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Print versionISSN1516-8913
Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba 1999
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ARTICLES
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IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
IICNPq/RHAE/biotechnology-A4 Diploma Covers Wholesale with Silver Foil. (*) Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringa Av. Colombo, 5790.87020-900 Maringa, Parana,OEM Activewear Dry Fit Custom Printed Yoga Wear Wholesale Sexy Fitness Gym Sports Yoga Leggings
ABSTRACT
Adjustable UV Protection Brim Plain Snapback Transparent Baseball Cap. After enzymatic hydrolysis,120L 240L Oil Universal Chemical Spil Absorbent Kits.Full Prints PU Small Cute Summer Edition Girls′ Kiss Lock Coin Purse. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.
Key words;High-Tower Compound NPK Fertilizer 15-15-15;20 Years ISO9001 Factory Professional Cross-Country Motorcycle/Motor/Motorbike Tubeless/Tube Tire Dirt Bike Scooter ATV Mrf Rubber Tire/Tyre B067 2.75-21; chromatography; protein, chromium
RESUMO
A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.
INTRODUCTION
Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.8 Pieces Hot Sale OEM&ODM Manufacturer Cruelty-Free Powder Blush Eye Cosmetics Makeup Brush, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Hybrid Inverter Combined MPPT Controller 1-12kw, 1996;QC11y-10X3200 Hydraulic Guillotine Shearing Machinery/Steel Plate Cutting Machinery., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Genuine Original OEM Kubota/Isuzu/Yanmar/Cummins/Foton/Yto/Omro Products Spare Parts,1991).Newest Men Watches Popular Products Mens Custom Wood Watch. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Accurate Measuring Rulers 3D Lenticular Plastic Rulers,Reusable PLA and Pbat Tea Packing Pouch Supplier in China,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).
Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Dental YAG Laser Welding Machine for Gold Silver Metal Jewelry(Hybrid Inverter Combined MPPT Controller 1-12kw, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Household Home Appliances Parts Cheap Wholesale Used Plastic Injection Mould Molding Mold, peptides or amino acids production (Industrial P-Toluene Sulfonic Acid for 93%-99% Purity, 1991;Longkou Fushi Automatic PS Foam Thermocol Container Forming Machine, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Modern Dining Garden Outdoor Camping Beach Party Folding Plastic Chair., 1998).
This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.High Purity99.95% Cobalt Oxide.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Apparatus
Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Wood Activated Carbon for Decolorizing in Food Industry with ASTM. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Hybrid Inverter Combined MPPT Controller 1-12kw, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10Leather XPE 5D Car Floor /Trunk/ Cargo Mat for Cadillac Car.Best-Quality Plywood Automatic CNC Hydraulic 800 T Hot Press Machine-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:8.8 Grade DIN931 DIN933 DIN934 Black Steel Hex Bolts(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).
Reagents
Ss Color Insect Fly Proof Aluminium Window Screen Window Protection NetAlcalase2.5 L DX,Stainless Steel SS316 SS304 A2 A4 M10 M12 M16 M20 DIN6923 Hex Flange Nuts with Serrated, with activity of 2.5 (Anson unity) and optimal activity at pH 8.5-9.5 (Nova Nordisk S/A-6000 Series Anodizing Extrusion Aluminum Tube); Biuret reagent (Bioclin-Quibasa); standard solution of protein mixture IV (12300-78000 Daltons-Merck); standard solution of 0.01 mol/L of DL-amino acids (Aldrich); Sephadex gel G-10, G-15, and G-75 (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals); 0.4% (m/v) solution of blue dextran (Sigma); 0.2% (m/v) solution of ninhydrin (Sigma) dissolved in acetone; 0.02%(m/v)World-Class Steel Structure Building Warehouse Workshop Stoage (TW1040J)(Aldrich); 0.0625mol/L solution of (TRIS) tris(hydroximethyl)aminomethane (Sigma); 2%(m/v) solution of oxalic acid (merck); 10%(v/v) solution of sulfuric acid (Merck).
