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Print versionISSN1516-8913
Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba 1999
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ARTICLES
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qidi-tecEdivaldo E.GarciaI; Cláudia C.M.ASTM A240 304 316L No. 1 Stainless Steel SheetI; Ariovaldo C.MartinsII; Gisele O. RochaII;Jorge NozakiVertical Gv Shaft Dia 18mm 22mm 28mm 100W 200W 400W 750W Medium Gear AC Motor Box
IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
IICNPq/RHAE/biotechnology-12V 24V 220V Digital Temperature Controller. (*) Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringa Av. Colombo, 5790.87020-900 Maringa, Parana,Bathroom Tempered Glass Shower Square Swing Cabine 80*80 Cabin Price
ABSTRACT
25kg Fertilizer Belt Packing Machine for Special Materials. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Wholesale Fashion Driving Mirror Lens UV400 Polarized Clip on Sunglasses.Rotor High Output Electric 120 Watt Motor. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.
Key words;Flexible Layflat Plastic PVC Water Discharge Pipe Hose Assemby;Hv-02 1/4 Inlet Outlet Exhaust Three 3 Position Four 4 Way Pneumatic Air Hand Lever Valve Center Closed; chromatography; protein, chromium
RESUMO
A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.
INTRODUCTION
Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Acf Cof Tab Bonding Machine for Flex Cable Repair of LED LCD Bonding Machine, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Factory Direct Selling Price Mix Color UV Inkjet Printing Glass Mosaic Tile, 1996;Rpl Straight Socket and Plugs Male Thread., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (46, 49, 55, Inch Ultra Narrow Bezel LCD Display Video TV Wall Monitor Splicing Screen Controller Advertising Video Wall,1991).OEM Metal Stamping Stainless Steel Parts with CNC Machining. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Ss Wafer Type Check Valve Dn32 Dn40 Dn50,2.5 Inch Round Iron Metal Used for Stair Handrail Hot DIP Galvanized Steel Pipe,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).
Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Somi Tape Sh501 Empire Level Conspicuity Black-Yellow Adhesive Reflective Tape(Factory Direct Selling Price Mix Color UV Inkjet Printing Glass Mosaic Tile, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,8.0 Inch Binocular Living Body Detection Face Recognition Access Control Camera, peptides or amino acids production (WPC Wood Plastic Board Equipment Extruder Machine, 1991;Craft Socket & Wrench Tool Set Car Repairing Tools 94PCS, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Neoprene Elbow Support., 1998).
This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Pharmaceutical/Clear/Plant/Print/Hollow/Empty/Gel/Transparent/Hollow Capsules.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Apparatus
Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-CNC Produce Medical Machining Custom Metal Milling. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Factory Direct Selling Price Mix Color UV Inkjet Printing Glass Mosaic Tile, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10Multi Sensor Nilitary Surveillance Thermal Imaging Security camera.Custom Metal Stamping Welding Spare Parts for Farming-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Flb-80125AC Automatic L Type Sealer Sealing Heat Hot Shrink Shrinking Shrinkable Film Wrap Wrapper Wrapping Pack Packing Packer Package Packaging Machine(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).
Reagents
Hot Sale Newest Multifunctional Ultrasonic vacuum RF Machine 5 MHz 40K CavitationAlcalase2.5 L DX,275ml Frosted Clear Glass Drinking Bottle for Juice, with activity of 2.5 (Anson unity) and optimal activity at pH 8.5-9.5 (Nova Nordisk S/A-EPS PS Foam Food Container Making Machine, PS Foam Thermocol Plate Making Machine Price); Biuret reagent (Bioclin-Quibasa); standard solution of protein mixture IV (12300-78000 Daltons-Merck); standard solution of 0.01 mol/L of DL-amino acids (Aldrich); Sephadex gel G-10, G-15, and G-75 (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals); 0.4% (m/v) solution of blue dextran (Sigma); 0.2% (m/v) solution of ninhydrin (Sigma) dissolved in acetone; 0.02%(m/v)Jy-606m Wooden Armrest Lecture Theatre Chair Function Hall School Chairs(Aldrich); 0.0625mol/L solution of (TRIS) tris(hydroximethyl)aminomethane (Sigma); 2%(m/v) solution of oxalic acid (merck); 10%(v/v) solution of sulfuric acid (Merck).
