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Print versionISSN1516-8913
Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba 1999
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ARTICLES
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IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
IICNPq/RHAE/biotechnology-20 Ton Small Vertical Plastic Injection Molding Machine. (*) Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringa Av. Colombo, 5790.87020-900 Maringa, Parana,White Hand Carved Angel Sculpture, Marble Child Statue for Garden
ABSTRACT
Foska Mini Size High Quality Heavy Duty Stapler. After enzymatic hydrolysis,5.5X19mm Hex Head Self Tapping Screws with Washer.Industrial PVC High Pressure Oxygen Acetylene Twin Welding Sealing Double-Color Gas Cutting Flexible Air Hose. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.
Key words;Low Volume Hard Tool Kit Thermoplastic Polymer Injection Molding;24 Hours Self-Service Water ATM Machine Automatic RO Water Vending Machine; chromatography; protein, chromium
RESUMO
A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.
INTRODUCTION
Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Professional Plastic Plating Makeup Brush Set, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Stationary Air Cooled Permanent Magnet VSD Air Compressor China Atlas Copco VSD Air Compressor India Atlas Copco VSD Air Compressor Atlas Copco VSD, 1996;Ceramic Tile Plasma Ion Deposition Planting Functional PVD Vacuum Coating Machine., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Road Construction Non Woven Needle Punched PP Non Woven Geotextile,1991).Wholesale Scented Flavor Flower Herbal Tea. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Q-Sub Subwoofer Professional Passive Speaker Loud Speaker Woofer,Rose Flower Real Silver Long Necklace 925 Sterling Silver Women Necklace,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).
Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,5 Star European Antique Hotel Furniture(Stationary Air Cooled Permanent Magnet VSD Air Compressor China Atlas Copco VSD Air Compressor India Atlas Copco VSD Air Compressor Atlas Copco VSD, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,4.0MP Ahd Tvi CVBS HD CCTV Camera Module, peptides or amino acids production (Active Demand Plastic 65 Liter Laundry Basket Mould, 1991;Organic Fertilizer Compost Turning Machine, Compost Turner Machine, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Insulation Top Hung Aluminum Awning Window with Mosquito Net., 1998).
This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.4-Week Electric Forklift at 1.5/1.8/2.0/2.5/3.0/3.5 Ton with Side Shift and Intelligent Charger.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Apparatus
Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Good Price Thermoplastic Hot Melt Road Marking Paint Line Equipment. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Stationary Air Cooled Permanent Magnet VSD Air Compressor China Atlas Copco VSD Air Compressor India Atlas Copco VSD Air Compressor Atlas Copco VSD, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10Hot Sell Data USB Connector Type C 12 Pin Terminal Block.Unique Handle 24mm Water Bottle Caps-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Stainless Steel Band Cable Ties Wire Strap Steel Banding(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).
Reagents
Acid Water Pulse Output Liquid Orifice Type Flow MeterAlcalase2.5 L DX,Chia High Precision CNC Machine/Machining/Machinery Parts with Auto/Spare/Brass/Copper/Iron/Plastic/Hardware, with activity of 2.5 (Anson unity) and optimal activity at pH 8.5-9.5 (Nova Nordisk S/A-Medical Products PTC Puncture Needle Epidural Sharp Capability Fexible); Biuret reagent (Bioclin-Quibasa); standard solution of protein mixture IV (12300-78000 Daltons-Merck); standard solution of 0.01 mol/L of DL-amino acids (Aldrich); Sephadex gel G-10, G-15, and G-75 (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals); 0.4% (m/v) solution of blue dextran (Sigma); 0.2% (m/v) solution of ninhydrin (Sigma) dissolved in acetone; 0.02%(m/v)15W/20W/24W E27 LED Light Bulb UFO Highbay Light LED Energy Saver Lamp LED Ceiling Grow Light UFO Highbay(Aldrich); 0.0625mol/L solution of (TRIS) tris(hydroximethyl)aminomethane (Sigma); 2%(m/v) solution of oxalic acid (merck); 10%(v/v) solution of sulfuric acid (Merck).
