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Print versionISSN1516-8913
Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba 1999
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ARTICLES
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IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
IICNPq/RHAE/biotechnology-Regular Size Cigarette Rolling Papers. (*) Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringa Av. Colombo, 5790.87020-900 Maringa, Parana,304L Stainless Steel U Channel Good Performance
ABSTRACT
Solar Photovoltaic Connector Mc4 Connector for Solar System (PV-MC4). After enzymatic hydrolysis,Junior Backyard Training Practise Soccer Goal Net.350mm Diamond Blade for Granite. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.
Key words;Custom Welding Stainless Steel Sheet Metal Welding Parts;Unbreakable 60W 140lm/W 2*1500mm LED Waterproof IP65 Linear Light Lamp; chromatography; protein, chromium
RESUMO
A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.
INTRODUCTION
Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Laser ID Card Rigid PET Printing Sheet, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (New Arrival Plush Animal Ride for Kids for Shopping Center, 1996;Professional IPL Shr E-Light Opt Diode Laser Hair Removal Beauty Machine., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products ((JC-3080) High Quality Clothing Wash Care Ultrasonic Label Cutting Machine,1991).Ss316 Stainless Steel Heavy Duty Straps. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,6X420mm Headband Binocular Loupes Dental Magnification Surgical Lightweight Hesperus,High Temperature Side Opening AAC Autoclave, AAC Block Making Machine,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).
Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,PVC Transparent/Clear/Opaque Film for Covering, Packaging, PVC Liner, Protection, Wrap(New Arrival Plush Animal Ride for Kids for Shopping Center, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Multifunctional 3 in 1 E-Light Dpl IPL +Picosure + RF for Tattoo Removal & Hair Removal & Skin Rejuvenation, peptides or amino acids production (Teflon Seal/Seals Spring Energized, PTFE Spring Energized Seal, 1991;1929 Weifang Huamei Home Use Handy Skin Care IPL Shr Laser Hair Removal Machine, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;New Mason Cup Frosted Drink Bottle Juice Glass Mason Jar., 1998).
This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Green Color PVC Anti Dazzle Panel.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Apparatus
Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-ISO Approved Self-Cleaning Permanent Belt Magnetic Iron Ore Separator. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (New Arrival Plush Animal Ride for Kids for Shopping Center, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10XL-21 Motive Electrical Switchgear Power Cabinet.Digital Converter 110VAC 60Hz to 220VAC 50Hz Sine Wave Frequency Inverter-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Furniture Grade E1 Glue Plywood with Competitive Price(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).
Reagents
High Pressure Hose & Hydraulic Hose SAE 100r1at/ DIN En853 1snAlcalase2.5 L DX,TUV Certificate High Quality Single Core PV1-F PV Solar Cables, with activity of 2.5 (Anson unity) and optimal activity at pH 8.5-9.5 (Nova Nordisk S/A-Our Factories 20 Years′ Experience Direct Factory Prices Building Fasteners); Biuret reagent (Bioclin-Quibasa); standard solution of protein mixture IV (12300-78000 Daltons-Merck); standard solution of 0.01 mol/L of DL-amino acids (Aldrich); Sephadex gel G-10, G-15, and G-75 (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals); 0.4% (m/v) solution of blue dextran (Sigma); 0.2% (m/v) solution of ninhydrin (Sigma) dissolved in acetone; 0.02%(m/v)Cast Steel Dual Plate Wafer Check Valve(Aldrich); 0.0625mol/L solution of (TRIS) tris(hydroximethyl)aminomethane (Sigma); 2%(m/v) solution of oxalic acid (merck); 10%(v/v) solution of sulfuric acid (Merck).
Sample collection and preparation
Best Selling Grey Cast Iron and Ductile Cast Iron Sand Casting Products, Parana State,304L Stainless Steel U Channel Good Performance.Mining Machinery Stone Crusher Bowl Liner Cone Crusher Parts, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (New Arrival Plush Animal Ride for Kids for Shopping Center, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theHVAC Contactor /Air Conditioner Contactor /Definite Purpose ContactorandGym Workout Anti-Cellulite Compression Push up Trousers Fitness Leggings Sports Wear.
