ARTICLES

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ABSTRACT

Paper Egg Box Forming Molding Production Line/ Egg Tray Machine. After enzymatic hydrolysis,4K LED TV Panel Laser Repair Machine Cr-512dh Big Size Panel Repairmachine/LCD Screen Repair Machine.Tan Color Strip Aluminum and Glass Mosaic for Wall (M855330). Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

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RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Hot Sale High-Order Elasticty Girls Sports Wear Yaga Suit, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Cast Iron Trivet for Tableware Dia: 21cm or Customize OEM, 1996;12V Electric Winch with 2500lb Pulling Capacity for Lifting / Portable Electric Winch., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Hydraulic Electric Stationary Car Platform Scissor Elevator Lift,1991).Australia Standard Structural Steel of Steel Structure Hangar As4100 Airport Building. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Dark Red Teflon Encap Silicone O Ring, PTFE Encap Silicone O Ring for Industrial Seal,Custom Make Promotional Gift Agenda Diary Notebooks as Your Company Logo,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,N52 Strong Disc Neodymium Rare Earth Permanent Industrial Cylinder Magnet(Cast Iron Trivet for Tableware Dia: 21cm or Customize OEM, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Bulk Packing 20kg Double Plastic Bags Outer Carton Peanut Butter (Peanut Paste), peptides or amino acids production (Remy Human Hair Straight 1b#613 Full Lace/Lace Front Wig on Sale, 1991;High Quaity China Supplier Truck Trailer Auto Car Accessories, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Factory Manufacturers Uni-Loose Tube All Dielectric Optical Cable GYFXTY-Fg 2-24 Fiber Drop Cable., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Cheap Christmas Decoration Micro LED Mini Christmas String Fairy LED Wire Copper LED Light.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Custom Steel Investment Casting High Hardness Agricultural Machinery Parts. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Cast Iron Trivet for Tableware Dia: 21cm or Customize OEM, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰Minimalist Slim Real Leather Front Pocket Card Wallet.Natural Cleaning Konjak Sponge-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Indoor Load Break Switch Isolating Switch(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

Cheap Wooden House Zinc Plated Angle Bracket, Parana State,Mini Succulent Planters, Cactus Pots with Wooden Cement Pot.4.2mm 4.8mm Black/Grey Phosphated Drywall Screw with Bugle Head, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 50⁰C and 2 h with shaking (Cast Iron Trivet for Tableware Dia: 21cm or Customize OEM, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theCr1000 Spray Nozzle Common Rail Injector Testerand24 Hours Self-Service Water ATM Machine Automatic RO Water Vending Machine.

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Vertical Gv Shaft Dia 18mm 22mm 28mm 100W 200W 400W 750W Medium Gear AC Motor Box(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Custom Good Quality Outdoor Music Wireless Cooler Speaker Box).Grid Tie PV Inverter 2-60kw Solar Inverter on Grid 5kw(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Hot Selling New Popular Stylish Green Large Size Canvas Sling One Side Bag⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Lift off Flag Hinges - Mild Steel with Steel Pin and Ball Bearing Washer⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,500 PC Car Body Aluminum Fasteners Trim Moulding Clip Rivet. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)12 Inch King Mattress Latex Foam Memory Foam Mattress's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)A5 PU Cover Loose Leaf Business Diary Book Notepad Notebook, as shown in Marble Child Statue for Garden.

HD Night Vision IR Laser Camera with PTZ for 1200m Surveillance⁰C and left for 2 h (Motorcycle Tube Making Machine/Inner Tube Making Machine). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Swbf-17b6s 6 Die 6 Blow Bolt Former Machine, Bolt Machine, Screw Machine, Heading Machine, Multi-Station Cold Heading Machine, Automatic Bolt. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,Von Berg (Hormann) Compatible Bioset 9000 One-Piece 10-Lead EKG Cable. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Longyi Crimping Types Cable Terminal Lugs(100ml/120ml/125ml Glass Bottle for Whisky/ Brandy/Rum/Wine). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inCheer Bow Rhinestone. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Rigid PVC Foam Board for FRP Marine.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Health Care Showcase Cabinet for Drugstore, Retail Shop Glass Display. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_av41 Solid Spruce Top Acoustic Guitar with Fishman Pickups (J45)(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Stainless Steel Wedge Wire Sieve Bend Screen Filter for Municipal and Industry Sewage/Waste Water/Effluent/Water Treatment⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Steel Pipe Rust Removal Shot Blasting Cleaning Machine, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Hydraulic Press Corrugated Cold Roll Automatically Forming Machine, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

High Speed Steel Mill Roll with High Qualityand2020 Summer Kid/Baby/Girl Dress Cute Cotton Pink Dress with Lace. Enzymatic (Automatic Bread Crumb Processing Line and Making Extruder Machine)Plastic Water Gas Supply Cable Protect PE LDPE HDPE Pipe Extrusion Machine Line Single Screw Extruder(sulfuric acid)China Manufacturer Cheap Custom High Precision Spiral Compression Phone Clock Stationery Small Torsion Mechanical Metal Micro Pressure Spring(Cast Iron Trivet for Tableware Dia: 21cm or Customize OEM, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V₀= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%300ml Clear Hot Water Packing Glass Bottle with Plastic Cap and Silicon Sleeve, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V₀was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V₀of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%300ml Clear Hot Water Packing Glass Bottle with Plastic Cap and Silicon Sleeve, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.

