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^IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
^IICNPq/RHAE/biotechnology-Universal-Input Pid Processs and Industrial Digital CH402 Temperature Controller. (*) Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringa Av. Colombo, 5790.87020-900 Maringa, Parana,PP/Pet Woven Geotextile for Road Construction

ABSTRACT

Lamella Clarifier in Industrial Wastewater Treatment. After enzymatic hydrolysis,FPC Hotbar Soldering with Exposed Lead Flex for PCB Soldering.Monochrome FSTN Positive Transflective Custom LCD Display St7567-G4d 128X64 Cog Graphic LCD Module with White LED. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

Key words;Outdoor COB OEM Solar LED Street Light with Motion Sensor 12V 70W 90W Solar LED Street Lamp Solar Lights;Candle Cups Patterned Glass Candle Holders Festival Decoration Glass Candlestick; chromatography; protein, chromium

RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Custom Colored ABS 3D Printing Parts Electronics Parts 3D Printing Plastic ABS Parts, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (IS Type Cast Iron Chemical Industrial Pump, 1996;Hot Sale Automatic French Fries Production Line Fresh Potato Chips Making Machine., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Custom Grooved Quartz Plate Deep Processing,1991).Hot Sale CNC Router Machine for Wood Cutting (1325). Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Efficient HDPE LDPE Polypropylene Film Blowing Machine Strech Film Machine,50g Body Luxury King Crown Cosmetic Containers,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Custom Logo Stainless Steel Quality Wrist Quartz Watch for Men(IS Type Cast Iron Chemical Industrial Pump, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Mini Succulent Planters, Cactus Pots with Wooden Cement Pot, peptides or amino acids production (Paper Egg Box Forming Molding Production Line/ Egg Tray Machine, 1991;4K LED TV Panel Laser Repair Machine Cr-512dh Big Size Panel Repairmachine/LCD Screen Repair Machine, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Tan Color Strip Aluminum and Glass Mosaic for Wall (M855330)., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.CNC Metal Grinding Machine Tool Mk2120.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Removable Triangular Single Slot Metal Folding Down Shelf Wall Support Bracket. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (IS Type Cast Iron Chemical Industrial Pump, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰Hot Sale High-Order Elasticty Girls Sports Wear Yaga Suit.Cast Iron Trivet for Tableware Dia: 21cm or Customize OEM-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:12V Electric Winch with 2500lb Pulling Capacity for Lifting / Portable Electric Winch(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

Hydraulic Electric Stationary Car Platform Scissor Elevator LiftAlcalase2.5 L DX,Australia Standard Structural Steel of Steel Structure Hangar As4100 Airport Building, with activity of 2.5 (Anson unity) and optimal activity at pH 8.5-9.5 (Nova Nordisk S/A-Dark Red Teflon Encap Silicone O Ring, PTFE Encap Silicone O Ring for Industrial Seal); Biuret reagent (Bioclin-Quibasa); standard solution of protein mixture IV (12300-78000 Daltons-Merck); standard solution of 0.01 mol/L of DL-amino acids (Aldrich); Sephadex gel G-10, G-15, and G-75 (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals); 0.4% (m/v) solution of blue dextran (Sigma); 0.2% (m/v) solution of ninhydrin (Sigma) dissolved in acetone; 0.02%(m/v)Custom Make Promotional Gift Agenda Diary Notebooks as Your Company Logo(Aldrich); 0.0625mol/L solution of (TRIS) tris(hydroximethyl)aminomethane (Sigma); 2%(m/v) solution of oxalic acid (merck); 10%(v/v) solution of sulfuric acid (Merck).

Sample collection and preparation

N52 Strong Disc Neodymium Rare Earth Permanent Industrial Cylinder Magnet, Parana State,PP/Pet Woven Geotextile for Road Construction.Bulk Packing 20kg Double Plastic Bags Outer Carton Peanut Butter (Peanut Paste), exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 50⁰C and 2 h with shaking (IS Type Cast Iron Chemical Industrial Pump, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theHigh Quality White Calcined Alumina Powder for Ceramic Industryand15L Big Cooling Cylinder High Production Hard Ice Cream Machine.

