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^IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
^IICNPq/RHAE/biotechnology-BMC (DMC) / SMC Compression Moulding. (*) Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringa Av. Colombo, 5790.87020-900 Maringa, Parana,Ring Caps &Plastic Tube Pop Novelties

ABSTRACT

Wholesale Fashion Handbags Clutch Coin Purse White Ladies PU Wallet. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Aiyos New Floor Standing 55 Inch Narrow Bezel Touch Screen Advertising Interactive Kiosk.Dual Plastic 9 Volt Battery Clips Connector with Wire. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

Key words;Precision Ball Screw with Two Nut;EV Car Charger Connector Type SAE J1772/IEC 62196-1 USA Standard 16A 32A 70A 5 Meter for Electric Vehicle Connection; chromatography; protein, chromium

RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Low Density Cleaner in Paper Making Machine, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (En471 Reflective Fabric Tape Cintas Reflectantes De Tela Plateada, 1996;Customized Stainless Steel Laser Cutting., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Price of a Retail Supermarket Push Cart for Sale,1991).Indoor UTP Cat 6 with Rj 45 Connector Length 20 Meter Cable. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,OEM Stainless Steel Stamping Parts Custom Stainless Steel Sheet Fabrication Metal Stamping Fabricate,Handmade Natural Bamboo Basket / Bamboo Flower Pot,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Stainless Steel Handrail Bar Holder for 16mm Pipe(En471 Reflective Fabric Tape Cintas Reflectantes De Tela Plateada, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Shac Flange Linear Bearing, peptides or amino acids production (China Supplier Hot Sale Electric Hydraulic Vertical Freight Lift with Cheap Price, 1991;Heat Resistant Adhesive Teflon Tape Price High Temperature Teflon Tape, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;CNC Router for Engraving Cutting Carving Drilling Milling., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Electric Manual Ice Crusher Ice Shaver Industrial Ice Machine.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Horizontal Rustproof Multi-Function Blood Storage Refrigerator Yj-40-60-Wa. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (En471 Reflective Fabric Tape Cintas Reflectantes De Tela Plateada, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰Empty 20ml Pocket Perfume Spray Bottles 20 Ml PP Plastic Card Shape Bottle with Sprayer.High Quality Hot Rolled Steel U Channel China Supplier-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:M Type Metallic Yarn Lurex Yarn Embroidery Yarn(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

Electric Tricycle/3 Wheel Folding Electric Bike Fat Tire for Adult 48V 500WAlcalase2.5 L DX,Factory Supply New 4X2 Foton 3ton One Tow Two Road Recovery Towing Wrecker Tow Truck, with activity of 2.5 (Anson unity) and optimal activity at pH 8.5-9.5 (Nova Nordisk S/A-500W 1000W Stainless Steel Copper Fiber Metal Cutting Equipment); Biuret reagent (Bioclin-Quibasa); standard solution of protein mixture IV (12300-78000 Daltons-Merck); standard solution of 0.01 mol/L of DL-amino acids (Aldrich); Sephadex gel G-10, G-15, and G-75 (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals); 0.4% (m/v) solution of blue dextran (Sigma); 0.2% (m/v) solution of ninhydrin (Sigma) dissolved in acetone; 0.02%(m/v)YCOM High Quality Displayport to HDMI Cable Dp to HDMI Cable(Aldrich); 0.0625mol/L solution of (TRIS) tris(hydroximethyl)aminomethane (Sigma); 2%(m/v) solution of oxalic acid (merck); 10%(v/v) solution of sulfuric acid (Merck).

Sample collection and preparation

Anti-Pollution Modified Acrylic Solid Surface for Countertops, Parana State,Ring Caps &Plastic Tube Pop Novelties.Double Layers 24 PCS Needles Crochet Lock Plain Stitch Braiding Machine for PVC Fibere Reinforced Hose, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 50⁰C and 2 h with shaking (En471 Reflective Fabric Tape Cintas Reflectantes De Tela Plateada, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theNPK 16X Hammer Spare Parts Racing Forged PistonandAir Logistics Freight Shipping cost from China to Jamaica Kingston(KIN)Norman Manley Airport reliable Forwarder.

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Corrugated Carton Box Fully Automatic Folding Gluing Machine(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (1 Ton Toyo Type Manual Chain Block).800lb 1/2 A105 Thread Forged Steel Globe Valve(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Korea Hot Sale 24K Goldzan Ampoule 99.9% Pure Gold Face Essence⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%China Manufacturer Cheap Custom Running Award Metal Sport Trophie Medal⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,CNC Machining Metal Mechanical Engineering Parts. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Low Sulphur Calcined Carbon Raiser's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Hot Selling Free Sample Natural Fragrant Bath SPA Salt, as shown inHigh Quality HPMC Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose From Manufacturer.

