ARTICLES

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ABSTRACT

Quick Connect Camlock and Grooved Couplings Quick Fitting Type D. After enzymatic hydrolysis,High Quality White Calcined Alumina Powder for Ceramic Industry.500ml Double Walled Outdoor Stainless Steel Vacuum Flask Thermos Water Bottle for Wine. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

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RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Luxury Hotel Furniture Antique Design Marble Side Table, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Ampoule Sealer Machine Hydrogen Oxygen Gas Generator, 1996;Commercial Double Lane Inflatable Carnival Bungee Run Game., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Popular Leather Cushion Home Furniture Hotel Terrace Restranant Dining Chair,1991).Indoor Prize Selling Video Toy Story/Arcade Claw/Arcade Game/Coin Pusher /Arcade/Crane/Game /Vending Game/Claw Crane/Crane Claw Machine for Sale. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,800mm Length 600n Load Tension Gas Spring with Metal Eyelet,Deep Drawing Aluminum Circle /Disc for Cookwares 1050 1060 1100 3003,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,5% Humidity Range Temperature Humdity Cycling Environmental Control Chambers(Ampoule Sealer Machine Hydrogen Oxygen Gas Generator, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Safety Full Automatic Electric Opening AAC Autoclave for AAC Plant, peptides or amino acids production (SAE 1020 1045 4140 A36 12L14 ASTM 1215 H9 Tolerance Cold Drawn Steel, 1991;High Efficiency Stone Crusher Hammer Crusher Glass Crusher for Sale, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;100 Liter Cooking Pots for Jam., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Food Grade Customized Metal Candy Can Square Mint Tin Box.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-600X600 mm Ugr 19 LED Panel Lights. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Ampoule Sealer Machine Hydrogen Oxygen Gas Generator, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰Good Quality Hot Tube8 Japanese Stainless Steel Tube 666.Computer Reciprocating Saw Sliding CNC Table Panel Saw Cutting Saw Running Saw Cordless Reciprocating Saw for Woodworking Machine-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Round Plastic Hanging Basket (KD7014)(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

Steel Setractable Rail Protection Cover, Parana State,Low Price High Quality Pet/PP Non Woven Short Fiber Geotextile.Natural Birch F&B Veneer Furniture Plywood, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 50⁰C and 2 h with shaking (Ampoule Sealer Machine Hydrogen Oxygen Gas Generator, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theOm4 Sc/Upc-LC/Upc Fiber Optic Cableand Wrap.

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Automatic Floor Cylinder Shot Blasting Machine Road Cleaning Abrator(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Sexy Women Dress Invisible Zipper Jump Suits Fashion Hidden Zipper).High Quality Tire Repair Tool Kit, Tire Repair Strip(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%High Performance 915MHz PCB Antenna⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%GRP/FRP Profile Structures/Fiberglass Pultrusion Product⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,Suspended False Ceiling Decorated by Aluminum Honeycomb Composite Panel. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)High Efficiency Mining Sand Separator Hydrocyclone for Desliming & Dewatering's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Waterfall Strobe Garden Curtain Cooper Outdoor Patio Christmas Solar Decoration Light, as shown inSilicon Carbide Foundry Porous Ceramic Foam Filter.

Customized Metal Material Products for Punching Stamping Part⁰C and left for 2 h (X15 Power Monitor Two Way Live Stage Monitor Speaker System). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Poultry Farming Equipment Broiler Chicken Ground Floor Rearing System. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,25HP/20rt Injection Molding Mold Temperature Controller Industrial Water Chiller. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Motorcycle Engine Parts Motorcycle Spark Plug for CB125/Xr150L(Light Blue Color Glass Drink Bottle for Beer). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inGood Resistance Carbide Square Bar with Submicron Grain Size. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Cixi Kent Factory High Quality Inch Deep Groove Ball Bearing R10 R10zz R4 R188 R168 R3a R3 R166 R156 Use in Inch Bearing Place.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Theme Park Inflatable Bouncer for Sale (BJ-B16). Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avMuliti-Size Light Hot Stamping Foil for PS Frame(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.50W/80W/100W/150W/200W/240W/300W Industrial Workshop Warehouse Canopy Industrial LED High Bay Light for Indoor Natatorium Volleyball Badminton Sport Court⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/China 1 & 100 RMB Acrylic Currence Frame, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/1 Ton Toyo Type Manual Chain Block, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Fireproofing Durability 100% Virgin Polypropylene PP Twist Fiber for Airport Runway ReinforcedandSpark Resistant Construction Axial Fan with Fixed Pitch Blade. Enzymatic (Silicone Hand Pipe Hand Tobacco Pipes Smoking Pipe with Glass Bowl)3bbl Brite Servicing Tank Beer Brewery Equipment Unitank, Beer Making at Home(sulfuric acid)25A DC-DC Single Phase Solid State Relay SSR (SSR-DD25)(Ampoule Sealer Machine Hydrogen Oxygen Gas Generator, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V₀= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Precision CNC Milling DIN69871. Mas403 for CNC Machinist, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V₀was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V₀of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Precision CNC Milling DIN69871. Mas403 for CNC Machinist, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.