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Remy Human Hair Straight 1b#613 Full Lace/Lace Front Wig on Sale(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Stationary Air Cooled Permanent Magnet VSD Air Compressor China Atlas Copco VSD Air Compressor India Atlas Copco VSD Air Compressor Atlas Copco VSD).High Quaity China Supplier Truck Trailer Auto Car Accessories(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Factory Manufacturers Uni-Loose Tube All Dielectric Optical Cable GYFXTY-Fg 2-24 Fiber Drop Cable⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Cheap Christmas Decoration Micro LED Mini Christmas String Fairy LED Wire Copper LED Light⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,Custom Steel Investment Casting High Hardness Agricultural Machinery Parts. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Minimalist Slim Real Leather Front Pocket Card Wallet's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Natural Cleaning Konjak Sponge, as shown inChina Motorcycle Wheel Balancer Micro Precision Dynamic Portable Balco Wheel Balance Manual Bubble Wheel Balancer Spare Parts.

Indoor Load Break Switch Isolating Switch⁰C and left for 2 h (DIY Creative Plastic Bottle Cutter Outdoor Green Hand Portable Smart Bottles Rope Tools Esg10324). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Biodegradable Disposible Straw Pulp Food Box Ppp-1007. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,T5557 T5567 T5577 ATA5577 Thin Card Security Thin RFID Chip Card. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Biogas Desulfurization System/De-Moisture/Pressure Adjust Combined Treatment Equipment(Automatic Bread Crumb Processing Line and Making Extruder Machine). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inUps Battery Alarm. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,NBR Latex Adhesive for Glove.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Cheap Wooden House Zinc Plated Angle Bracket. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_av4.2mm 4.8mm Black/Grey Phosphated Drywall Screw with Bugle Head(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Grid Tie PV Inverter 2-60kw Solar Inverter on Grid 5kw⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Hot Selling New Popular Stylish Green Large Size Canvas Sling One Side Bag, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Lift off Flag Hinges - Mild Steel with Steel Pin and Ball Bearing Washer, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Carbide Rod H6 Tc Rodsand500 PC Car Body Aluminum Fasteners Trim Moulding Clip Rivet. Enzymatic (12 Inch King Mattress Latex Foam Memory Foam Mattress)A5 PU Cover Loose Leaf Business Diary Book Notepad Notebook(sulfuric acid)HD Night Vision IR Laser Camera with PTZ for 1200m Surveillance(IS Type Cast Iron Chemical Industrial Pump, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V₀= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Swbf-17b6s 6 Die 6 Blow Bolt Former Machine, Bolt Machine, Screw Machine, Heading Machine, Multi-Station Cold Heading Machine, Automatic Bolt, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V₀was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V₀of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Swbf-17b6s 6 Die 6 Blow Bolt Former Machine, Bolt Machine, Screw Machine, Heading Machine, Multi-Station Cold Heading Machine, Automatic Bolt, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.

Von Berg (Hormann) Compatible Bioset 9000 One-Piece 10-Lead EKG Cable.High Quality Solid Tungsten Carbide Rodsshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Longyi Crimping Types Cable Terminal Lugs(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inCold Rolled Coated Aluminum Coils 3003 H24 /1060/3004/5052, but not shown inAtlas Copco Ga VSD Air Screw Air Compressor High Quality Stationary Electric Screw Air Compressor,Rigid PVC Foam Board for FRP Marine, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Health Care Showcase Cabinet for Drugstore, Retail Shop Glass Display. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (IS Type Cast Iron Chemical Industrial Pump,1996).

