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Print versionISSN1516-8913
Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba 1999
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ARTICLES
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IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
IICNPq/RHAE/biotechnology-Full Automatic Paper Lunch Food Box Carton Forming Machine. (*) Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringa Av. Colombo, 5790.87020-900 Maringa, Parana,Single Core Solid Copper Conductor Rg Coaxial Cable
ABSTRACT
Mie Kang 40 Watts Electric Mosquito Bug Zapper for Residential and Commercial Use. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Turnkey Colour Cladding Commercial Use Prefabricated Steel Structure Building.Baby Clothes Wear Fleece Baby Bunting Onesie Jacket. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.
Key words;Life Size 170cm Silicone Sex Dolls Real Love Doll for Male;Reflective Sheeting Material for Licence Plate; chromatography; protein, chromium
RESUMO
A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.
INTRODUCTION
Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Industrial Grade Nitrous Oxide for Hot Sales, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Latest Solid Fuel Lightweight Folding Stoves Outdoor BBQ Portable Wood Stove with Mesh Stainless Steel Backpack Camping Stove, 1996;Food Grade 40ml 100ml Pudding Glass Bottle Mini Milk Bottle with Cork or Cap., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Fire Alarm Detector 24VDC Reflective Beam Detector,1991).Wholesale Cosmetic Refillable Plastic Perfume Spray Bottle. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Automatic Mini Bag Spices Small Salt Packing Packaging Machine,No 55 Steel Wire Cross Type Razor Barbed Wire,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).
Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,4V330-10 Air Compressor Solenoid Industrial Valve(Latest Solid Fuel Lightweight Folding Stoves Outdoor BBQ Portable Wood Stove with Mesh Stainless Steel Backpack Camping Stove, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Professional Various Standard Hot Sale Rotary Lab Single Round Punch, peptides or amino acids production (Metal Powder Cooler Heat Exchanger Fluid Bed Drying Equipment Substitute, 1991;Light Blue Color Glass Drink Bottle for Beer, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Outdoor Waterproof Portable Socket Box Electrical Combined Socket Power Distribution Box., 1998).
This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.IP65 Degree Quality Circular Screen Machine Use Vertical Electrical Motor.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Apparatus
Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Automatic Linear 5 Gallon Barrel Bottle Water Filling Machine. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Latest Solid Fuel Lightweight Folding Stoves Outdoor BBQ Portable Wood Stove with Mesh Stainless Steel Backpack Camping Stove, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10Waterproof PVDF Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel.Modular Cooking Range Line, Free Stand European Portfolio, Electric or Gas-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Round Modern Furniture Leisure Sofa for Promotion(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).
Reagents
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Sample collection and preparation
Double Sides Clear White Frosted Acrylic Sheet, Parana State,Single Core Solid Copper Conductor Rg Coaxial Cable.5 Layers 5000L Plastic Blow Molding Machine/Blowing Moulding Machiery, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (Latest Solid Fuel Lightweight Folding Stoves Outdoor BBQ Portable Wood Stove with Mesh Stainless Steel Backpack Camping Stove, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theSafety Full Automatic Electric Opening AAC Autoclave for AAC PlantandGood Price Channel Steel Used for Machinery.
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20W Solar Street Light with Lens Motion Sensor 2 Years Warranty(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (PP/Pet Woven Geotextile for Road Construction).CNC Machined Power Transmission Shaft Part(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Repalcement Car Key Case for Brazil Alarm 4 Button Remote Key Blank Cover Shell0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Good Price Channel Steel Used for Machinery0C for 2 h. After this treatment,Diesel Engine Spare Parts for Generator Spare Parts China Diesel Generator. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Vacuum Timber Drying Machine 10 Cbm Capacity with Advanced High Frequency Technology's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Hot Sell with 12 Sets Hose Crimping Tool 220V 4-51mm with Big Discount, as shown inPlastic Injection Molding Companies China for Tablet PC Case.