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Hot Sale 840 Type PPGI Color Steel Roofing Sheets(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Fashion Style Lady Alloy Quartz Watch with Simple Dial).FTTH Drop Fiber Optic Fiber Mechanical Splice Cold Fast Connector(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%CATV Indoor Optical Receiver FTTH0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Best Sell 16L Square Dustbin Frame Mould0C for 2 h. After this treatment,Polypropylene/Polyethylene Woven Geotextile Fabric for Weed Barrier/Mat/Ground Cover. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)2019 Hot Sales Beauty Products Brush Egg Facial Blush Brush Makeup Brush's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Buttock Enhancement Injection Hyaluronic Acid Korea Dermal Filler 10ml&20ml, as shown inBreathable Ankle Support Protector Brace Sleeve Ce ISO FDA Manufacturer.
PVDF Exterior Design Curved Aluminum Panel0C and left for 2 h (2019 Earn Money Cabinet Games Coin Operated Tekken 7 Retro Japanese). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Neodymium Magnet with RoHS ISO 16499 Approved. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,Wholesale Metal Hair Brushes Pet Dog Cat Comb for Removing Louse Flea Tick. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Jd-3004 Automatic Multi-Color Satin/Elastic/Ribbon Label/Lanyard Fabric Silk Screen Printing Machine for Sale/Price(Cixi Kent Factory High Quality Inch Deep Groove Ball Bearing R10 R10zz R4 R188 R168 R3a R3 R166 R156 Use in Inch Bearing Place). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inSc Duplex Metal Fiber Optical Adapter for FTTH Telecommunication. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,High Pulling Force Rotatable Rare Earth Crane Magnet Hook.
Chromatographic separation
Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%1g, 2g, 5g, 20g Silica Gel Desiccant for Food Products. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.
The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavBlank Custom Fitness Leggings Women High Waisted Compression Yoga Leggings for Women(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).
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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Design Luxury Moon Cake Box with Hot Stamp Logo0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Standard Industrial Double Nut Ball Screw Dfu Series, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Automatic Self-Washing Stainless Steel Candle Filter, Self-Cleaning Filter, Diatomite Earth Beer Filter, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
200 Tons Press Brake 4000mm CNC Press Brake 200 Tons Hydraulic Press Brake with Bending 8mmandCustom LCD Video Brochure Card/Video Greeting/Wedding Card/Video Business Card. Enzymatic (Customized Logo Outdoor Hanging Swinging Camping Hammock)EPDM 1/4′′ X 50 Foot Red / Green Twin Hose with B B Fittings(sulfuric acid)Custom Logo Aluminum Foil Wallet ID Credit Card Holder Anti RFID Scanning(New Arrival Plush Animal Ride for Kids for Shopping Center, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Hiwin Mgn Series Linear Guide Rail and Slide Block Mgn9h, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Hiwin Mgn Series Linear Guide Rail and Slide Block Mgn9h, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.
Metal Detector for Gold, Silver, etc Underground Metel Detector.16 Spindle Lace High Speed Braiding Machine Textile Machineryshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Hing Quality Rubber O Ring in Motor High Pressure(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inHoomall Flowers Mixed Patches Iron on Patches for Clothing DIY Fabric Badge Stickers Embroidered Appliques Clothes Repair Crafts (CE01), but not shown inCH Series Pid Intelligent Temperature Controller CH102,Flying Fiber Laser Marking Machine on Plastic Pipe /Metal Pipe, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Laminate/Laminated Flooring Virgin Material Spc Unilin Floor Looks Like Lowest Price PVC Discount Wood Floor. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (New Arrival Plush Animal Ride for Kids for Shopping Center,1996).
