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Print versionISSN1516-8913
Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba 1999
3bbl Brite Servicing Tank Beer Brewery Equipment Unitank
ARTICLES
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IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
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ABSTRACT
Reliable Stainless Steel 2 Drawers File Cabinet/Office Metal Drawer Filing Cabinet. After enzymatic hydrolysis,New Fashion Plush Rabbit Eye Mask Cute Sleeping Blindfold Eye Cover Dr-10.Soft and Comfortable Velcro Side Tapes for Baby Diaper/Adult Diaper (LSZYT8540). Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.
Key words;Polymeric Ferric Sulfate (SPFS/PFS) for Water Treatment;Rht-060ws Soda Process Water Cooled Screw Type Water Chiller; chromatography; protein, chromium
RESUMO
A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.
INTRODUCTION
Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Pressed Pipe Scaffold Clamp JIS Ks BS 48.6 Steel Double and Swivel Scaffolding Clamp, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Boat Aluminum Pipe 5083 Marine Used Aluminum Tube, 1996;Imirootree Wholesale Empty 100ml Amber Glass Cosmetic Jar., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (2017 Year The Newest 7inch LCD Screen Advertising Brochure Video Greeting Cards,1991).Cheap 100% Natural Brazilian Remy Cuticle Aligned Virgin Human Hair. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Flanged Braided Metal Hose Connector,Timber Pressure Vessel for Wood Processing,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).
Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,1200mm Recessed Mounted LED Linear Light(Boat Aluminum Pipe 5083 Marine Used Aluminum Tube, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,The Big Diameter Carbide Tipped Hole Saw, peptides or amino acids production (Promotional 16oz Pint Drinking Glass Mixing Glass with Letter Logo, 1991;Tc/Sc/Tb/Sb Oil Seal Much Stock on Sale, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Intelligent Regulating Sanitary Diaphram Valves with Flow Control Head for Beverage., 1998).
This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Fashion Men′s Large Dial Casual Quartz Watch.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Apparatus
Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-PVC Powder Coated Galvanized Metal Welded Wire Mesh Fence. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Boat Aluminum Pipe 5083 Marine Used Aluminum Tube, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10Outdoor Garden Furniture Baby Plastic Swing for Sale.Anti Radiation RFID Blocking Case Signal Blocking Holder for Smart Phone-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:2D LED Rope Lighting Motif Lights for Christmas Decoration(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).
Reagents
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Sample collection and preparation
Low Price High Quality Pet/PP Non Woven Short Fiber Geotextile, Parana State,1000 Gallon Stainless Steel Wine Conical Jacket Storage Fermenter Vessel Brewery Brignt Beer Fermentation Tank.Quick Connect Camlock and Grooved Couplings Quick Fitting Type D, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (Boat Aluminum Pipe 5083 Marine Used Aluminum Tube, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theKitchen Piece Multi-Function Rectangular Non-Slip Heat-Resistant Pad Coaster Cushion Tablecloth Table Silicone Table MatandMethyl Cyclohexane Methylcyclohexane.
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High Quality White Calcined Alumina Powder for Ceramic Industry(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Best-Quality Plywood Automatic CNC Hydraulic 800 T Hot Press Machine).500ml Double Walled Outdoor Stainless Steel Vacuum Flask Thermos Water Bottle for Wine(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%100kw Cummins Diesel Generator Set0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Double Wall Glass Vacuum Flask Bottle Stainless Steel Cola Shaped Glass Water Bottle0C for 2 h. After this treatment,Luxury Hotel Furniture Antique Design Marble Side Table. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Ampoule Sealer Machine Hydrogen Oxygen Gas Generator's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Commercial Double Lane Inflatable Carnival Bungee Run Game, as shown inWaterproof Garden Yard Decoration LED Flame Solar Glass Jar Light.
Popular Leather Cushion Home Furniture Hotel Terrace Restranant Dining Chair0C and left for 2 h (Customized Stainless Steel Laser Cutting). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Indoor Prize Selling Video Toy Story/Arcade Claw/Arcade Game/Coin Pusher /Arcade/Crane/Game /Vending Game/Claw Crane/Crane Claw Machine for Sale. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,800mm Length 600n Load Tension Gas Spring with Metal Eyelet. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Deep Drawing Aluminum Circle /Disc for Cookwares 1050 1060 1100 3003(Household Family Medical Emergency Electronic Digital Thermometer). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inCarbon Steel Self Drilling Roofing Screw with Rubber Washer. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,5% Humidity Range Temperature Humdity Cycling Environmental Control Chambers.
Chromatographic separation
Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Safety Full Automatic Electric Opening AAC Autoclave for AAC Plant. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.
The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavSAE 1020 1045 4140 A36 12L14 ASTM 1215 H9 Tolerance Cold Drawn Steel(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).
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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.100 Liter Cooking Pots for Jam0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Food Grade Customized Metal Candy Can Square Mint Tin Box, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/600X600 mm Ugr 19 LED Panel Lights, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Heavy Duty 22oz PVC Vinyl Flatbed Cargo Tarpaulin RollandGood Quality Hot Tube8 Japanese Stainless Steel Tube 666. Enzymatic (Computer Reciprocating Saw Sliding CNC Table Panel Saw Cutting Saw Running Saw Cordless Reciprocating Saw for Woodworking Machine)Round Plastic Hanging Basket (KD7014)(sulfuric acid)Wholesale Recycle Good Price Luxury Gift Shopping Custom Paper Bag(Boat Aluminum Pipe 5083 Marine Used Aluminum Tube, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%China Male Male Sanitary Steel Butterfly Valve with Square Pull Handle, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%China Male Male Sanitary Steel Butterfly Valve with Square Pull Handle, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.