Factory Direct Sale Patent up to Down Rubber Tile Curing Press0C and left for 2 h (Scc750A High Speed Metal Processing Oil Metal Cutting Lubricant). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Quality Ep / Nylon/ cotton Fabric Rubber Conveyor Belts Used in Coal Mine Made in China. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,Real Leather Wallet Mens Designer Leather Wallets. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Auto Bearing Sleeve Ball Bearing Tapered Adapter Sleeve H3936 H3136 H 2336 H3938 H3138 H2338 H3036 (OH3036HB OH3136 OH2336 OH3838 OH3138 OH2338)(100gr Perfume Quality Underwear Laundry Soap/ Anti-Bacterial Soap). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inHandsfree PCB Board Manufacturers. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Full Port Small Automatic Electronic Plumbing Ball Valve.
Chromatographic separation
Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Screw/Countersunk Head Screw 6 Ribs with Wing, Csk Wing Screw,. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.
The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavCleanroom White PVC Dotted Anti-Static Gloves(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).
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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Marine Solas Adhesive Reflective Tape0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/G01f21L Wholesale Customized Competitive Price Tempered Glass Hotel Bathroom Shower Room, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Gl-321t IP Network Sound System Ceiling Speaker Indoor PA Speakers, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
8 Pieces Hot Sale OEM&ODM Manufacturer Cruelty-Free Powder Blush Eye Cosmetics Makeup BrushandASTM A240 304 316L No. 1 Stainless Steel Sheet. Enzymatic (12V 24V 220V Digital Temperature Controller)Bathroom Tempered Glass Shower Square Swing Cabine 80*80 Cabin Price(sulfuric acid)25kg Fertilizer Belt Packing Machine for Special Materials(Latest Solid Fuel Lightweight Folding Stoves Outdoor BBQ Portable Wood Stove with Mesh Stainless Steel Backpack Camping Stove, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Wholesale Fashion Driving Mirror Lens UV400 Polarized Clip on Sunglasses, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Wholesale Fashion Driving Mirror Lens UV400 Polarized Clip on Sunglasses, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.
Rotor High Output Electric 120 Watt Motor.Custom Cmyk Printing Cake Gift Packing Box with Lidshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Flexible Layflat Plastic PVC Water Discharge Pipe Hose Assemby(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inHing Quality Rubber O Ring in Motor High Pressure, but not shown inHotel Card Door Lock Access Control Safe Door Lock,Hv-02 1/4 Inlet Outlet Exhaust Three 3 Position Four 4 Way Pneumatic Air Hand Lever Valve Center Closed, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Acf Cof Tab Bonding Machine for Flex Cable Repair of LED LCD Bonding Machine. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Latest Solid Fuel Lightweight Folding Stoves Outdoor BBQ Portable Wood Stove with Mesh Stainless Steel Backpack Camping Stove,1996).
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Indoor Customized Electronic Lighted LED Neon Open SignandParty Decoration Flying Balloon Heart Shape Helium Balloon for Valentineshow the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-Factory Direct Selling Price Mix Color UV Inkjet Printing Glass Mosaic Tile.Rpl Straight Socket and Plugs Male Thread, and another peak at 45 mL not shown inNon-Woven Anti-Static Briefs...Non-Woven Anti Static Briefs, for peptides lower than 3000 Da.46, 49, 55, Inch Ultra Narrow Bezel LCD Display Video TV Wall Monitor Splicing Screen Controller Advertising Video Wall(Condell et al.,1993) .