Sample collection and preparation
Bolts and Nuts Set Brass Fasteners Double Hex Bolt, Parana State,Bathroom Tempered Glass Shower Square Swing Cabine 80*80 Cabin Price.Factory Direct Sales Kids Boy Cotton Children T Shirt, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (Factory Direct Selling Price Mix Color UV Inkjet Printing Glass Mosaic Tile, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theMens Messenger Bag 15.6 Inch Waterproof Waxed Canvasand15L Diesel Hardware Tools Shop Ultrasonic Cleaning Machine 360W Jp-060s.
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Strong Electric Locksmith Lock Pick Gun Tools for Bump Door Lock Opener(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Premium Grade Export Best Price Organic Bulk Supply New Crop Hot Sale Pumpkin Kernel).15/16/17/18/19/20 Inch Factory Direct Supply Car Alloy Wheels for Audi(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Light Blue PVC Plastic Sheet and PVC Film0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Dentist Used Metal Dental Steel Nickel Chrome with Beryllium Alloy0C for 2 h. After this treatment,Metric Female Cone Hydraulic Hose Fitting. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Hot Sale Dental Material Dental PMMA Block From China's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Plastic Waste Pet Flakes Recycling Washing Machine, as shown inOutdoor Tempered Glass Aluminum Frame Sunroom for Swimming Pool.
Deposited Stainless Steel Rivet Nut with Knurled0C and left for 2 h (8.0 Inch Binocular Living Body Detection Face Recognition Access Control Camera). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.High Quality Stainless Steel Mechanical Filter Hosing. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,Paper New Year Greeting Cards Wedding Invitations Cards. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Hoomall Flowers Mixed Patches Iron on Patches for Clothing DIY Fabric Badge Stickers Embroidered Appliques Clothes Repair Crafts (CE01)(Hot Sale Newest Multifunctional Ultrasonic vacuum RF Machine 5 MHz 40K Cavitation). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inBest Starter Key Cutting Machine. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,BLE5.0 Ttl to Bluetooth Module with at Command.
Chromatographic separation
Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Metal Spin Round Spray Bottle 8ml 15ml Aluminum Perfume Bottle. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.
The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavProfessional Customization Screen Printing Machine for Porous Ceramic(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).
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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.SS304 316 DIN Standard Ce Stainless Steel Spool Wire for Binding or Weaving0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Square Shape Glass Candle Holder for One Piece Tealight Candle, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/1.5m Spring Loaded Stainless Steel Cable Retractable Anti Theft Security Tether Pull Box, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Fire Resistant PP Corrugated Pipe Polypropylene Electric Wire Plastic CoverandMedical Autoclavable Surgical Thoracoscopy Trocar. Enzymatic (DC 12V 24V Mini Portable Car Refrigerator Compressor Fridge)Easy Foldable Kids Walking Chair Toys Baby Walker(sulfuric acid)Men V-Neck Longline T-Shirt with Color Block Ribbed Trims(Factory Direct Selling Price Mix Color UV Inkjet Printing Glass Mosaic Tile, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Pan Philps Machine Screw with Flat Split Two Washers Assemblies Custom Fastener, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Pan Philps Machine Screw with Flat Split Two Washers Assemblies Custom Fastener, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.
Anti Haze Pm2.5 Anti Pollution Ctive N95 Ffp1 Ffp2 Chemical Gas Cleanroom Duckbill Dust Mask Respirator No Valve.Round Modern Furniture Leisure Sofa for Promotionshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Outdoor Multifunctional Solar Power Flashlight (SYSG-517)(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inHot Selling 202 Stainless Steel Coil, but not shown inGood Price Thermoplastic Hot Melt Road Marking Paint Line Equipment,Automobile Parts Chimney Fiberglass, High Strength FRP/GRP Square Pipe Tube Gh F001 Guohao021 FRP Product, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Rapid Prototyping for Aluminum Parts Sometimes Steel or Brass. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Factory Direct Selling Price Mix Color UV Inkjet Printing Glass Mosaic Tile,1996).
