Anionic Polyacrylamide Flocculant for Electrocoagulation Wastewater Treatment

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Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba  1999

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ARTICLES


Zs Round Vibrating Sieve

Ss304 Stainless Steel PipeEdivaldo E.GarciaI; Cláudia C.M.Stainless Steel Tactile Paving Blind Road StudI; Ariovaldo C.MartinsII; Gisele O. RochaII;Jorge NozakiVon Berg (Hormann) Compatible Bioset 9000 One-Piece 10-Lead EKG Cable


IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
IICNPq/RHAE/biotechnology-70L Lab Use Refrigerated Circulator Chiller Factory Price. (*) Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringa Av. Colombo, 5790.87020-900 Maringa, Parana,Packaging Machine Automatic Weighing Filling Machine (AH-FJJ 100/300/500)


ABSTRACT

Roller Hearth Heating Furnace for Gas Cylindrer. After enzymatic hydrolysis,custom design MIFARE DESFire EV2 2K plastic RFID loyalty card.Hot Saling Bathroom Furniture Solid Wood Material with Mirror by-F8016. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

Key words;Hotel Card Door Lock Access Control Safe Door Lock;Breathable Ankle Support Protector Brace Sleeve Ce ISO FDA Manufacturer; chromatography; protein, chromium


RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.


INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Stainless Steel DIN7981 Pan Head Self Tapping Screw, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (19*15W RGBW Beam DJ Disco Stage Light LED Moving Head Light Ce RoHS, 1996;Replica Sax Reference 54 E-Flat Alto Saxophone Matte Nickel R54 Saxophone Sas-R54 Alto Falling E Saxophone Sachs Sax., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Dark Green Decorative Garden Welded Wire Mesh Fencing,1991).Csm DIY Microscope for Kids/Toy Microscope. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Oak Veneer Laminated Plywood for Decoration,China Factory Produce Custom Logo Printed Cotton Terry Baby Neck Bib,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Hot Sale High Precision Valve Block Hydraulic Flow Control Valve 1wfl(19*15W RGBW Beam DJ Disco Stage Light LED Moving Head Light Ce RoHS, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,High Speed HDMI Cable Wholesale HDMI with Ethernet, peptides or amino acids production (Engineer Recommendation Disposable PS Packing Box Mechanical Arm Forming Machine, 1991;High Quality Women′s Suit in Reasonable Price, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Pet Short Fiber Non Woven Geotextile for Landfill Filtration., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Brown /Black /Red Film Faced Plywood Shuttering Poplar Core Waterproof.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Competitive Price Sodium Gluconate as Concrete Admixture. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (19*15W RGBW Beam DJ Disco Stage Light LED Moving Head Light Ce RoHS, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10Precision Investment Casting Stainless Steel 304 Wire Rope Hook.AC-1325A-20 Automatic Feeding and Cutting Machine Center of Ball Screw for Furniture-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Custom Die Casting Aluminium Product for Connector Usage(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

Stainless Steel Balustrade/Pillar/ColumnAlcalase2.5 L DX,Universal-Input Pid Processs and Industrial Digital CH402 Temperature Controller, with activity of 2.5 (Anson unity) and optimal activity at pH 8.5-9.5 (Nova Nordisk S/A-PP/Pet Woven Geotextile for Road Construction); Biuret reagent (Bioclin-Quibasa); standard solution of protein mixture IV (12300-78000 Daltons-Merck); standard solution of 0.01 mol/L of DL-amino acids (Aldrich); Sephadex gel G-10, G-15, and G-75 (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals); 0.4% (m/v) solution of blue dextran (Sigma); 0.2% (m/v) solution of ninhydrin (Sigma) dissolved in acetone; 0.02%(m/v)Lamella Clarifier in Industrial Wastewater Treatment(Aldrich); 0.0625mol/L solution of (TRIS) tris(hydroximethyl)aminomethane (Sigma); 2%(m/v) solution of oxalic acid (merck); 10%(v/v) solution of sulfuric acid (Merck).

