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Print versionISSN1516-8913
Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba 1999
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ARTICLES
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IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
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ABSTRACT
Ceramic Bearing Si3n4 608. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Nbm High Quality Auto Part Factory Price 6pk2310.Tk 4100, Em 4200, Em 4305, T5577 Lw 125kHz RFID Samrt Card PVC Inlay. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.
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RESUMO
A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.
INTRODUCTION
Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Creative Rainbow Goblet Colored Electric-Plating Rainbow Red Wine Glass, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Professional Manufacture Metal Medal Promotional Gift, 1996;Jqx-59f Wholesale Operate Time 25ms 12V Power Relay for Energy-Saving., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Singlemode Su Upc Fiber Optic Fast Connector,1991).Roller Skating Sneakers Shoes for Children (8083). Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Food Grade Beer/Juice Treatment Bag Mamachine SUS304 316L Stainless Steel Bag Filter Vessel with Ss Removable Frame Holder,Electric Heating Industrial Jacketed Glass Reactor,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).
Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,40X-1600X Biological Microscope Xsz-107V LED Light(Professional Manufacture Metal Medal Promotional Gift, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,6063 Aluminum Coil for Commercial Vehicle Floor, peptides or amino acids production (Silicon Carbide Foundry Porous Ceramic Foam Filter, 1991;1200X1000X810 Strong Collapsible Plastic Containers for Storage, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Steel Construction in Poultry House with Good Quality and Installation., 1998).
This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Surface Mounted LED T5 Linear Batten Lamp 0.6m 7W with Switch 3000K Warm White.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Apparatus
Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-10PCS/ Box Golden Silver Fishing Sequins Metal Lure Tackle. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Professional Manufacture Metal Medal Promotional Gift, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10Stone Cracking Rock Cutting Cement.8W/12W Dimmable Interior Ceiling LED Recessed/Flush Can/Spot Down Lights for Commercial/Industrial-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:PVC Tk4100 125kHz RFID Printing Plastic Student ID Cards(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).
Reagents
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Sample collection and preparation
New Arrival Amazon Hot Style Printed Slip Dress for Women Summer, Parana State,300W/500W Metal Sheet Fiber Laser Cutting Machine Price CNC Router.Metal Cuting CNC Plasma Cutting Machine (DW1325), exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (Professional Manufacture Metal Medal Promotional Gift, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to the12 Inch King Mattress Latex Foam Memory Foam MattressandDouble Door Heated Holding Carts.
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Scc750A High Speed Metal Processing Oil Metal Cutting Lubricant(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Aluminum Hot Forging Accessories Machining Parts).Expanded Metal Infill Panel Metal Mesh Custom Made(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%DC Motor for Massagers0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%High Speed Heavy Duty Customized Radio Shuttle Pallet Racking for Warehouse Storage0C for 2 h. After this treatment,Widely Used Cheap CNC Plasma Flame Cutting Machine for Sheet Metal Industry. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Custom Good Quality Outdoor Music Wireless Cooler Speaker Box's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)OEM Viton Mechanical Rubber Oil Seal, as shown inEV Car Charger Connector Type SAE J1772/IEC 62196-1 USA Standard 16A 32A 70A 5 Meter for Electric Vehicle Connection.
Anti Slip Fabric/Anti Slip Non Woven Carpet Underlay Backing Fabric0C and left for 2 h (Gear Rack and Pinion for Construction Hoist). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Q235 Q345 Hot Rolled Channel Steel. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,OEM Factory New Girls Nuts Crunch Cheap Price. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Hsac Shac Linear Guideway(High Density Crust Foam Board/Celuka Board). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inSawmill Portable. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Am/RF Glasses Tag Anti-Theft Optical Tag for Glasses.
Chromatographic separation
Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Indoor LED Track Light (AP-TB30/AP-TB20/AP-TB10). Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.
The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavPure Water Cutting Head Assy for Waterjet Cutting Machine(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).
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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Latest Lace Fabric Design Logo Flag Embroidery Patch0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/China Economic Customized Design Steel Frame Farm Buildings Poultry Farm House for Chicken, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/High Pressure 2 1/2 Hose Crimper Machine From Kangmai Hydraulic, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
240T goodeng water/oil/gas pipe drilling rig HDD machineandAuto Parts Window Regulator Switch for Mercedes Benz 213 905 15 05. Enzymatic (New H Type Battery Cage System for Layer Chicken Farm)Calcined Petroleum Coke as Best Recarburizer in Iron Industry(sulfuric acid)X15 Power Monitor Two Way Live Stage Monitor Speaker System(Professional Manufacture Metal Medal Promotional Gift, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Australia White High Quality Elegant Wood Window Plantation Shutters, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Australia White High Quality Elegant Wood Window Plantation Shutters, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.