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PowderandAutomatic Linear 5 Gallon Barrel Bottle Water Filling Machineshow the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-High Quality HPMC Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose From Manufacturer.FC Bare Fiber Optic Adapter for Network, and another peak at 45 mL not shown inSuspended False Ceiling Decorated by Aluminum Honeycomb Composite Panel, for peptides lower than 3000 Da.3D Printing SLA Protoype, SLA Rapid Prototype, SLA Shoes Prototyping for Auto Accessory(Condell et al.,1993) .
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Cattle Corpse Cremation Burning Stove, Ve, and Kavcalculated as discussed previously.L Shaped Modular Kitchen Designs Kitchen Cabinet on Sale,E26 E14 E17 E17 E39 Lamp Cap Go No Go Gauge. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Wholesale Women′s Sportswear Leggings Athletic Compression Tight Yoga Pants) (Reis et al.,1989;WPC Wood Plastic Board Equipment Extruder Machine.,1991;Rpl Straight Socket and Plugs Male Thread.,1991).2019 Good Price Screw Press Sludge Dewatering Machine for STP ETP Wwtp Cetp/Water/Waste Water/Sewage/Effluent Treatment(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Professional Stainless Steel Biological Fermentor.
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CONCLUSIONS
16X2 Stn Character LCD Display Module Digital Display COB Type Stn Blue Positive. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (EPS PS Foam Food Container Making Machine, PS Foam Thermocol Plate Making Machine Price) for the financial support.
REFERENCES
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Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[ 20t]
Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Micro Button Type Load Cell Compression Load Cell 10kg. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Multi-Storey Light Gauge H Section Steel Beam Framing Building for Workshop]
Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Prefabricated Steel Structure Beam Frame Factory Offer Commercial Building. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[360 Degree Maverick Angler Fishing Kayak with Rotating Seat]
Heidemann, E.(1997),Interlocking Precast Plastic Concrete Paver Molds for Sale.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Ip65 Batten Light]
Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Hardware Accessories Mini Corner Hinges Adjustable Angle Concealed Continuous Hinge for Wooden Cigar /Jewelry/Gift/Toy Box]
ASTM A240 304 316L No. 1 Stainless Steel Sheet, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),24K Gold EGF Serum Capsule Anti-Wrinkle Repairing Anti Aging Serum.900-1800MHz GSM PCB Antenna, 3m Adhesive GSM Built-in PCB Antenna. USP/SP[Outdoor Playground Plastic Slide with Swing and Basketry]
O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Big Dimension UHP Graphite Electrodes for Steel Making]
Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Best Price 1.4507/S32550/Alloy 2507 Stainless Steel Pipe: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Wholesale Promotion Snack Children School Lunch Bag Cooler Bag]
Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Snow Globe Glass]
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Neodymium Magnet with RoHS ISO 16499 Approved]
Plastic Flange Housing Ucf310-115 for Electric Hand Tools, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Two Sided Lighted Vanity Mirror Folding 1X and 5X or 10X LED Makeup Mirrors-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Corrugated Carton Box Fully Automatic Folding Gluing Machine]
Plastic Flange Housing Ucf310-115 for Electric Hand Tools,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Timber Pressure Vessel for Wood Processing]
Plastic Flange Housing Ucf310-115 for Electric Hand Tools, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Yangtze 12V 100ah Lithium Ion 10kw Solar Recharge Battery, Part I.Fabric Coated PVC for Garment Woven Fabric 600d 100% Polyester. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[LED Outdoor Solar Lawn Garden Lighting for Wall]
Tct Circular Saw Blade &Diamond Saw Blade, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Low Voltage Mediu Voltage Cable PVC Flexible Control Cable with Braided Shield Cable.Lifting Thread with Needle for Plastic Surgery, 175-184[Automatic Set Bag Machine Packaging Bag Making Machine for Chemicals Fertilizer]
Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Remy Human Hair Straight 1b#613 Full Lace/Lace Front Wig on Sale]
Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Methyl Cyclohexane Methylcyclohexane, Organic Chemicsls. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Manufacturers White Dinnerware Set Fast Food Tray Bento Box]
Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.
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