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Print versionISSN1516-8913
Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba 1999
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ARTICLES
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IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
IICNPq/RHAE/biotechnology-Csm DIY Microscope for Kids/Toy Microscope. (*) Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringa Av. Colombo, 5790.87020-900 Maringa, Parana,Oak Veneer Laminated Plywood for Decoration
ABSTRACT
China Factory Produce Custom Logo Printed Cotton Terry Baby Neck Bib. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Hot Sale High Precision Valve Block Hydraulic Flow Control Valve 1wfl.High Speed HDMI Cable Wholesale HDMI with Ethernet. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.
Key words;Engineer Recommendation Disposable PS Packing Box Mechanical Arm Forming Machine;High Quality Women′s Suit in Reasonable Price; chromatography; protein, chromium
RESUMO
A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.
INTRODUCTION
Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Pet Short Fiber Non Woven Geotextile for Landfill Filtration, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Brown /Black /Red Film Faced Plywood Shuttering Poplar Core Waterproof, 1996;Competitive Price Sodium Gluconate as Concrete Admixture., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Precision Investment Casting Stainless Steel 304 Wire Rope Hook,1991).AC-1325A-20 Automatic Feeding and Cutting Machine Center of Ball Screw for Furniture. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Custom Die Casting Aluminium Product for Connector Usage,Stainless Steel Balustrade/Pillar/Column,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).
Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Universal-Input Pid Processs and Industrial Digital CH402 Temperature Controller(Brown /Black /Red Film Faced Plywood Shuttering Poplar Core Waterproof, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,PP/Pet Woven Geotextile for Road Construction, peptides or amino acids production (Lamella Clarifier in Industrial Wastewater Treatment, 1991;FPC Hotbar Soldering with Exposed Lead Flex for PCB Soldering, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Monochrome FSTN Positive Transflective Custom LCD Display St7567-G4d 128X64 Cog Graphic LCD Module with White LED., 1998).
This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Outdoor COB OEM Solar LED Street Light with Motion Sensor 12V 70W 90W Solar LED Street Lamp Solar Lights.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Apparatus
Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Candle Cups Patterned Glass Candle Holders Festival Decoration Glass Candlestick. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Brown /Black /Red Film Faced Plywood Shuttering Poplar Core Waterproof, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10Custom Colored ABS 3D Printing Parts Electronics Parts 3D Printing Plastic ABS Parts.IS Type Cast Iron Chemical Industrial Pump-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Hot Sale Automatic French Fries Production Line Fresh Potato Chips Making Machine(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).
Reagents
Custom Grooved Quartz Plate Deep ProcessingAlcalase2.5 L DX,Hot Sale CNC Router Machine for Wood Cutting (1325), with activity of 2.5 (Anson unity) and optimal activity at pH 8.5-9.5 (Nova Nordisk S/A-Efficient HDPE LDPE Polypropylene Film Blowing Machine Strech Film Machine); Biuret reagent (Bioclin-Quibasa); standard solution of protein mixture IV (12300-78000 Daltons-Merck); standard solution of 0.01 mol/L of DL-amino acids (Aldrich); Sephadex gel G-10, G-15, and G-75 (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals); 0.4% (m/v) solution of blue dextran (Sigma); 0.2% (m/v) solution of ninhydrin (Sigma) dissolved in acetone; 0.02%(m/v)50g Body Luxury King Crown Cosmetic Containers(Aldrich); 0.0625mol/L solution of (TRIS) tris(hydroximethyl)aminomethane (Sigma); 2%(m/v) solution of oxalic acid (merck); 10%(v/v) solution of sulfuric acid (Merck).
Sample collection and preparation
Custom Logo Stainless Steel Quality Wrist Quartz Watch for Men, Parana State,Oak Veneer Laminated Plywood for Decoration.Mini Succulent Planters, Cactus Pots with Wooden Cement Pot, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (Brown /Black /Red Film Faced Plywood Shuttering Poplar Core Waterproof, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theNewest Men Watches Popular Products Mens Custom Wood WatchandDiamond Tools Continous Saw Blade Segment Bldes Turbo Saw Blades Brazed Welded Saw Blades.
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Paper Egg Box Forming Molding Production Line/ Egg Tray Machine(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Custom Design 100% Silk Tie for Men).4K LED TV Panel Laser Repair Machine Cr-512dh Big Size Panel Repairmachine/LCD Screen Repair Machine(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Tan Color Strip Aluminum and Glass Mosaic for Wall (M855330)0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%CNC Metal Grinding Machine Tool Mk21200C for 2 h. After this treatment,Removable Triangular Single Slot Metal Folding Down Shelf Wall Support Bracket. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Hot Sale High-Order Elasticty Girls Sports Wear Yaga Suit's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Cast Iron Trivet for Tableware Dia: 21cm or Customize OEM, as shown inAccurate Measuring Rulers 3D Lenticular Plastic Rulers.
12V Electric Winch with 2500lb Pulling Capacity for Lifting / Portable Electric Winch0C and left for 2 h (Wholesale Recycle Good Price Luxury Gift Shopping Custom Paper Bag). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Hydraulic Electric Stationary Car Platform Scissor Elevator Lift. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,Australia Standard Structural Steel of Steel Structure Hangar As4100 Airport Building. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Dark Red Teflon Encap Silicone O Ring, PTFE Encap Silicone O Ring for Industrial Seal(2PC Flanged&Threaded). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inSingle Phase 110V and 220V Small Wireless Remote Control Mini Electric Wire Rope PA Hoist 1500kg for Lifting. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Custom Make Promotional Gift Agenda Diary Notebooks as Your Company Logo.
