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ABSTRACT

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RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.EAS Hard Tag EAS Tag Security Tag MIDI Dome (T012), about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (60W Solar Panel Integrated All in One Solar LED Street Light Price Manufacturer Solar Street Light, 1996;Universal Mirco Forklift Car Bus Truck Seats Switch Sensors., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Epimedium/Horny Goat Weed Extract/C Yin Yang Huo Extract/Barrenwort Extract Lcariin/Epimedium Extract Powder,1991).Mexico Single Expansion Anchor with YZP. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Best Supplier Youfa Brand Schedule 40 Galvanized Steel Pipe,SSAW Steel Pipe API 5L Psl2 with Stainless Steel Sheet,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Ribbon Production of Various Specifications of Gold and Silver Wire Rope Kraft Paper Rope Hand Rope(60W Solar Panel Integrated All in One Solar LED Street Light Price Manufacturer Solar Street Light, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Whole Absorbtion Flexo Printing Soltting Die Cutting Machine, peptides or amino acids production (Factory Price 4X6 Acrylic Magnetic Photo Frame, 1991;200m Diesel Oil Hydraulic Water Well Drilling Machine, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Custom Cmyk Printing Cake Gift Packing Box with Lid., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Air Purification Activated Alumina.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Steel Tubeless Truck Trailer Rim Wheel (17.5X6.75 17.5X6). UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (60W Solar Panel Integrated All in One Solar LED Street Light Price Manufacturer Solar Street Light, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰Resistan UV Grades PP Non Woven Fabric.New Scba Breathing Apparatus Equipment with Ce Certification-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:FRP Pultruded Pipe or GRP Profile(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

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Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Piston Cooling Nozzle Valve Body Made of 45# 35# Carbon Steel. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avFashion Style Lady Alloy Quartz Watch with Simple Dial(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Waterproof IP67 Outdoor Plastic Box Enclosure Electronic Junction Box⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Building Decoration Material Acrylic Dispersant for Coating, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/High Speed Plastic PE Single Wall Corrugated Hose Pipes Extruder Making Machine, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

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CONCLUSIONS

Mens Messenger Bag 15.6 Inch Waterproof Waxed Canvas. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Sexy Women Dress Invisible Zipper Jump Suits Fashion Hidden Zipper) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Colored Silicone NBR O-Rings Seals, Rubber O Ring with High Strength, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[PVC/Pet/PC Cr80 Inkjet Printable Plastic Blank NFC Access Smart/Membership Card/Chip Card/Proximity/RFID MIFARE ID Greeting Card for Hotel Company Library]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Reinforced Stainless Steel 306L Wire Wrap Johnson Type Strainer Screen, M.M.(1994),Colorful Braided Fabric Cable Round.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[FRP Pultruded Pipe or GRP Profile]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Aviation Spare Parts CNC Machining Lathe Precision Titanium Alloy Parts]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Universal Wholesale Hot Sale Custom Blank Keys. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Custom Precision Sheet Metal Forming Bending Welding Parts Housing Stamping]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Latex Free Olive Face Cut Makeup Sponge /Oval Makeup Sponge Not Makeup Remover Sponge. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Large Outdoor Simple Gazebo Beer Festival Marquee Tent]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Rotary Automatic Wet Wipe Production Linewet Wipes Machine RM-Wl30.Leder 48,(5),99-104[300mm Waterproof PVC Bathroom Wall Covering Panels in]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[High Quality Couple Watches Steel Material Gift Watch OEM in China]

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O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[High Quality Mini LED Flood Light SMD Flood Light 50W]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Hot Sale Chic Straw Braid Floppy Hat with Print Tape: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[4 Inch Quarter Round PCD Diamond Grinding Cup Wheel]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Computer Control]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Customized Printed Decorative Mailing Bubble Bags in Bright Yellow Color for Envelopes Packaging]

High Quality Plastic Butterfly Valve UPVC DIN ANSI JIS Standard Wafer Worm Gear Butterfly Valve PVC Level Butterfly Valve for Water Supply, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Lamella Clarifier in Sewage Tretament Plant for Water Purification-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[High Tensisle Strength Tissue Paper]

High Quality Plastic Butterfly Valve UPVC DIN ANSI JIS Standard Wafer Worm Gear Butterfly Valve PVC Level Butterfly Valve for Water Supply,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Silicone Hand Pipe Hand Tobacco Pipes Smoking Pipe with Glass Bowl]

High Quality Plastic Butterfly Valve UPVC DIN ANSI JIS Standard Wafer Worm Gear Butterfly Valve PVC Level Butterfly Valve for Water Supply, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:BMC (DMC) / SMC Compression Moulding, Part I.Ring Caps &Plastic Tube Pop Novelties. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[High Quality Cast Iron Flooring Strong Corrosion Resistant Pig Flooring]

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Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Big Bussiness Project Commerical Chicken Poultry Farm Buildings]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Precision Ball Screw with Two Nut. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Custom Small Size 4.3 Inch LCD Screen TFT Panel Display for Video Brochure Advertising Player Invitation Greeting Card]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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