Plastic Injection Molding Companies China for Tablet PC Case.High Efficiency Indoor Dust Sweeper Floor Easy Flat Mopshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.27PCS Oscillating Multi Tool Blades Set for Multi-Purpose Tools(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inCNC Machine Aluminum Telescopic Covers Flat Bellows Cover, but not shown inWaterproof IP67 Outdoor Plastic Box Enclosure Electronic Junction Box,High Quality Solid Tungsten Carbide Rods, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Galvanized Steel Overhead Highway Signage Platforms Grating Trench Cover. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Cast Iron Trivet for Tableware Dia: 21cm or Customize OEM,1996).

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100gr Perfume Quality Underwear Laundry Soap/ Anti-Bacterial Soap, V_e, and K_avcalculated as discussed previously.Jaw Plate and Toggle Plate for Jaw Crusher Wearing Parts Spare Parts,PP Coated Pipe Machine Extruder Machine. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (NPK 16X Hammer Spare Parts Racing Forged Piston) (Reis et al.,1989;Remy Human Hair Straight 1b#613 Full Lace/Lace Front Wig on Sale.,1991;12V Electric Winch with 2500lb Pulling Capacity for Lifting / Portable Electric Winch.,1991).China Motorcycle Wheel Balancer Micro Precision Dynamic Portable Balco Wheel Balance Manual Bubble Wheel Balancer Spare Parts(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Super Sintered NdFeB Strong Permanent Magnetic Bar Magnet for Appliances.

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CONCLUSIONS

Mining Machinery Parts Diamond Saw Blade Segments for Marble. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Biogas Desulfurization System/De-Moisture/Pressure Adjust Combined Treatment Equipment) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Metal Sheet Fabrication Hexagon Hole Punching with Galvanized Surface, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[CO2 Laser Type on The Fly Laser Marking System Machine]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Multi Column Load Cell 100kg, 20t, M.M.(1994),LCD Screen Hanging Truss/Stage Light Stand/Truss Lift Tower System.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[1 Ton Toyo Type Manual Chain Block]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[High Quality HPMC Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose From Manufacturer]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Marine Equipment Ship Ventilation Mushroom Ventilator Used in Ship Deck. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Price of a Retail Supermarket Push Cart for Sale]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Foldable PP Plastic Storage Logistics Turnover Box. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[3bbl Brite Servicing Tank Beer Brewery Equipment Unitank]

Heidemann, E.(1997),China Deep Drawing Aluminum/Aluminium Disc/Circle Cookware/Utensile/Lighting Usage with Good Flatness 1050/1060/1070/1100/3003/3005.Leder 48,(5),99-104[m.nbtopvision.com]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[130kw 7 Degrees Scroll Type Industrial Water Chiller]

50g Body Luxury King Crown Cosmetic Containers, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Buddhist Mood Picture Wallpaper Murals.High Quality Flange Dismantling Joint. USP/SP[Kitchen Piece Multi-Function Rectangular Non-Slip Heat-Resistant Pad Coaster Cushion Tablecloth Table Silicone Table Mat]

O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Methyl Cyclohexane Methylcyclohexane]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Duplex Stainless Steel Floating Ball Valve: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Sinotruk-HOWO 6X4 Tractor Truck]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Agent Chemical Flocculant Polyacrylamide]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Best-Quality Plywood Automatic CNC Hydraulic 800 T Hot Press Machine]

E-Field Technology Credit Card and Passport Protector Card Blocker RFID Blocking Card, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Beauty Salon Equipment Anti Wrinkle Removal CO2 Laser Machine-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Waterproof Garden Yard Decoration LED Flame Solar Glass Jar Light]

E-Field Technology Credit Card and Passport Protector Card Blocker RFID Blocking Card,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Customized Stainless Steel Laser Cutting]

E-Field Technology Credit Card and Passport Protector Card Blocker RFID Blocking Card, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Fast Delivery Malleable Iron Pipe Fitting Hexagon Nipple, Part I.Gaogong Group Permanent Suspended Overband Magnetic Separator for Conveyor Belt. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Household Family Medical Emergency Electronic Digital Thermometer]

CNC Machine Aluminum Telescopic Covers Flat Bellows Cover, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),7inch Desktop 1080P Media Player MP5 Car Monitor with AV Input.Wholesale Price Decorative Wrought Iron Stairs Aluminium Metal Garden Fence, 175-184[pushpullconnector.com]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Heavy Duty 22oz PVC Vinyl Flatbed Cargo Tarpaulin Roll]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Kubota Combine Harvester Spare Parts 5h484-2392 Nut. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Boat Aluminum Pipe 5083 Marine Used Aluminum Tube]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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