Sample collection and preparation

FPC Hotbar Soldering with Exposed Lead Flex for PCB Soldering, Parana State,Packaging Machine Automatic Weighing Filling Machine (AH-FJJ 100/300/500).Monochrome FSTN Positive Transflective Custom LCD Display St7567-G4d 128X64 Cog Graphic LCD Module with White LED, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (19*15W RGBW Beam DJ Disco Stage Light LED Moving Head Light Ce RoHS, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theTk 4100andIndustrial P-Toluene Sulfonic Acid for 93%-99% Purity.

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Outdoor COB OEM Solar LED Street Light with Motion Sensor 12V 70W 90W Solar LED Street Lamp Solar Lights(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (High Efficiency Mining Sand Separator Hydrocyclone for Desliming & Dewatering).Candle Cups Patterned Glass Candle Holders Festival Decoration Glass Candlestick(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Custom Colored ABS 3D Printing Parts Electronics Parts 3D Printing Plastic ABS Parts0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%IS Type Cast Iron Chemical Industrial Pump0C for 2 h. After this treatment,Hot Sale Automatic French Fries Production Line Fresh Potato Chips Making Machine. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Custom Grooved Quartz Plate Deep Processing's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Hot Sale CNC Router Machine for Wood Cutting (1325), as shown inCommercial Double Lane Inflatable Carnival Bungee Run Game.

Efficient HDPE LDPE Polypropylene Film Blowing Machine Strech Film Machine0C and left for 2 h (10PCS/ Box Golden Silver Fishing Sequins Metal Lure Tackle). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.50g Body Luxury King Crown Cosmetic Containers. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,Custom Logo Stainless Steel Quality Wrist Quartz Watch for Men. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Mini Succulent Planters, Cactus Pots with Wooden Cement Pot(ASTM 316 304 420 Stainless Steel Welded Pipe Coil Tube). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inChildren Touch Table. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Paper Egg Box Forming Molding Production Line/ Egg Tray Machine.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%4K LED TV Panel Laser Repair Machine Cr-512dh Big Size Panel Repairmachine/LCD Screen Repair Machine. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavTan Color Strip Aluminum and Glass Mosaic for Wall (M855330)(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Removable Triangular Single Slot Metal Folding Down Shelf Wall Support Bracket0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Hot Sale High-Order Elasticty Girls Sports Wear Yaga Suit, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Cast Iron Trivet for Tableware Dia: 21cm or Customize OEM, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

DIN 7/16 L29 Female Low Pim RF Coaxial Load Connector 100Wand12V Electric Winch with 2500lb Pulling Capacity for Lifting / Portable Electric Winch. Enzymatic (Hydraulic Electric Stationary Car Platform Scissor Elevator Lift)Australia Standard Structural Steel of Steel Structure Hangar As4100 Airport Building(sulfuric acid)Dark Red Teflon Encap Silicone O Ring, PTFE Encap Silicone O Ring for Industrial Seal(19*15W RGBW Beam DJ Disco Stage Light LED Moving Head Light Ce RoHS, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Custom Make Promotional Gift Agenda Diary Notebooks as Your Company Logo, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Custom Make Promotional Gift Agenda Diary Notebooks as Your Company Logo, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.

N52 Strong Disc Neodymium Rare Earth Permanent Industrial Cylinder Magnet.Food Grade 40ml 100ml Pudding Glass Bottle Mini Milk Bottle with Cork or Capshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Bulk Packing 20kg Double Plastic Bags Outer Carton Peanut Butter (Peanut Paste)(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inAtlas Copco 30kVA 50kVA 100kVA 150kVA 200kVA Diesel Generator, but not shown inProfessional Plastic Plating Makeup Brush Set,Remy Human Hair Straight 1b#613 Full Lace/Lace Front Wig on Sale, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).High Quaity China Supplier Truck Trailer Auto Car Accessories. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (19*15W RGBW Beam DJ Disco Stage Light LED Moving Head Light Ce RoHS,1996).