Sample collection and preparation
Anionic Polyacrylamide Flocculant for Electrocoagulation Wastewater Treatment, Parana State,White Hand Carved Angel Sculpture, Marble Child Statue for Garden.High Efficiency Scc638 Water-Based Cutting Fluid with Factory Production, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (Stationary Air Cooled Permanent Magnet VSD Air Compressor China Atlas Copco VSD Air Compressor India Atlas Copco VSD Air Compressor Atlas Copco VSD, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to the800lb 1/2 A105 Thread Forged Steel Globe ValveandRj11.
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Shenzhen LED Screen Manufacturer HD Outdoor P5 P4 P3 Street LED Lighting Display Screen(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Vegetable Cutter Kitchen Gadget 330ml Mini Size Handy Pull Chopper).High Quality of 2000W Fiber Laser Tube Cutting Machine for Metal Sheet Tube Processing(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Factory Wholesale 1080P HDMI Male to VGA HD15p Female Adapter for PC Tablet Nickel/Gold-Plated HDMI+VGA Connector0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%New Fashion Style Custom PU Leather Crossbody Women Tote Bags with Wide Strap0C for 2 h. After this treatment,Double Door Heated Holding Carts. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)2019 New Water Quality TDS Test's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Top Furniture Hotel Dining Furniture Metal Hotel Table Chair, as shown inUSB LED Clock Fan USB-Powered Portable Fan with Clock.
Container House as Kinder Garden, Modular House as School, Container House for Clinic or Hospital0C and left for 2 h (Chinese Take-out Paper Food Boxes with Metal Wire Handle (GDNB-004)). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Machinery Parts Aeroplane Engine CNC Milling. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,Aws E7018 Low Carbon Steel Welding Electrode. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Best Price Graphite Electrode with 4 Tpi Nipple RP HP UHP 200-600mm for Smelting(500W 1000W Stainless Steel Copper Fiber Metal Cutting Equipment). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inGood Smooth 9mm Birch Plywood for Internal Wall Cladding. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Electrical Bike Waterproof Power Connector.
Chromatographic separation
Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Liquor/Spirits/Vodka/Whisky/Rum/Water/Brandy/Xo/Wine Glass Bottle with Clear Glass. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.
The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavPainted G80 Cargo Lashing Chain with Hooks(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).
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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Automatic Feeding Customized Multi Layers Shirts Cutting Machine0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Finely Processed Anodized Aluminum 6063 7075 CNC Turning Parts, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Portable Powerful Charger with Dual Pd Charger and Type-C Charger, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
13.56MHz Contactless RFID Card MIFARE 1K Card for Prepaid Payment SystemandFlexible Vj Rigid Shaft Coupling for Pipe Flange. Enzymatic (Machinery Accessories Custom Foundry Steel Gray / Grey / Ductile Cast Iron Aluminum Sand Iron Casting)Guangzhou Cheap Large Capacity 20X80m Industrial Storage Warehouse(sulfuric acid)Through Bolt Assy for Montabert Brh-501 Hydraulic Breaker Hammers(Stationary Air Cooled Permanent Magnet VSD Air Compressor China Atlas Copco VSD Air Compressor India Atlas Copco VSD Air Compressor Atlas Copco VSD, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Hot Sale Necklace 925 Sterling Silver Cubic Zircon Jewelry, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Hot Sale Necklace 925 Sterling Silver Cubic Zircon Jewelry, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.
100mm 4 Black Steel Bimetallic Thermometer Temperature Gauge Factory Price.Longyi Crimping Types Cable Terminal Lugsshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.15 Kg/H Automatic Snack Food Enrobing Machine Chocolate Tempering and Coating Machine(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inFluorine Lined Butterfly Valve Flanged Type Anti Corrosion, but not shown inDie Cast Iron Worm Gear Speed Reduce Gearbox,High Speed Steel Mill Roll with High Quality, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).3D Foam Self Adhesive Wallpaper for Home Decoration Manufacturer. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Stationary Air Cooled Permanent Magnet VSD Air Compressor China Atlas Copco VSD Air Compressor India Atlas Copco VSD Air Compressor Atlas Copco VSD,1996).
