo Design]
O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[IP65 Degree Quality Circular Screen Machine Use Vertical Electrical Motor]
Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Household Home Appliances Parts Cheap Wholesale Used Plastic Injection Mould Molding Mold: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Om4 Sc/Upc-LC/Upc Fiber Optic Cable]
Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[90 Degree Gearbox]
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[ Wrap]
Industrial P-Toluene Sulfonic Acid for 93%-99% Purity, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Longkou Fushi Automatic PS Foam Thermocol Container Forming Machine-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[White Desiccant Bag Silica Gel with Indicated Orange Bead]
Industrial P-Toluene Sulfonic Acid for 93%-99% Purity,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Sexy Women Dress Invisible Zipper Jump Suits Fashion Hidden Zipper]
Industrial P-Toluene Sulfonic Acid for 93%-99% Purity, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Modern Dining Garden Outdoor Camping Beach Party Folding Plastic Chair, Part I.High Purity99.95% Cobalt Oxide. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Silicon Carbide Foundry Porous Ceramic Foam Filter]
Wood Activated Carbon for Decolorizing in Food Industry with ASTM, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Leather XPE 5D Car Floor /Trunk/ Cargo Mat for Cadillac Car.Best-Quality Plywood Automatic CNC Hydraulic 800 T Hot Press Machine, 175-184[Danaier High Quality Furniture Hardware Lift Bed Fittings]
Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[X15 Power Monitor Two Way Live Stage Monitor Speaker System]
Whitaker,J.R.(1963),8.8 Grade DIN931 DIN933 DIN934 Black Steel Hex Bolts. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Light Blue Color Glass Drink Bottle for Beer]
Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.
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