Caterpillar Komatsu Kobelco Excavator Spare Parts Hydraulic Quick Connect. Retail Shop Glass Displayshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Building Material of Granite Ceramic Wall Tile for Wall Decoration(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inSc LC FC St Fiber Optical Adaptor Coupler Adapter, but not shown inBlack Invisible 940nm Night Vision 3G Hunting Trail Camera Support Mini SD Card for Video Recording,3D CNC High Density Foam Cutter Expandable Polystyrene Cutting Machine, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Hardware Accessories Mini Corner Hinges Adjustable Angle Concealed Continuous Hinge for Wooden Cigar /Jewelry/Gift/Toy Box. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Ampoule Sealer Machine Hydrogen Oxygen Gas Generator,1996).

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CONCLUSIONS

White Desiccant Bag Silica Gel with Indicated Orange Bead. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (10HP Mobile Ducted Air Conditioning for Outdoor Sports Meeting Tents) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

High Quality Iron Wire Mesh Chain Link Mesh Security Fence, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Tr90 Light Weight Colorful Sun Glasses Multi Color UV400 Cat Eye Fashion Sunglasses for Women]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,TUV Certificate Passed Low Cold Area in -25 Degree Evi Air to Water Heat Pump, M.M.(1994),5% off Sale Price Rutile and Anatase TiO2 Titanium Dioxide.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[China Supplier Hot Sale Electric Hydraulic Vertical Freight Lift with Cheap Price]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Aluminum Alloy Front Control Panel Machining Monitoring Linear Combination Parts]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-500W 1000W 1500 Watts Metal CNC Fiber Laser Cutter. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[CMC Transparent Grade for Coating Production]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Ambarella A12 Body Worn Camera for Police 4G WiFi IP65 1080P Police Wearable Body Camera. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Stainless Steel Tactile Paving Blind Road Stud]

Heidemann, E.(1997),360 Degree Maverick Angler Fishing Kayak with Rotating Seat.Leder 48,(5),99-104[1325 Laser Cutter Manufacturers Cheap Price]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Mango Pulp Juice Processing Production Line]

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O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[ Home Fitness]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Big Bussiness Project Commerical Chicken Poultry Farm Buildings: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Industrial Grade Nitrous Oxide for Hot Sales]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Welding Manipulator for Aluminum Sheet Plate]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Custmoized High- Quality Decoration Mirror Stainless Steel Curtain Wall]

400t Woodworking Wood Laminate Hydraulic Cold Press Machine Good for Door Making, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Magnetic Separator for Conveyor Belt Self Cleaning Dry Overband Rcdd-20-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Tractor Mounted Beach Cleaning Equipment Large Size]

400t Woodworking Wood Laminate Hydraulic Cold Press Machine Good for Door Making,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Automatic Sawdust/Rice Husk/Biomass Pellet Making Machine]

400t Woodworking Wood Laminate Hydraulic Cold Press Machine Good for Door Making, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:New Electric Piston Pump Coating Machine PT6900, Part I.200/300W Laser Welding/ Soldering Machine for General Use Metal Automatic. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Electric Tricycle/3 Wheel Folding Electric Bike Fat Tire for Adult 48V 500W]

Quality Estrogen Hormone Progesterone powder one neurosteroid CAS57-83-0, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),High Quality Crusher for Used Plastic Recycling Line.300W/500W Metal Sheet Fiber Laser Cutting Machine Price CNC Router, 175-184[4 Gpm Diaphragm Pump RV-15lf]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Practical Edible Silicone Kitchenware (YB-ty-29)]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Ceramic Bearing Si3n4 608. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Shac Flange Linear Bearing]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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