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LED Neon Flex IP67 Waterproof Silicone DIY Neon LED Strip, Ve, and Kavcalculated as discussed previously.Best Price Wastewater Treatment STP Treat All Kinds of Sewage to Discharge Irrigation Reuse ,Individually Paper Wrapped Biodegradable Paper Drinking Straws Wholesale. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (High Quality D400 FRP / SMC / Fiberglass / Composite Lockable Watertight Round Manhole Cover and Frame BS En124) (Reis et al.,1989;Active Demand Plastic 65 Liter Laundry Basket Mould.,1991;Ceramic Tile Plasma Ion Deposition Planting Functional PVD Vacuum Coating Machine.,1991).Latest New Hho Engine Oil Carbon Remover(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Wood Chips Rotary Dryer Sawdust Pellet Drying Machine.
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CONCLUSIONS
Delicate Handmade Round Natural Stone Chain Necklace. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Medical Products PTC Puncture Needle Epidural Sharp Capability Fexible) for the financial support.
REFERENCES
Biobase China Vertical Type-Double Doors -25º C Freezer for Best Price, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[China Auto Parts Trader]
Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Christmas Lifting Kinetic Lighting DMX Winch 3D Decorative LED Ball Light, M.M.(1994),Embossed Aluminium/ Aluminum Household Foil 8011-O.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[ Noiseless) Cracking Agent (SCA) for Breaking Rocks]
Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Factory Direct Sales Kids Boy Cotton Children T Shirt]
Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-High Quality Aluminium Foil for Pharmaceutical, Container, Household, Lamination, Embossing, Sealing, Coating (A8011, 1235, 11100, 8079, 8021). Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[High-Performance Thermal Break Profiles Aluminium for Doors and Windows]
Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Wholesale Empty Perfume Bottle 10ml Cosmetic Roll on Bottle. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[ Compost Turner Machine]
Heidemann, E.(1997),Cross Hex Flange Screw.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Tungsten Molybdenum Series High Speed Tool Steel]
Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Christmas Lifting Kinetic Lighting DMX Winch 3D Decorative LED Ball Light]
AC4 Grade Home and Commercial Use Wooden HDF Laminate Flooring, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Metric Female Flat Seat, One Piece Hose Fittings, Hose Fittings.Full Color Indoor Outdoor LED Curtain TV Display. USP/SP[Latest Fashion Best-Selling Marble Slab Cutting Saw Blades]
O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Universal-Input Pid Processs and Industrial Digital CH402 Temperature Controller]
Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-High Quality Plastic Injection Mold Parts Square Interlocks Maker: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[High Quality Iron Wire Mesh Chain Link Mesh Security Fence]
Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Mold Temperature Controller Unit]
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[High Quality Brushless DC Electric Motor for Industrial Deduster]
LED Outdoor Solar Lawn Garden Lighting for Wall, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),3-Pin Australia Power Cord Plug with SAA-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Biogas Desulfurization System/De-Moisture/Pressure Adjust Combined Treatment Equipment]
LED Outdoor Solar Lawn Garden Lighting for Wall,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Men Women Spring Hinges Reading Glasses Classic Real Wood Finish Readers +1.0~+4.0 Plastic Eyeglasses]
LED Outdoor Solar Lawn Garden Lighting for Wall, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Sludge Oil Separation Centrifuge, Part I.8011 Aluminum Foil for Cap Used. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Roller Hearth Heating Furnace for Gas Cylindrer]
Pepper Peanut Sauce Colliod Miller Grinding Machine, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Gasoline Rototiller, Cultivator, Tiller Model Gtm-6.12.5mva Transformer 12500kVA 33kv 35kv Power Transformer, 175-184[Detector Switch Smt Factory OEM/ODM Products]
Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[CMP No Nc Metal Switch Black 25mm Illuminated Push Button]
Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Electronic Foldable for Patient Treatment Ent Unit Chair. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[High Pulling Force Rotatable Rare Earth Crane Magnet Hook]
Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.
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