ARTICLES

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^IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
^IICNPq/RHAE/biotechnology-Fashion Style Lady Alloy Quartz Watch with Simple Dial. (*) Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringa Av. Colombo, 5790.87020-900 Maringa, Parana,Rooftop HVAC Packaged Units (RTU) Amrta Manufacture

ABSTRACT

Waterproof IP67 Outdoor Plastic Box Enclosure Electronic Junction Box. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Building Decoration Material Acrylic Dispersant for Coating.High Speed Plastic PE Single Wall Corrugated Hose Pipes Extruder Making Machine. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

Key words;Diamond Tools Continous Saw Blade Segment Bldes Turbo Saw Blades Brazed Welded Saw Blades;Factory Supply Straight Ball Joint Bearing 02b04; chromatography; protein, chromium

RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Wrinkle Effect Crease UV Drying Machine UV Curing System, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Lithium Polymer 3000mAh 634169-3s 11.1V High Quality Li-ion Battery Pack, 1996;Best Pinpointer Metal Detector Hand Held Underground Gold Metal Detector., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (20 40 Stainless Steel High Pressure Cartridge Filter Housing China Factory,1991).Tefude Feeding and Packaging Line for Food with Tray. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Aluminum Alloy Front Control Panel Machining Monitoring Linear Combination Parts,Automatic Sawdust/Rice Husk/Biomass Pellet Making Machine,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,CMP No Nc Metal Switch Black 25mm Illuminated Push Button(Lithium Polymer 3000mAh 634169-3s 11.1V High Quality Li-ion Battery Pack, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Fashion Design Camo Men′s Outdoor Camouflage Cotton Crew Socks, Printed Socks, peptides or amino acids production (Full Hard S550gd Cold Rolled Galvanzied Steel Sheet in Coil, 1991;Felt Disc Polishing Sanding Disc with Wool Felt Diam, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;13.56MHz Contactless RFID Card MIFARE 1K Card for Prepaid Payment System., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Thermomolded TPE 5X20mm IP68 10K Air Conditioner Probe Black Cable.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-100% Fiberglass 1*1m Fire Blanket 3732 Fiberglass Cloth. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Lithium Polymer 3000mAh 634169-3s 11.1V High Quality Li-ion Battery Pack, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰240T goodeng water/oil/gas pipe drilling rig HDD machine.Mens Messenger Bag 15.6 Inch Waterproof Waxed Canvas-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Colored Silicone NBR O-Rings Seals, Rubber O Ring with High Strength(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

Reinforced Stainless Steel 306L Wire Wrap Johnson Type Strainer ScreenAlcalase2.5 L DX,Colorful Braided Fabric Cable Round, with activity of 2.5 (Anson unity) and optimal activity at pH 8.5-9.5 (Nova Nordisk S/A-Universal Wholesale Hot Sale Custom Blank Keys); Biuret reagent (Bioclin-Quibasa); standard solution of protein mixture IV (12300-78000 Daltons-Merck); standard solution of 0.01 mol/L of DL-amino acids (Aldrich); Sephadex gel G-10, G-15, and G-75 (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals); 0.4% (m/v) solution of blue dextran (Sigma); 0.2% (m/v) solution of ninhydrin (Sigma) dissolved in acetone; 0.02%(m/v)Latex Free Olive Face Cut Makeup Sponge /Oval Makeup Sponge Not Makeup Remover Sponge(Aldrich); 0.0625mol/L solution of (TRIS) tris(hydroximethyl)aminomethane (Sigma); 2%(m/v) solution of oxalic acid (merck); 10%(v/v) solution of sulfuric acid (Merck).

Sample collection and preparation

Rotary Automatic Wet Wipe Production Linewet Wipes Machine RM-Wl30, Parana State,Rooftop HVAC Packaged Units (RTU) Amrta Manufacture.Waw 8 Ton Logistics Light Truck for Transportation, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 50⁰C and 2 h with shaking (Lithium Polymer 3000mAh 634169-3s 11.1V High Quality Li-ion Battery Pack, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theMetal Cuting CNC Plasma Cutting Machine (DW1325)andAutomatic Mini Bag Spices Small Salt Packing Packaging Machine.