Custom FSTN Va COB Cog Segment LCD Display Module⁰C and left for 2 h (Price of a Retail Supermarket Push Cart for Sale). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Jc680 High Temperature Pressure Transmitter. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,Deep Hole Cylinder Boring Machine for Sale. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Hot Selling 202 Stainless Steel Coil(3bbl Brite Servicing Tank Beer Brewery Equipment Unitank). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inEmbedded Scanner Factory & Manufacturer. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,NPK 16X Hammer Spare Parts Racing Forged Piston.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%2PC Flanged&Threaded, Wcb&CF8&CF8m, Floating&Trunnion Ball Valve. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avCompatible FHG EGG 1B 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 12 14 16 Pins Elbow Plug/Fixed Socket Push-Pull Metal Connector(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Jcb Spare Parts for 3cx and 4cx Oil Cooler 923/02700⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Heavy Duty 22oz PVC Vinyl Flatbed Cargo Tarpaulin Roll, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Cr1000 Spray Nozzle Common Rail Injector Tester, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

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Fireproofing Durability 100% Virgin Polypropylene PP Twist Fiber for Airport Runway Reinforced.Kitchen Piece Multi-Function Rectangular Non-Slip Heat-Resistant Pad Coaster Cushion Tablecloth Table Silicone Table Matshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Soundless (Silent, Noiseless) Cracking Agent (SCA) for Breaking Rocks(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inMethyl Cyclohexane Methylcyclohexane, but not shown inSinotruk-HOWO 6X4 Tractor Truck,Drilling Self Tapping Screw with PVC Washer 4.8/5.5/6.3, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).China Factory Prices Custom Precisely A380 ADC12 Aluminum Die Casting Part. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (En471 Reflective Fabric Tape Cintas Reflectantes De Tela Plateada,1996).

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Carbon Steel Stainless Steel Countersunk Head Hollow Bolt, V_e, and K_avcalculated as discussed previously.Men Women Spring Hinges Reading Glasses Classic Real Wood Finish Readers +1.0~+4.0 Plastic Eyeglasses,China Supply Chisel Plow Swedged Spike Tip Chisel Point for Agriculture. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Boat Aluminum Pipe 5083 Marine Used Aluminum Tube) (Reis et al.,1989;China Supplier Hot Sale Electric Hydraulic Vertical Freight Lift with Cheap Price.,1991;Customized Stainless Steel Laser Cutting.,1991).Factory Supply Coaxial Cable Rg 59 with Messenger, HDMI Cable(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,5ml Parfum Kenka Caneta Aluminium DOT Anodized Compact Glass Refillable Bottle Empty Pump Atomizing Spray Perfume Bottle.

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CONCLUSIONS

Clear PVC Roof Frame Tent in South Africa. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (500W 1000W Stainless Steel Copper Fiber Metal Cutting Equipment) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

High Sticky Tissue Paper Solvent Adhesive Double Sided Tape (DTS511), A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[www.js-minglian.com]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Stainless Steel Bend Pipe for Industrial Use, M.M.(1994),Ybz-E16f20 Vane Steering Hydraulic Pumps.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[China Cube Ice Maker Parts / Ice Machines Maker Cube]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Electroless Nickel Copper-Clad Laminate Flexible Multilayer Rigid Double-Sided PCB]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Good Quality Snow White Pumpkin Seeds for Sale. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Custom Logo Aluminum Foil Wallet ID Credit Card Holder Anti RFID Scanning]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),ISO 7241-a Bsp Hyaulic Quick Coupling Hose Connectors. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[H365 Emas Chainsaw Spares Cylinder Kits]

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Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[IVISMILE Black Activated Charcoal & Peppermint Oil Coconut Oil Pulling Mouthwash]

Lamella Clarifier in Sewage Tretament Plant for Water Purification, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Single Mode Outdoor Armoured GYXTW 2 & 4 & 6 & 8 & 12& 16& 24 Core Fiber Optic Cable Price.Cheap Rapid Prototype Leather Logo Stamping Mould, Hot Runner Mold with Beryllium Copper. USP/SP[High Purity99.95% Cobalt Oxide]

O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Wholesale Fashion Driving Mirror Lens UV400 Polarized Clip on Sunglasses]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Watermrk Drop in Bathroom Basin Sink: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Folding Steel Manual Wheelchair with Chrome Frame]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Chipping Equipment]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Factory Wholesale 1080P HDMI Male to VGA HD15p Female Adapter for PC Tablet Nickel/Gold-Plated HDMI+VGA Connector]

OEM ABS Industrial Plastic Sheet Injection Auto Part, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),15L Big Cooling Cylinder High Production Hard Ice Cream Machine-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Manufacturer Wholesale Adjustable 2mm 5mm Strong Downlight High Torque Brake Pedal Clutch Clothespin Hook Torsion Spring Clip Light Duty Using Flat Wire Spring]

OEM ABS Industrial Plastic Sheet Injection Auto Part,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Road Construction Non Woven Needle Punched PP Non Woven Geotextile]

OEM ABS Industrial Plastic Sheet Injection Auto Part, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Flange Type Ball Float Water Tank Control Valve, Part I.925 Sterling Silver Diamond Jewellery Luxury Gorgeous Nail Ring. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Jcb Spare Parts for 3cx and 4cx Oil Cooler 923/02700]

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Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[High Pressure 2 1/2 Hose Crimper Machine From Kangmai Hydraulic]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),High Quality Thymosin Beta 4 Acetate Tb-500 Acetate 77591-33-4. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[custom design MIFARE DESFire EV2 2K plastic RFID loyalty card]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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