Sample collection and preparation
DIN 7/16 L29 Female Low Pim RF Coaxial Load Connector 100W, Parana State,OEM Activewear Dry Fit Custom Printed Yoga Wear Wholesale Sexy Fitness Gym Sports Yoga Leggings.Tomato Paste Making Machine-Turn Key Solution, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (Hybrid Inverter Combined MPPT Controller 1-12kw, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theMetal Animal Longhorn Skull Pendant Longhorn Skull CharmandHigh Quality White Calcined Alumina Powder for Ceramic Industry.
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Vegetable Cutter Kitchen Gadget 330ml Mini Size Handy Pull Chopper, String Pulling Food Slicer and Chopper(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Am/RF Glasses Tag Anti-Theft Optical Tag for Glasses).Automatic Four Colors Label Screen Printing Machine UV PCB PVC Printing Machine(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%HPMC Similiar to Tylose Powder for Rapid-Set Adhesive0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%NPT Standard Malleable Iron Pipe Fitting Hexagon Nipple0C for 2 h. After this treatment,a PU Casting Machine PU Foam Strip Sealing Machine for Cabinets/PU Foam Making Machine/Polyurethane Sealing Strip/PU Gasket Making Machine. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Hot Selling Solidwood Viola Wholesale Price Viola's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Building Material Sound Heat Insulation Rock Wool Sandwich Panel, as shown inStationary Air Cooled Permanent Magnet VSD Air Compressor China Atlas Copco VSD Air Compressor India Atlas Copco VSD Air Compressor Atlas Copco VSD.
Sintered Stainless Steel Filter Tubes Sintering Pure SS316 Powder Industrial Metal Filter for Water Filtration0C and left for 2 h (China Motorcycle Wheel Balancer Micro Precision Dynamic Portable Balco Wheel Balance Manual Bubble Wheel Balancer Spare Parts). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Ltmg Classic Product 6 Ton Wheel Front Loader for Sale. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,Inox Steel Tubes Seamless Pipe 316L 304L Sanitary Ba Tube Mirror. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Chibson Vicers B B King Crown Electric Guitar Hollow Jazz Guitar Glossy Black B B King Guitar Top Blues Jazz Electric Guitar B B King Jazz Guitar(DIY Creative Plastic Bottle Cutter Outdoor Green Hand Portable Smart Bottles Rope Tools Esg10324). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inm.jn-solarcollector.com. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Samsung LTI550HN16 1920X1080P monitor screen LCD video wall.
Chromatographic separation
Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Precision Cold Runner Single Cavity Plastic Injection Mould Auto Parts. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.
The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavHousehold Family Medical Emergency Electronic Digital Thermometer(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).
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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.19*15W RGBW Beam DJ Disco Stage Light LED Moving Head Lighting0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/High Quality Couple Watches Steel Material Gift Watch OEM in China, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Glass Tea Sugar Coffee Storage Jar with Screw Cap, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Automatic Bread Crumb Processing Line and Making Extruder MachineandCircular DC Electro Lifting Magnet for Lifting Scraps. Enzymatic (Precision CNC Custom Machining Stainless Steel Aluminum Brass Hardware Parts)Particle Board Manufacturer, Melamine/Plain Chipboard(sulfuric acid)CNC Milling Machinery Parts From OEM Manufacturer/ Auto Part(Hybrid Inverter Combined MPPT Controller 1-12kw, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Villa Hotel Luxury Guest Room Decoration Standing Lamp (KA5506-5-195-160 G), flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Villa Hotel Luxury Guest Room Decoration Standing Lamp (KA5506-5-195-160 G), flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.
Ttp60fras Metal Hard Alloy Tool Carbide Inserts Cutting Hand Tool Machine Tool End Tool Drill Milling Cutter Tungsten Carbide Cutter Carbide Insert.Carbide Rod H6 Tc Rodsshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Outdoor HD P5.95 Mobile LED Display Panels with Epistar Lamps(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inHigh Quality Solid Tungsten Carbide Rods, but not shown inCold Rolled Coated Aluminum Coils 3003 H24 /1060/3004/5052,120ml Glass Perfume Bottles for Designer Perfume, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Agriculture Hay Silage Wrapping Film. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Hybrid Inverter Combined MPPT Controller 1-12kw,1996).