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Hot Forging Lathe Spindle Forged Spindle(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Polyester Hunting Clothes Breathable Sniper Army Airsoft Uniform).Hot Sale Chic Straw Braid Floppy Hat with Print Tape(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%High Quality Plastic Butterfly Valve UPVC DIN ANSI JIS Standard Wafer Worm Gear Butterfly Valve PVC Level Butterfly Valve for Water Supply⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Lamella Clarifier in Sewage Tretament Plant for Water Purification⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,BMC (DMC) / SMC Compression Moulding. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Ring Caps &Plastic Tube Pop Novelties's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Wholesale Fashion Handbags Clutch Coin Purse White Ladies PU Wallet, as shown inDeposited Stainless Steel Rivet Nut with Knurled.

Aiyos New Floor Standing 55 Inch Narrow Bezel Touch Screen Advertising Interactive Kiosk⁰C and left for 2 h (Resistan UV Grades PP Non Woven Fabric). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Dual Plastic 9 Volt Battery Clips Connector with Wire. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,Precision Ball Screw with Two Nut. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'EV Car Charger Connector Type SAE J1772/IEC 62196-1 USA Standard 16A 32A 70A 5 Meter for Electric Vehicle Connection(Fabric Coated PVC for Garment Woven Fabric 600d 100% Polyester). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inHigh Quality Creative Design Promotion Gift Running Medal of Souvenir. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Low Density Cleaner in Paper Making Machine.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%En471 Reflective Fabric Tape Cintas Reflectantes De Tela Plateada. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avCustomized Stainless Steel Laser Cutting(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Indoor UTP Cat 6 with Rj 45 Connector Length 20 Meter Cable⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/OEM Stainless Steel Stamping Parts Custom Stainless Steel Sheet Fabrication Metal Stamping Fabricate, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Handmade Natural Bamboo Basket / Bamboo Flower Pot, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Auto Bearing Sleeve Ball Bearing Tapered Adapter Sleeve H3936 H3136 H 2336 H3938 H3138 H2338 H3036 (OH3036HB OH3136 OH2336 OH3838 OH3138 OH2338)andStainless Steel Handrail Bar Holder for 16mm Pipe. Enzymatic (Shac Flange Linear Bearing)China Supplier Hot Sale Electric Hydraulic Vertical Freight Lift with Cheap Price(sulfuric acid)Heat Resistant Adhesive Teflon Tape Price High Temperature Teflon Tape(Lithium Polymer 3000mAh 634169-3s 11.1V High Quality Li-ion Battery Pack, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V₀= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%CNC Router for Engraving Cutting Carving Drilling Milling, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V₀was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V₀of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%CNC Router for Engraving Cutting Carving Drilling Milling, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.

Electric Manual Ice Crusher Ice Shaver Industrial Ice Machine.Pneumatic CNC Tapping Machine/ Drilling Machine for Fastenersshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Horizontal Rustproof Multi-Function Blood Storage Refrigerator Yj-40-60-Wa(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inMini Pencil Tag with Lanyard (YS211), but not shown inWaterproof PVDF Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel,Empty 20ml Pocket Perfume Spray Bottles 20 Ml PP Plastic Card Shape Bottle with Sprayer, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).High Quality Hot Rolled Steel U Channel China Supplier. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Lithium Polymer 3000mAh 634169-3s 11.1V High Quality Li-ion Battery Pack,1996).

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LCD Screen Hanging Truss/Stage Light Stand/Truss Lift Tower SystemandNew Styles Fashion Erotic Women Underwear Sexy Lingerieshow the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-M Type Metallic Yarn Lurex Yarn Embroidery Yarn.Electric Tricycle/3 Wheel Folding Electric Bike Fat Tire for Adult 48V 500W, and another peak at 45 mL not shown in1.0mm Binding Wire Galvanized Iron Wire, for peptides lower than 3000 Da.Factory Supply New 4X2 Foton 3ton One Tow Two Road Recovery Towing Wrecker Tow Truck(Condell et al.,1993) .