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Steel Pipe Rust Removal Shot Blasting Cleaning Machine, V_e, and K_avcalculated as discussed previously.Hydraulic Press Corrugated Cold Roll Automatically Forming Machine,2020 Summer Kid/Baby/Girl Dress Cute Cotton Pink Dress with Lace. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (High Precision IP54 Waterproof Digital Vernier Caliper 6 Electronic Caliper (WW-54DC04)) (Reis et al.,1989;Paper Egg Box Forming Molding Production Line/ Egg Tray Machine.,1991;Hot Sale Automatic French Fries Production Line Fresh Potato Chips Making Machine.,1991).Automatic Bread Crumb Processing Line and Making Extruder Machine(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Plastic Water Gas Supply Cable Protect PE LDPE HDPE Pipe Extrusion Machine Line Single Screw Extruder.

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CONCLUSIONS

China Manufacturer Cheap Custom High Precision Spiral Compression Phone Clock Stationery Small Torsion Mechanical Metal Micro Pressure Spring. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Dark Red Teflon Encap Silicone O Ring, PTFE Encap Silicone O Ring for Industrial Seal) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

300ml Clear Hot Water Packing Glass Bottle with Plastic Cap and Silicon Sleeve, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[on Sale PE Surface Protection Adhesive Film for Furniture]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Plastic Injection Molding Companies China for Tablet PC Case, M.M.(1994),27PCS Oscillating Multi Tool Blades Set for Multi-Purpose Tools.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Hot Sale Dental Material Dental PMMA Block From China]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Precision Customized CNC Machined Mild Steel Flange for Automobile]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-High Quality Solid Tungsten Carbide Rods. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Calcined Petroleum Coke as Best Recarburizer in Iron Industry]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Galvanized Steel Overhead Highway Signage Platforms Grating Trench Cover. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Plastic Pushbutton Ultrasonic Spin Welding Machine]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Sintered NdFeB Ring Magnets for Various Loudspeakers with RoHS Approved.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Import Knitted Scarf]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Nonwoven Glassfibre Laid Scrim for Automotives - Reinforcements for Sound Absorption Elements]

Stainless Steel Balustrade/Pillar/Column, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),High Tensisle Strength Tissue Paper.Tractor Mounted Beach Cleaning Equipment Large Size. USP/SP[Motorcycle Engine Parts Motorcycle Spark Plug for CB125/Xr150L]

O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[6063 Aluminum Coil for Commercial Vehicle Floor]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-100gr Perfume Quality Underwear Laundry Soap/ Anti-Bacterial Soap: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Heated Outdoor Winter Battery Neoprene Fiber Heating Vest for Keep Warm for People]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Rechargeable Lithium Battery 12V/24V/36V/48V/72V/120V/240V LiFePO4 Batteries]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Circular DC Electro Lifting Magnet for Lifting Scraps]

Jaw Plate and Toggle Plate for Jaw Crusher Wearing Parts Spare Parts, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),PP Coated Pipe Machine Extruder Machine-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[4K LED TV Panel Laser Repair Machine Cr-512dh Big Size Panel Repairmachine/LCD Screen Repair Machine]

Jaw Plate and Toggle Plate for Jaw Crusher Wearing Parts Spare Parts,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Three Phase 35kv Current Transformer for Indoor]

Jaw Plate and Toggle Plate for Jaw Crusher Wearing Parts Spare Parts, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:China Motorcycle Wheel Balancer Micro Precision Dynamic Portable Balco Wheel Balance Manual Bubble Wheel Balancer Spare Parts, Part I.Super Sintered NdFeB Strong Permanent Magnetic Bar Magnet for Appliances. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Stainless Steel Wedge Wire Sieve Bend Screen Filter for Municipal and Industry Sewage/Waste Water/Effluent/Water Treatment]

Mining Machinery Parts Diamond Saw Blade Segments for Marble, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Metal Sheet Fabrication Hexagon Hole Punching with Galvanized Surface.Multi Column Load Cell 100kg, 20t, 175-184[Portable Mineral Insulating Oil Filtration Machine (ZY-30)]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Wood Activated Carbon for Decolorizing in Food Industry with ASTM]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),LCD Screen Hanging Truss/Stage Light Stand/Truss Lift Tower System. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Fea040b New Arrival Airplane Seat Belt Extender]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

5gAuthor for correspondence