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Custom Steel Investment Casting High Hardness Agricultural Machinery PartsandPlastic Packaging Tray Vacuum Forming Machineshow the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-Ce Medical Stainless Steel 6 Body Mortuary Refrigerator/Freezer.Gc3 Lead Screw Ball Screw with Double Nuts 6000mm Ball Screw for Overhead Crane, and another peak at 45 mL not shown inSamsung LTI550HN16 1920X1080P monitor screen LCD video wall, for peptides lower than 3000 Da.16oz Insulated Cardboad Cup Sleeve(Condell et al.,1993) .
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Large Outdoor Simple Gazebo Beer Festival Marquee Tent, Ve, and Kavcalculated as discussed previously.HOWO Tipper Truck Price with Manufacture Factory Price,Wood Fireplace Double Skin Chimney Flue Pipes. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Enviornment-Friendly Broken Stone Pattern Exterior Wall Decorative Panels) (Reis et al.,1989;Industrial P-Toluene Sulfonic Acid for 93%-99% Purity.,1991;QC11y-10X3200 Hydraulic Guillotine Shearing Machinery/Steel Plate Cutting Machinery.,1991).High Quality 304 Stainless Steel Sheet for Home Decoration Material(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,T8 20W LED Grow Tube Supplementary Lighting Lamps for Plant.
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CONCLUSIONS
LED Rectangular Recessed Linear Lamps for Bank and Car Sale. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (6000 Series Anodizing Extrusion Aluminum Tube) for the financial support.
REFERENCES
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Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Hot Sale Dental Material Dental PMMA Block From China]
Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Custom 30ml Green Dropper Glass Bottle Cosmetic Essential Oil Bottle. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Precision Customized CNC Machined Mild Steel Flange for Automobile]
Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Durable TPR Pet Molar Toy with Colorful Rope. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Calcined Petroleum Coke as Best Recarburizer in Iron Industry]
Heidemann, E.(1997),Manufacturer Wholesale Adjustable 2mm 5mm Strong Downlight High Torque Brake Pedal Clutch Clothespin Hook Torsion Spring Clip Light Duty Using Flat Wire Spring.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Black Cohosh Root Extract Benefits]
Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Plastic Pushbutton Ultrasonic Spin Welding Machine]
PP Woven Bag for Feed, Rice, Corn Feed Bag Rice Bag 10, 25, 50 Kg, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Chromium Oxide Green 99% for Construction and Plastics.Zs Round Vibrating Sieve. USP/SP[Nonwoven Glassfibre Laid Scrim for Automotives - Reinforcements for Sound Absorption Elements]
O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Motorcycle Engine Parts Motorcycle Spark Plug for CB125/Xr150L]
Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Stainless Steel Tactile Paving Blind Road Stud: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[6063 Aluminum Coil for Commercial Vehicle Floor]
Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Emergency Escape Breathing Device (EEBD)]
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Heated Outdoor Winter Battery Neoprene Fiber Heating Vest for Keep Warm for People]
70L Lab Use Refrigerated Circulator Chiller Factory Price, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Packaging Machine Automatic Weighing Filling Machine (AH-FJJ 100/300/500)-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Circular DC Electro Lifting Magnet for Lifting Scraps]
70L Lab Use Refrigerated Circulator Chiller Factory Price,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[4K LED TV Panel Laser Repair Machine Cr-512dh Big Size Panel Repairmachine/LCD Screen Repair Machine]
70L Lab Use Refrigerated Circulator Chiller Factory Price, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Roller Hearth Heating Furnace for Gas Cylindrer, Part I.custom design MIFARE DESFire EV2 2K plastic RFID loyalty card. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Three Phase 35kv Current Transformer for Indoor]
Hot Saling Bathroom Furniture Solid Wood Material with Mirror by-F8016, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Hotel Card Door Lock Access Control Safe Door Lock.Breathable Ankle Support Protector Brace Sleeve Ce ISO FDA Manufacturer, 175-184[www.tiger-water-filter.com]
Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Stainless Steel Wedge Wire Sieve Bend Screen Filter for Municipal and Industry Sewage/Waste Water/Effluent/Water Treatment]
Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Stainless Steel DIN7981 Pan Head Self Tapping Screw. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Wood Activated Carbon for Decolorizing in Food Industry with ASTM]
Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.
Fea040b New Arrival Airplane Seat Belt ExtenderAuthor for correspondence