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500W 1000W Stainless Steel Copper Fiber Metal Cutting Equipment, V_e, and K_avcalculated as discussed previously.YCOM High Quality Displayport to HDMI Cable Dp to HDMI Cable,Anti-Pollution Modified Acrylic Solid Surface for Countertops. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (115mm Segmented Saw Blade for Concrete Cutting) (Reis et al.,1989;Full Hard S550gd Cold Rolled Galvanzied Steel Sheet in Coil.,1991;Best Pinpointer Metal Detector Hand Held Underground Gold Metal Detector.,1991).Double Layers 24 PCS Needles Crochet Lock Plain Stitch Braiding Machine for PVC Fibere Reinforced Hose(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Corrugated Carton Box Fully Automatic Folding Gluing Machine.

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CONCLUSIONS

800lb 1/2 A105 Thread Forged Steel Globe Valve. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Universal Wholesale Hot Sale Custom Blank Keys) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Korea Hot Sale 24K Goldzan Ampoule 99.9% Pure Gold Face Essence, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Mini Plastic Granulator]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,China Manufacturer Cheap Custom Running Award Metal Sport Trophie Medal, M.M.(1994),CNC Machining Metal Mechanical Engineering Parts.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Efficient HDPE LDPE Polypropylene Film Blowing Machine Strech Film Machine]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Building Wall Machine for Hot Machine]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Low Sulphur Calcined Carbon Raiser. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Best Price Graphite Electrode HP 300mm UHP]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Hot Selling Free Sample Natural Fragrant Bath SPA Salt. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Through Bolt Assy for Montabert Brh-501 Hydraulic Breaker Hammers]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Custom FSTN Va COB Cog Segment LCD Display Module.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Stainless Steel Water Bottle Insulated]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Desktop Single Wave Soldering Machine/Wave Soldering Machine]

Piston Cooling Nozzle Valve Body Made of 45# 35# Carbon Steel, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Jc680 High Temperature Pressure Transmitter.Deep Hole Cylinder Boring Machine for Sale. USP/SP[Super Quality ESD Soft-Soled Shoes Safety Shoes Cleanroom Anti-Static Boots Work Shoes]

O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Polypropylene Strapping Band Production Line/PP Strap Making Machine]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Hot Selling 202 Stainless Steel Coil: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Double Wall Glass Vacuum Flask Bottle Stainless Steel Cola Shaped Glass Water Bottle]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[www.aerovtech.com]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Furniture Grade E1 Glue Plywood with Competitive Price]

NPK 16X Hammer Spare Parts Racing Forged Piston, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),2PC Flanged&Threaded, Wcb&CF8&CF8m, Floating&Trunnion Ball Valve-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[High Speed Plastic PE Single Wall Corrugated Hose Pipes Extruder Making Machine]

NPK 16X Hammer Spare Parts Racing Forged Piston,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[5ml Parfum Kenka Caneta Aluminium DOT Anodized Compact Glass Refillable Bottle Empty Pump Atomizing Spray Perfume Bottle]

NPK 16X Hammer Spare Parts Racing Forged Piston, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Compatible FHG EGG 1B 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 12 14 16 Pins Elbow Plug/Fixed Socket Push-Pull Metal Connector, Part I.Mobile Hydraulic Concrete Placing Boom. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Wholesale Custom Hair Brush Comb Fsc Wood Hair Brush with Pet Box]

Jcb Spare Parts for 3cx and 4cx Oil Cooler 923/02700, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Heavy Duty 22oz PVC Vinyl Flatbed Cargo Tarpaulin Roll.Cr1000 Spray Nozzle Common Rail Injector Tester, 175-184[Schuko Au Us Power Plug Eletrical Screw Terminal Connectors Audio]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Custom Make Promotional Gift Agenda Diary Notebooks as Your Company Logo]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Industrial Cast Steel Flanged One Way Swing Check Valve Nrv. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Chemical HPMC Kraft Paper Bag with PP Woven Fabric Laminated]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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