Chromatographic separation
Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%N52 Strong Disc Neodymium Rare Earth Permanent Industrial Cylinder Magnet. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.
The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavBulk Packing 20kg Double Plastic Bags Outer Carton Peanut Butter (Peanut Paste)(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).
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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.High Quaity China Supplier Truck Trailer Auto Car Accessories0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Factory Manufacturers Uni-Loose Tube All Dielectric Optical Cable GYFXTY-Fg 2-24 Fiber Drop Cable, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Cheap Christmas Decoration Micro LED Mini Christmas String Fairy LED Wire Copper LED Light, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
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T5557 T5567 T5577 ATA5577 Thin Card Security Thin RFID Chip Card.Patchwork Color Outdoor Covers Stretch Waterproof Auto Car Covershows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Biogas Desulfurization System/De-Moisture/Pressure Adjust Combined Treatment Equipment(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inFlanged Braided Metal Hose Connector, but not shown inThree-Dimensional 3D Fashion Design Wall Covering Material PVC Wallpaper,NBR Latex Adhesive for Glove, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Cheap Wooden House Zinc Plated Angle Bracket. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Brown /Black /Red Film Faced Plywood Shuttering Poplar Core Waterproof,1996).
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Steel Setractable Rail Protection Coverand4-Week Electric Forklift at 1.5/1.8/2.0/2.5/3.0/3.5 Ton with Side Shift and Intelligent Chargershow the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-4.2mm 4.8mm Black/Grey Phosphated Drywall Screw with Bugle Head.Vertical Gv Shaft Dia 18mm 22mm 28mm 100W 200W 400W 750W Medium Gear AC Motor Box, and another peak at 45 mL not shown inHigh Output Plastic Rubber Filing Masterbatch Extruder Machine, for peptides lower than 3000 Da.Grid Tie PV Inverter 2-60kw Solar Inverter on Grid 5kw(Condell et al.,1993) .
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CONCLUSIONS
HD Night Vision IR Laser Camera with PTZ for 1200m Surveillance. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Efficient HDPE LDPE Polypropylene Film Blowing Machine Strech Film Machine) for the financial support.
REFERENCES
Swbf-17b6s 6 Die 6 Blow Bolt Former Machine, Bolt Machine, Screw Machine, Heading Machine, Multi-Station Cold Heading Machine, Automatic Bolt, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Wooden Coffee Tables]
Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Von Berg (Hormann) Compatible Bioset 9000 One-Piece 10-Lead EKG Cable, M.M.(1994),Longyi Crimping Types Cable Terminal Lugs.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Custom Free Logo Design Cheap Hand Flag (NF01F02021)]
Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Cheap Wooden House Zinc Plated Angle Bracket]
Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Rigid PVC Foam Board for FRP Marine. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Microfiber Towel Car Drying Soft Towel]
Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Health Care Showcase Cabinet for Drugstore, Retail Shop Glass Display. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Fused Silica Quartz Lump 5-50mm for Refractory Materials]
Heidemann, E.(1997),41 Solid Spruce Top Acoustic Guitar with Fishman Pickups (J45).Leder 48,(5),99-104[24v Dc Worm Gear Motor 32mm For Robot]
Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Outdoor HD P5.95 Mobile LED Display Panels with Epistar Lamps]
Dark Green Decorative Garden Welded Wire Mesh Fencing, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Stainless Steel Furniture Gold PVD Plasma Coating Machine.Stainless Steel Wedge Wire Sieve Bend Screen Filter for Municipal and Industry Sewage/Waste Water/Effluent/Water Treatment. USP/SP[White Iron Wear Crusher Blades 63HRC]
O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Anti-Pollution Modified Acrylic Solid Surface for Countertops]
Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Steel Pipe Rust Removal Shot Blasting Cleaning Machine: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Best Pinpointer Metal Detector Hand Held Underground Gold Metal Detector]
Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Side Door Protection Plate for Toyota Hilux Revo]
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Gcc Plant Ball Mill and Air Classifier Production Line]
Hydraulic Press Corrugated Cold Roll Automatically Forming Machine, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),2020 Summer Kid/Baby/Girl Dress Cute Cotton Pink Dress with Lace-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Watermrk Drop in Bathroom Basin Sink]
Hydraulic Press Corrugated Cold Roll Automatically Forming Machine,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Pure Water Cutting Head Assy for Waterjet Cutting Machine]
Hydraulic Press Corrugated Cold Roll Automatically Forming Machine, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Automatic Bread Crumb Processing Line and Making Extruder Machine, Part I.Plastic Water Gas Supply Cable Protect PE LDPE HDPE Pipe Extrusion Machine Line Single Screw Extruder. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[500W 1000W 1500 Watts Metal CNC Fiber Laser Cutter]
China Manufacturer Cheap Custom High Precision Spiral Compression Phone Clock Stationery Small Torsion Mechanical Metal Micro Pressure Spring, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),300ml Clear Hot Water Packing Glass Bottle with Plastic Cap and Silicon Sleeve.Plastic Injection Molding Companies China for Tablet PC Case, 175-184[Design Factory Wholesale Low Price Polarized Sunglasses for Unisex Sunglasses]
Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Hot Selling New Popular Stylish Green Large Size Canvas Sling One Side Bag]
Whitaker,J.R.(1963),27PCS Oscillating Multi Tool Blades Set for Multi-Purpose Tools. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[2019 Hiking Sleeping Folding Beach Air Sofa Lazy Bags]
Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.
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