ARTICLES

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ABSTRACT

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RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Custom Steel Investment Casting High Hardness Agricultural Machinery Parts, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Minimalist Slim Real Leather Front Pocket Card Wallet, 1996;Natural Cleaning Konjak Sponge., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Indoor Load Break Switch Isolating Switch,1991).Biodegradable Disposible Straw Pulp Food Box Ppp-1007. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,T5557 T5567 T5577 ATA5577 Thin Card Security Thin RFID Chip Card,Biogas Desulfurization System/De-Moisture/Pressure Adjust Combined Treatment Equipment,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,NBR Latex Adhesive for Glove(Minimalist Slim Real Leather Front Pocket Card Wallet, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Cheap Wooden House Zinc Plated Angle Bracket, peptides or amino acids production (4.2mm 4.8mm Black/Grey Phosphated Drywall Screw with Bugle Head, 1991;Vertical Gv Shaft Dia 18mm 22mm 28mm 100W 200W 400W 750W Medium Gear AC Motor Box, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Grid Tie PV Inverter 2-60kw Solar Inverter on Grid 5kw., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Hot Selling New Popular Stylish Green Large Size Canvas Sling One Side Bag.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Lift off Flag Hinges - Mild Steel with Steel Pin and Ball Bearing Washer. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Minimalist Slim Real Leather Front Pocket Card Wallet, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰500 PC Car Body Aluminum Fasteners Trim Moulding Clip Rivet.12 Inch King Mattress Latex Foam Memory Foam Mattress-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:A5 PU Cover Loose Leaf Business Diary Book Notepad Notebook(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

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41 Solid Spruce Top Acoustic Guitar with Fishman Pickups (J45)(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Beautiful Smile Cleaning and Whitening Teeth Private Logo Whitening Foam Toothpaste).Stainless Steel Furniture Gold PVD Plasma Coating Machine(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Stainless Steel Wedge Wire Sieve Bend Screen Filter for Municipal and Industry Sewage/Waste Water/Effluent/Water Treatment⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Steel Pipe Rust Removal Shot Blasting Cleaning Machine⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,Hydraulic Press Corrugated Cold Roll Automatically Forming Machine. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)2020 Summer Kid/Baby/Girl Dress Cute Cotton Pink Dress with Lace's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Automatic Bread Crumb Processing Line and Making Extruder Machine, as shown inLight Blue PVC Plastic Sheet and PVC Film.

Plastic Water Gas Supply Cable Protect PE LDPE HDPE Pipe Extrusion Machine Line Single Screw Extruder⁰C and left for 2 h (Foldable PP Plastic Storage Logistics Turnover Box). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.China Manufacturer Cheap Custom High Precision Spiral Compression Phone Clock Stationery Small Torsion Mechanical Metal Micro Pressure Spring. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,300ml Clear Hot Water Packing Glass Bottle with Plastic Cap and Silicon Sleeve. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Plastic Injection Molding Companies China for Tablet PC Case(Lift off Flag Hinges - Mild Steel with Steel Pin and Ball Bearing Washer). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inCustom Elite Thin Cotton Crew Plain Solid White Gray Black Cotton Ribbed Mens Business Socks. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,27PCS Oscillating Multi Tool Blades Set for Multi-Purpose Tools.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%High Quality Solid Tungsten Carbide Rods. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avGalvanized Steel Overhead Highway Signage Platforms Grating Trench Cover(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.High Tensisle Strength Tissue Paper⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Tractor Mounted Beach Cleaning Equipment Large Size, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/100gr Perfume Quality Underwear Laundry Soap/ Anti-Bacterial Soap, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

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CONCLUSIONS

Gaogong Group Permanent Suspended Overband Magnetic Separator for Conveyor Belt. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Von Berg (Hormann) Compatible Bioset 9000 One-Piece 10-Lead EKG Cable) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

CNC Machine Aluminum Telescopic Covers Flat Bellows Cover, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Bluesmart Integrated Outdoor Solar Garden Luminaire with Motion Sensor]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,7inch Desktop 1080P Media Player MP5 Car Monitor with AV Input, M.M.(1994),Wholesale Price Decorative Wrought Iron Stairs Aluminium Metal Garden Fence.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Copper-Pressed V-Type Expansion Pipe Joint]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[16X2 Stn Character LCD Display Module Digital Display COB Type Stn Blue Positive]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Kubota Combine Harvester Spare Parts 5h484-2392 Nut. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Dark Red Teflon Encap Silicone O Ring]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Nellcor SpO2 Extension Sensor Cable 5 Core SpO2 Adapter Cable. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[300W/500W Metal Sheet Fiber Laser Cutting Machine Price CNC Router]

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Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[HVAC Contactor /Air Conditioner Contactor /Definite Purpose Contactor]

Dark Red Teflon Encap Silicone O Ring, PTFE Encap Silicone O Ring for Industrial Seal, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Steel Floor Deck Post Cutting Cold Roll Forming Machine.Similar Kavo8000b Fiber Optic Turbine with Water Volume Adjustable Coupling (KV180). USP/SP[Gym Workout Anti-Cellulite Compression Push up Trousers Fitness Leggings Sports Wear]

O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Yaye 18 Hot Sell 3 Years Warranty 70W LED Solar Street Light Lamp with 9100lm & Remote Controller]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Fluorous Rubber Coated Fiberglass Cloth: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Fashion Style Lady Alloy Quartz Watch with Simple Dial]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[accessories]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Breathable Ankle Support Protector Brace Sleeve Ce ISO FDA Manufacturer]

Sinotruk Spare Parts Differential Planetary Gear with Part No. Az9231320152, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),280-350-500-550ml Glass Water Bottle with Sleeve (Customized Design Pattern)-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[2019 Earn Money Cabinet Games Coin Operated Tekken 7 Retro Japanese]

Sinotruk Spare Parts Differential Planetary Gear with Part No. Az9231320152,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Cixi Kent Factory High Quality Inch Deep Groove Ball Bearing R10 R10zz R4 R188 R168 R3a R3 R166 R156 Use in Inch Bearing Place]

Sinotruk Spare Parts Differential Planetary Gear with Part No. Az9231320152, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:PS Foam Disposable Fast Food Box Making Machine, Part I.K Helical Bevel Gearboxes Reducer Motor. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[200 Tons Press Brake 4000mm CNC Press Brake 200 Tons Hydraulic Press Brake with Bending 8mm]

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Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[16 Spindle Lace High Speed Braiding Machine Textile Machinery]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Custom Free Logo Design Cheap Hand Flag (NF01F02021). Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Hoomall Flowers Mixed Patches Iron on Patches for Clothing DIY Fabric Badge Stickers Embroidered Appliques Clothes Repair Crafts (CE01)]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

CH Series Pid Intelligent Temperature Controller CH102Author for correspondence