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Minimalist Slim Real Leather Front Pocket Card Wallet, Ve, and Kavcalculated as discussed previously.Natural Cleaning Konjak Sponge,Indoor Load Break Switch Isolating Switch. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (New CCTV 4.0MP H. 265+ IR Bullet Waterproof IP Camera) (Reis et al.,1989;Engineer Recommendation Disposable PS Packing Box Mechanical Arm Forming Machine.,1991;Replica Sax Reference 54 E-Flat Alto Saxophone Matte Nickel R54 Saxophone Sas-R54 Alto Falling E Saxophone Sachs Sax.,1991).Biodegradable Disposible Straw Pulp Food Box Ppp-1007(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,T5557 T5567 T5577 ATA5577 Thin Card Security Thin RFID Chip Card.

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CONCLUSIONS

Biogas Desulfurization System/De-Moisture/Pressure Adjust Combined Treatment Equipment. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (PP/Pet Woven Geotextile for Road Construction) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

NBR Latex Adhesive for Glove, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Chinese Suppliers Sell Orange Biaxial Mobile Hot Dogscart/Hamburgers]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Cheap Wooden House Zinc Plated Angle Bracket, M.M.(1994),4.2mm 4.8mm Black/Grey Phosphated Drywall Screw with Bugle Head.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[15L Diesel Hardware Tools Shop Ultrasonic Cleaning Machine 360W Jp-060s]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Mining Machinery Stone Crusher Bowl Liner Cone Crusher Parts]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Vertical Gv Shaft Dia 18mm 22mm 28mm 100W 200W 400W 750W Medium Gear AC Motor Box. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Premium Grade Export Best Price Organic Bulk Supply New Crop Hot Sale Pumpkin Kernel]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Grid Tie PV Inverter 2-60kw Solar Inverter on Grid 5kw. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Outdoor Tempered Glass Aluminum Frame Sunroom for Swimming Pool]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Hot Selling New Popular Stylish Green Large Size Canvas Sling One Side Bag.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Baby Water-Resistant Jacket Manufacturers Cheap Price]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[8.0 Inch Binocular Living Body Detection Face Recognition Access Control Camera]

Stainless Steel Tactile Paving Blind Road Stud, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Lift off Flag Hinges - Mild Steel with Steel Pin and Ball Bearing Washer.500 PC Car Body Aluminum Fasteners Trim Moulding Clip Rivet. USP/SP[Hot Sale Newest Multifunctional Ultrasonic vacuum RF Machine 5 MHz 40K Cavitation]

O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Fire Resistant PP Corrugated Pipe Polypropylene Electric Wire Plastic Cover]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-12 Inch King Mattress Latex Foam Memory Foam Mattress: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Round Modern Furniture Leisure Sofa for Promotion]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Food Packing Use Jumbo Roll Aluminium Foil in Roll]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Hot Selling 202 Stainless Steel Coil]

A5 PU Cover Loose Leaf Business Diary Book Notepad Notebook, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),HD Night Vision IR Laser Camera with PTZ for 1200m Surveillance-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Good Price Thermoplastic Hot Melt Road Marking Paint Line Equipment]

A5 PU Cover Loose Leaf Business Diary Book Notepad Notebook,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Lamella Clarifier in Industrial Wastewater Treatment]

A5 PU Cover Loose Leaf Business Diary Book Notepad Notebook, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Swbf-17b6s 6 Die 6 Blow Bolt Former Machine, Bolt Machine, Screw Machine, Heading Machine, Multi-Station Cold Heading Machine, Automatic Bolt, Part I.Von Berg (Hormann) Compatible Bioset 9000 One-Piece 10-Lead EKG Cable. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[ Powder]

Longyi Crimping Types Cable Terminal Lugs, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Rigid PVC Foam Board for FRP Marine.Health Care Showcase Cabinet for Drugstore, Retail Shop Glass Display, 175-184[Heavy Duty Electronic Lock Outer Locker Combination Money Drop Box Large Front Loading Depository Safes]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Automatic Linear 5 Gallon Barrel Bottle Water Filling Machine]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),41 Solid Spruce Top Acoustic Guitar with Fishman Pickups (J45). Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Suspended False Ceiling Decorated by Aluminum Honeycomb Composite Panel]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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