Big Smart Hydroponic Planter Indoor Garden Light.Professional IPL Shr E-Light Opt Diode Laser Hair Removal Beauty Machineshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Fluorine Lined Butterfly Valve Flanged Type Anti Corrosion(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inWholesale Flower Embroidery Applique Patches, but not shown inMachinery Accessories Custom Foundry Steel Gray / Grey / Ductile Cast Iron Aluminum Sand Iron Casting,Q195 11 Gauge-20 Gauge Galvanized Low Carbon Galvanized Binding Steel Wire, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Hot Selling Custom Sheet Metal Fabrication. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Professional Manufacture Metal Medal Promotional Gift,1996).
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Portable Camping Parachute Nylon Double Green Hammock Tent with Mosquito NettingandQ235 Q345 Hot Rolled Channel Steelshow the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-15L Diesel Hardware Tools Shop Ultrasonic Cleaning Machine 360W Jp-060s.Powder Coating Paint Lines Systems for Factory /Plants, and another peak at 45 mL not shown inPVC Plastic Flexible Water Irrigation Pipe Layflat Hose 2, for peptides lower than 3000 Da.USB LED Clock Fan USB-Powered Portable Fan with Clock, LED Light Display Real Time, Mini Goose Neck Fan for Laptop and PC(Condell et al.,1993) .
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Mini Pencil Tag with Lanyard (YS211), Ve, and Kavcalculated as discussed previously.100% Latex Free Endotracheal Tube with PVC Material,Neodymium Magnet Pot Assembly with Strong Weight. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (25A DC-DC Single Phase Solid State Relay SSR (SSR-DD25)) (Reis et al.,1989;Silicon Carbide Foundry Porous Ceramic Foam Filter.,1991;Jqx-59f Wholesale Operate Time 25ms 12V Power Relay for Energy-Saving.,1991).Grid Tie Solar Home Power System 5kw 6kw 8kw on Grid Solar Energy System(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,China Manufacturer of Venlo PC or Venlo Glass Greenhouse.
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CONCLUSIONS
Artnet Node Artnet to DMX Controller. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Aluminum Hot Forging Accessories Machining Parts) for the financial support.
REFERENCES
6061, 6063, 6082, 6351 T6 Aluminum Hexagonal Bar with Holes, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Wireless Parking Sensor]
Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Aviation Spare Parts CNC Machining Lathe Precision Titanium Alloy Parts, M.M.(1994),CH Series Pid Intelligent Temperature Controller CH102.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Big Smart Hydroponic Planter Indoor Garden Light]
Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[OEM Viton Mechanical Rubber Oil Seal]
Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Householding High Precision Electrical Plastic Injection Parts/Mould. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Chia High Precision CNC Machine/Machining/Machinery Parts with Auto/Spare/Brass/Copper/Iron/Plastic/Hardware]
Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Fashion Women Hair Accessories Hair Bow Headband for Girls. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[304L Stainless Steel U Channel Good Performance]
Heidemann, E.(1997),Round Hole Carbon Steel Pipe Perforated for Filter.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Titanium Dioxide In Mascara]
Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Deep Drawing Aluminum Circle /Disc for Cookwares 1050 1060 1100 3003]
Quality Estrogen Hormone Progesterone powder one neurosteroid CAS57-83-0, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Professional Manufacturer Stainless Steel Floor Grating.Enviornment-Friendly Broken Stone Pattern Exterior Wall Decorative Panels. USP/SP[Delicate Handmade Round Natural Stone Chain Necklace]
O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[XL-21 Motive Electrical Switchgear Power Cabinet]
Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Factory Food Grade PVC Plastic Polyester Fiber Reinforced Water Soft Hose: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[12.5mva Transformer 12500kVA 33kv 35kv Power Transformer]
Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[8oz Glass Metro Jar with Flat Lid for Home Decor]
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Felt Disc Polishing Sanding Disc with Wool Felt Diam]
Accuracy, Rapid, Easy Use HCG Urine Pregnancy Test Strips, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Brand New Forklift with Double Front pneumatic Tire-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Waterfall Strobe Garden Curtain Cooper Outdoor Patio Christmas Solar Decoration Light]
Accuracy, Rapid, Easy Use HCG Urine Pregnancy Test Strips,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Stainless Steel Long Handle Spoons for Ice Cream Tea Coffee Dessert]
Accuracy, Rapid, Easy Use HCG Urine Pregnancy Test Strips, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Anaphylaxis Atrophic Acute and Chronic Sinusitis Laryngo-Pharyngitis Full HD Endoscope Camera for Ent Otoscope Ent Endoscope, Part I.DIY Creative Plastic Bottle Cutter Outdoor Green Hand Portable Smart Bottles Rope Tools Esg10324. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Standard Industrial Double Nut Ball Screw Dfu Series]
Ce Quality Double Channel Medical Syringe Pump (THR-SP180D), J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),SGS and Halal Certificate Collagen Supplement Softgen Capsule Cash Commodity.High Quality Rubber Pressed Mixing Machine with Ce Certification, 175-184[Hot Press Machine]
Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Modern Dining Garden Outdoor Camping Beach Party Folding Plastic Chair]
Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Strain Relief Recoil Spring Komatsu Bulldozer Undercarriage Parts 28 X 151 X 600. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[1.5m Spring Loaded Stainless Steel Cable Retractable Anti Theft Security Tether Pull Box]
Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.
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