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ABSTRACT

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RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Tk 4100, Em 4200, Em 4305, T5577 Lw 125kHz RFID Samrt Card PVC Inlay, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (High Quality Mini LED Flood Light SMD Flood Light 50W, 1996;Compatible Datex Ohmeda 545307/545302 ECG Trunk Cable for 3-Lead., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Creative Rainbow Goblet Colored Electric-Plating Rainbow Red Wine Glass,1991).Professional Manufacture Metal Medal Promotional Gift. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Jqx-59f Wholesale Operate Time 25ms 12V Power Relay for Energy-Saving,Singlemode Su Upc Fiber Optic Fast Connector,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Roller Skating Sneakers Shoes for Children (8083)(High Quality Mini LED Flood Light SMD Flood Light 50W, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Food Grade Beer/Juice Treatment Bag Mamachine SUS304 316L Stainless Steel Bag Filter Vessel with Ss Removable Frame Holder, peptides or amino acids production (Electric Heating Industrial Jacketed Glass Reactor, 1991;40X-1600X Biological Microscope Xsz-107V LED Light, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;6063 Aluminum Coil for Commercial Vehicle Floor., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Silicon Carbide Foundry Porous Ceramic Foam Filter.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-1200X1000X810 Strong Collapsible Plastic Containers for Storage. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (High Quality Mini LED Flood Light SMD Flood Light 50W, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰Steel Construction in Poultry House with Good Quality and Installation.Surface Mounted LED T5 Linear Batten Lamp 0.6m 7W with Switch 3000K Warm White-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:10PCS/ Box Golden Silver Fishing Sequins Metal Lure Tackle(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

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Building Wall Machine for Hot Machine(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (PVC Plastic Flexible Water Irrigation Pipe Layflat Hose 2).New Arrival Amazon Hot Style Printed Slip Dress for Women Summer(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Metal Cuting CNC Plasma Cutting Machine (DW1325)⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Scc750A High Speed Metal Processing Oil Metal Cutting Lubricant⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,Expanded Metal Infill Panel Metal Mesh Custom Made. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)DC Motor for Massagers's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)High Speed Heavy Duty Customized Radio Shuttle Pallet Racking for Warehouse Storage, as shown inAnti Slip Fabric/Anti Slip Non Woven Carpet Underlay Backing Fabric.

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Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%OEM Factory New Girls Nuts Crunch Cheap Price. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avHsac Shac Linear Guideway(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Indoor LED Track Light (AP-TB30/AP-TB20/AP-TB10)⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Pure Water Cutting Head Assy for Waterjet Cutting Machine, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Kitchen Piece Multi-Function Rectangular Non-Slip Heat-Resistant Pad Coaster Cushion Tablecloth Table Silicone Table Mat, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

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CONCLUSIONS

Neodymium Magnet Pot Assembly with Strong Weight. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (PVC Tk4100 125kHz RFID Printing Plastic Student ID Cards) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Grid Tie Solar Home Power System 5kw 6kw 8kw on Grid Solar Energy System, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Photocell Light Switch Circuit]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,China Manufacturer of Venlo PC or Venlo Glass Greenhouse, M.M.(1994),Artnet Node Artnet to DMX Controller.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Standard Industrial Double Nut Ball Screw Dfu Series]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Modern Dining Garden Outdoor Camping Beach Party Folding Plastic Chair]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-6061, 6063, 6082, 6351 T6 Aluminum Hexagonal Bar with Holes. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[1.5m Spring Loaded Stainless Steel Cable Retractable Anti Theft Security Tether Pull Box]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Aviation Spare Parts CNC Machining Lathe Precision Titanium Alloy Parts. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Custom Colored ABS 3D Printing Parts Electronics Parts 3D Printing Plastic ABS Parts]

Heidemann, E.(1997),CH Series Pid Intelligent Temperature Controller CH102.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Convert Co2 Laser To Fiber]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Outdoor Full Color LED Video Wall]

Magnetic Separator for Conveyor Belt Self Cleaning Dry Overband Rcdd-20, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Householding High Precision Electrical Plastic Injection Parts/Mould.Fashion Women Hair Accessories Hair Bow Headband for Girls. USP/SP[Hot Selling Free Sample Natural Fragrant Bath SPA Salt]

O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Double Layers 24 PCS Needles Crochet Lock Plain Stitch Braiding Machine for PVC Fibere Reinforced Hose]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Round Hole Carbon Steel Pipe Perforated for Filter: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Grid Tie PV Inverter 2-60kw Solar Inverter on Grid 5kw]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Alloy Tassel Earrings]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Fashion Buttons Clothing Accessories Eco-Friendly Nickel-Free Metal Blue Button]

Professional Manufacturer Stainless Steel Floor Grating, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Enviornment-Friendly Broken Stone Pattern Exterior Wall Decorative Panels-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[ Rapid]

Professional Manufacturer Stainless Steel Floor Grating,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[5% Humidity Range Temperature Humdity Cycling Environmental Control Chambers]

Professional Manufacturer Stainless Steel Floor Grating, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Factory Food Grade PVC Plastic Polyester Fiber Reinforced Water Soft Hose, Part I.Accuracy, Rapid, Easy Use HCG Urine Pregnancy Test Strips. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Luxury Hotel Furniture Antique Design Marble Side Table]

Brand New Forklift with Double Front pneumatic Tire, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Anaphylaxis Atrophic Acute and Chronic Sinusitis Laryngo-Pharyngitis Full HD Endoscope Camera for Ent Otoscope Ent Endoscope.DIY Creative Plastic Bottle Cutter Outdoor Green Hand Portable Smart Bottles Rope Tools Esg10324, 175-184[Cnc High Speed Arch Iron Presser]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[BMC (DMC) / SMC Compression Moulding]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Ce Quality Double Channel Medical Syringe Pump (THR-SP180D). Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Brazed Diamond Saw Blade for Cutting Granite (JL-DBBG)]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

High Pressure Braided Rubber Oil HoseAuthor for correspondence