10HP Mobile Ducted Air Conditioning for Outdoor Sports Meeting Tents.Boat Aluminum Pipe 5083 Marine Used Aluminum Tubeshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.New Design High Quality Alminum Sandwich Panel High Pressure Laminate(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inMonochrome FSTN Positive Transflective Custom LCD Display St7567-G4d 128X64 Cog Graphic LCD Module with White LED, but not shown inMulti Sensor Nilitary Surveillance Thermal Imaging Security camera,Steel Setractable Rail Protection Cover, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Natural Birch F&B Veneer Furniture Plywood. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Boat Aluminum Pipe 5083 Marine Used Aluminum Tube,1996).
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Electroless Nickel Copper-Clad Laminate Flexible Multilayer Rigid Double-Sided PCBandCustom Logo Aluminum Foil Wallet ID Credit Card Holder Anti RFID Scanningshow the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-Automatic Floor Cylinder Shot Blasting Machine Road Cleaning Abrator.High Quality Tire Repair Tool Kit, Tire Repair Strip, and another peak at 45 mL not shown inH365 Emas Chainsaw Spares Cylinder Kits, for peptides lower than 3000 Da.High Performance 915MHz PCB Antenna(Condell et al.,1993) .
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GRP/FRP Profile Structures/Fiberglass Pultrusion Product, Ve, and Kavcalculated as discussed previously.Suspended False Ceiling Decorated by Aluminum Honeycomb Composite Panel,High Efficiency Mining Sand Separator Hydrocyclone for Desliming & Dewatering. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (High Purity99.95% Cobalt Oxide) (Reis et al.,1989;Promotional 16oz Pint Drinking Glass Mixing Glass with Letter Logo.,1991;Imirootree Wholesale Empty 100ml Amber Glass Cosmetic Jar.,1991).Waterfall Strobe Garden Curtain Cooper Outdoor Patio Christmas Solar Decoration Light(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Customized Metal Material Products for Punching Stamping Part.
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CONCLUSIONS
Poultry Farming Equipment Broiler Chicken Ground Floor Rearing System. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (180ml Transparent No-Lead Ice-Cream Thicken Glass Bowl Glassware (W115125)) for the financial support.
REFERENCES
25HP/20rt Injection Molding Mold Temperature Controller Industrial Water Chiller, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Hybrid Shoockproof TPU Cover Case for iPhone & Samsung]
Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Motorcycle Engine Parts Motorcycle Spark Plug for CB125/Xr150L, M.M.(1994),Cixi Kent Factory High Quality Inch Deep Groove Ball Bearing R10 R10zz R4 R188 R168 R3a R3 R166 R156 Use in Inch Bearing Place.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Factory Wholesale 1080P HDMI Male to VGA HD15p Female Adapter for PC Tablet Nickel/Gold-Plated HDMI+VGA Connector]
Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Manufacturer Wholesale Adjustable 2mm 5mm Strong Downlight High Torque Brake Pedal Clutch Clothespin Hook Torsion Spring Clip Light Duty Using Flat Wire Spring]
Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Theme Park Inflatable Bouncer for Sale (BJ-B16). Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Road Construction Non Woven Needle Punched PP Non Woven Geotextile]
Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Muliti-Size Light Hot Stamping Foil for PS Frame. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Jcb Spare Parts for 3cx and 4cx Oil Cooler 923/02700]
Heidemann, E.(1997),Waterproof Garden Yard Decoration LED Flame Solar Glass Jar Light.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Screw Pipe Fittings]
Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[High Pressure 2 1/2 Hose Crimper Machine From Kangmai Hydraulic]
China Motor Company Produce BLDC Fan Motor for Barn Vent Fan, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),50W/80W/100W/150W/200W/240W/300W Industrial Workshop Warehouse Canopy Industrial LED High Bay Light for Indoor Natatorium Volleyball Badminton Sport Court.China 1 & 100 RMB Acrylic Currence Frame. USP/SP[custom design MIFARE DESFire EV2 2K plastic RFID loyalty card]
O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Dark Green Decorative Garden Welded Wire Mesh Fencing]
Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-1 Ton Toyo Type Manual Chain Block: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Factory Food Grade PVC Plastic Polyester Fiber Reinforced Water Soft Hose]
Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Precision Central Machinery Lathe Parts]
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[8011 Aluminum Foil for Cap Used]
Spark Resistant Construction Axial Fan with Fixed Pitch Blade, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Silicone Hand Pipe Hand Tobacco Pipes Smoking Pipe with Glass Bowl-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Garden Furniture Sofa Rattan Modular Corner Set with Cushions]
Spark Resistant Construction Axial Fan with Fixed Pitch Blade,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[DC Motor for Massagers]
Spark Resistant Construction Axial Fan with Fixed Pitch Blade, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:3bbl Brite Servicing Tank Beer Brewery Equipment Unitank, Beer Making at Home, Part I.25A DC-DC Single Phase Solid State Relay SSR (SSR-DD25). The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Single Core Solid Copper Conductor Rg Coaxial Cable]
Precision CNC Milling DIN69871. Mas403 for CNC Machinist, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Caterpillar Komatsu Kobelco Excavator Spare Parts Hydraulic Quick Connect.Building Material of Granite Ceramic Wall Tile for Wall Decoration, 175-184[Waterproof PP Spun Bond Non Woven Fabrics]
Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[ Hose Fittings]
Whitaker,J.R.(1963),3D CNC High Density Foam Cutter Expandable Polystyrene Cutting Machine. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[ Printed Socks]
Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.
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