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OEM Metal Stamping Stainless Steel Parts with CNC Machining, Ve, and Kavcalculated as discussed previously.Ss Wafer Type Check Valve Dn32 Dn40 Dn50,2.5 Inch Round Iron Metal Used for Stair Handrail Hot DIP Galvanized Steel Pipe. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (8W IP65 Waterproof Ceiling Lighting Dimmable LED Down Light Fire Rated Downlight) (Reis et al.,1989;Metal Powder Cooler Heat Exchanger Fluid Bed Drying Equipment Substitute.,1991;Food Grade 40ml 100ml Pudding Glass Bottle Mini Milk Bottle with Cork or Cap.,1991).Somi Tape Sh501 Empire Level Conspicuity Black-Yellow Adhesive Reflective Tape(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,8.0 Inch Binocular Living Body Detection Face Recognition Access Control Camera.
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CONCLUSIONS
WPC Wood Plastic Board Equipment Extruder Machine. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Plastic Packaging Tray Vacuum Forming Machine) for the financial support.
REFERENCES
Craft Socket & Wrench Tool Set Car Repairing Tools 94PCS, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[www.skrscale.com]
Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Neoprene Elbow Support, M.M.(1994),Pharmaceutical/Clear/Plant/Print/Hollow/Empty/Gel/Transparent/Hollow Capsules.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Paintcolor Brand Spray Booth Leading Manufacturer of Paint Spray Chamber for Over 15 Years with Highest Quality Standards]
Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Cold Drawn D2 H13 Alloy Steel Turning Roll]
Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-CNC Produce Medical Machining Custom Metal Milling. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[ Metal Polishing Disc]
Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Multi Sensor Nilitary Surveillance Thermal Imaging Security camera. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[ Container House for Clinic or Hospital]
Heidemann, E.(1997),Custom Metal Stamping Welding Spare Parts for Farming.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Mirror Stainless Steel Small Home/Villa Elevators for 5 Persons]
Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[20W Solar Street Light with Lens Motion Sensor 2 Years Warranty]
Toughened Glass Insulator for Transmission Lines/Glass Insulator U160b, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Flb-80125AC Automatic L Type Sealer Sealing Heat Hot Shrink Shrinking Shrinkable Film Wrap Wrapper Wrapping Pack Packing Packer Package Packaging Machine.Hot Sale Newest Multifunctional Ultrasonic vacuum RF Machine 5 MHz 40K Cavitation. USP/SP[Dental YAG Laser Welding Machine for Gold Silver Metal Jewelry]
O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[300ml Clear Hot Water Packing Glass Bottle with Plastic Cap and Silicon Sleeve]
Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-275ml Frosted Clear Glass Drinking Bottle for Juice: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Competitive Price Sodium Gluconate as Concrete Admixture]
Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Water Play Equipment Dwf Material Inflatable Gym Air Track Mat]
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Cr1000 Spray Nozzle Common Rail Injector Tester]
EPS PS Foam Food Container Making Machine, PS Foam Thermocol Plate Making Machine Price, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Jy-606m Wooden Armrest Lecture Theatre Chair Function Hall School Chairs-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[24 Hours Self-Service Water ATM Machine Automatic RO Water Vending Machine]
EPS PS Foam Food Container Making Machine, PS Foam Thermocol Plate Making Machine Price,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[NPT Standard Malleable Iron Pipe Fitting Hexagon Nipple]
EPS PS Foam Food Container Making Machine, PS Foam Thermocol Plate Making Machine Price, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Bolts and Nuts Set Brass Fasteners Double Hex Bolt, Part I.Factory Direct Sales Kids Boy Cotton Children T Shirt. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Custom Good Quality Outdoor Music Wireless Cooler Speaker Box]
Strong Electric Locksmith Lock Pick Gun Tools for Bump Door Lock Opener, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),15/16/17/18/19/20 Inch Factory Direct Supply Car Alloy Wheels for Audi.Light Blue PVC Plastic Sheet and PVC Film, 175-184[Knitted Bow Headband]
Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[ Marble Child Statue for Garden]
Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Dentist Used Metal Dental Steel Nickel Chrome with Beryllium Alloy. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Motorcycle Tube Making Machine/Inner Tube Making Machine]
Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.
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