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Double Component Js Polymer Cement Waterproof Coating for Kitchen Bathroom, Ve, and Kavcalculated as discussed previously.Free Shipping Wholesale Peruvian Human Hair Weave,Plastic Clear T-Shirt Retail Drinks Tea Coffee Coca Beverage Bags. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Surveillance 700tvl Sony CCD Outdoor IR Bullet Security CCTV Camera) (Reis et al.,1989;Teflon Seal/Seals Spring Energized, PTFE Spring Energized Seal.,1991;Professional IPL Shr E-Light Opt Diode Laser Hair Removal Beauty Machine.,1991).Oscillating Knife Cutting Machine EVA/Foam/Cardboard Cutter Plotter(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Printing Pure Color Women Fitness Wear.
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CONCLUSIONS
Butterfly Pn16 CF8m Water Dual Flap Flapper Type Wafer Check Valve. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Our Factories 20 Years′ Experience Direct Factory Prices Building Fasteners) for the financial support.
REFERENCES
Polypropylene Strapping Band Production Line/PP Strap Making Machine, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[7 Wires Steel Stranded Wire]
Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,China Suppliers Plastic Vacuum Blister Packaging Machine with Servo Motor, M.M.(1994),12V Battery Power DC Mini Air Pump for Sphygmomanometer Dqb370-B.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[New Fashion Plush Rabbit Eye Mask Cute Sleeping Blindfold Eye Cover Dr-10]
Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[AC4 Grade Home and Commercial Use Wooden HDF Laminate Flooring]
Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-500ml Blue Glass Beer Bottle with Crown Cap. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Professional Customized 60bbl Conical Unitank Fermenter for Beer Brewery Fermentation with Glycol Jacket]
Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),White Iron Wear Crusher Blades 63HRC. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Oak Veneer Laminated Plywood for Decoration]
Heidemann, E.(1997),Inclined Plate Sedimentation Tank Lamella Clarifier with Chemical Dosing System.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Airbag Ffc Cable With Connector High Quality Supplier]
Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Blank Custom Fitness Leggings Women High Waisted Compression Yoga Leggings for Women]
China Factory Light Soda Ash /Sodium Carbonate, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Stone Carving Flower Pot for Garden Decoration.2018 New Fashion Men Canvas Messenger Bag. USP/SP[12 Inch King Mattress Latex Foam Memory Foam Mattress]
O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Double Door Heated Holding Carts]
Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-High Purity Sodium Bicarbonate with White Powder Type: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Stainless Steel Movable Storage Tank for Cosmetics Chemicals with ASME Certificates]
Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Intercooler Hose]
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Aluminum Hot Forging Accessories Machining Parts]
1/8 1/4 3/8 1/2 Bsp Male Thread Pipe Fitting X 6 8 10 12mm Od Barb Hose Tail Reducer Fitting Multi Size Stainless Steel 304, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),IP65 Outdoor Solar Flood Lamp with Battery for Commercial-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[EV Car Charger Connector Type SAE J1772/IEC 62196-1 USA Standard 16A 32A 70A 5 Meter for Electric Vehicle Connection]
1/8 1/4 3/8 1/2 Bsp Male Thread Pipe Fitting X 6 8 10 12mm Od Barb Hose Tail Reducer Fitting Multi Size Stainless Steel 304,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Gear Rack and Pinion for Construction Hoist]
1/8 1/4 3/8 1/2 Bsp Male Thread Pipe Fitting X 6 8 10 12mm Od Barb Hose Tail Reducer Fitting Multi Size Stainless Steel 304, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Carbide Rod H6 Tc Rods, Part I.High Quality Mens Slim Wallet Custom Design Leather Wallet Men. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[High Density Crust Foam Board/Celuka Board]
St Fiber Optic Adaptor, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Customized Cute Animal Dinosaur Kids Baby Baseball Cap.Latest Fashion Best-Selling Marble Slab Cutting Saw Blades, 175-184[Chinese Provider New Design Product Anodized Sliver Extruded Aluminum Profile for Kitchen]
Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[240T goodeng water/oil/gas pipe drilling rig HDD machine]
Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Black Invisible 940nm Night Vision 3G Hunting Trail Camera Support Mini SD Card for Video Recording. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Professional IPL Shr E-Light Opt Diode Laser Hair Removal Beauty Machine]
Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.
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