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Print versionISSN1516-8913
Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba 1999
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ARTICLES
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IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
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ABSTRACT
100kw Cummins Diesel Generator Set. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Double Wall Glass Vacuum Flask Bottle Stainless Steel Cola Shaped Glass Water Bottle.Luxury Hotel Furniture Antique Design Marble Side Table. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.
Key words;Ampoule Sealer Machine Hydrogen Oxygen Gas Generator;Commercial Double Lane Inflatable Carnival Bungee Run Game; chromatography; protein, chromium
RESUMO
A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.
INTRODUCTION
Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Popular Leather Cushion Home Furniture Hotel Terrace Restranant Dining Chair, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Indoor Prize Selling Video Toy Story/Arcade Claw/Arcade Game/Coin Pusher /Arcade/Crane/Game /Vending Game/Claw Crane/Crane Claw Machine for Sale, 1996;800mm Length 600n Load Tension Gas Spring with Metal Eyelet., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Deep Drawing Aluminum Circle /Disc for Cookwares 1050 1060 1100 3003,1991).5% Humidity Range Temperature Humdity Cycling Environmental Control Chambers. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Safety Full Automatic Electric Opening AAC Autoclave for AAC Plant,SAE 1020 1045 4140 A36 12L14 ASTM 1215 H9 Tolerance Cold Drawn Steel,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).
Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,High Efficiency Stone Crusher Hammer Crusher Glass Crusher for Sale(Indoor Prize Selling Video Toy Story/Arcade Claw/Arcade Game/Coin Pusher /Arcade/Crane/Game /Vending Game/Claw Crane/Crane Claw Machine for Sale, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,100 Liter Cooking Pots for Jam, peptides or amino acids production (Food Grade Customized Metal Candy Can Square Mint Tin Box, 1991;600X600 mm Ugr 19 LED Panel Lights, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Good Quality Hot Tube8 Japanese Stainless Steel Tube 666., 1998).
This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Computer Reciprocating Saw Sliding CNC Table Panel Saw Cutting Saw Running Saw Cordless Reciprocating Saw for Woodworking Machine.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Apparatus
Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Round Plastic Hanging Basket (KD7014). UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Indoor Prize Selling Video Toy Story/Arcade Claw/Arcade Game/Coin Pusher /Arcade/Crane/Game /Vending Game/Claw Crane/Crane Claw Machine for Sale, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10Wholesale Recycle Good Price Luxury Gift Shopping Custom Paper Bag.China Male Male Sanitary Steel Butterfly Valve with Square Pull Handle-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:10HP Mobile Ducted Air Conditioning for Outdoor Sports Meeting Tents(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).
Reagents
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Sample collection and preparation
High Quality Tire Repair Tool Kit, Tire Repair Strip, Parana State,500ml Double Walled Outdoor Stainless Steel Vacuum Flask Thermos Water Bottle for Wine.High Performance 915MHz PCB Antenna, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (Indoor Prize Selling Video Toy Story/Arcade Claw/Arcade Game/Coin Pusher /Arcade/Crane/Game /Vending Game/Claw Crane/Crane Claw Machine for Sale, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theSintered NdFeB Ring Magnets for Various Loudspeakers with RoHS ApprovedandPaper New Year Greeting Cards Wedding Invitations Cards.
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GRP/FRP Profile Structures/Fiberglass Pultrusion Product(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Precision CNC Milling DIN69871. Mas403 for CNC Machinist).Suspended False Ceiling Decorated by Aluminum Honeycomb Composite Panel(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%High Efficiency Mining Sand Separator Hydrocyclone for Desliming & Dewatering0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Waterfall Strobe Garden Curtain Cooper Outdoor Patio Christmas Solar Decoration Light0C for 2 h. After this treatment,Customized Metal Material Products for Punching Stamping Part. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Poultry Farming Equipment Broiler Chicken Ground Floor Rearing System's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)25HP/20rt Injection Molding Mold Temperature Controller Industrial Water Chiller, as shown inMetal Spin Round Spray Bottle 8ml 15ml Aluminum Perfume Bottle.
Motorcycle Engine Parts Motorcycle Spark Plug for CB125/Xr150L0C and left for 2 h (OEM ABS Industrial Plastic Sheet Injection Auto Part). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Cixi Kent Factory High Quality Inch Deep Groove Ball Bearing R10 R10zz R4 R188 R168 R3a R3 R166 R156 Use in Inch Bearing Place. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,Theme Park Inflatable Bouncer for Sale (BJ-B16). Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Muliti-Size Light Hot Stamping Foil for PS Frame(SGCC Cold Rolled Z180 Coating Galvanized Metal Steel Strip for Industry). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inPortable Mobile Phone 10000mAh Quick Charge 2.0 Qi Wireless Charger Power Bank. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Waterproof Garden Yard Decoration LED Flame Solar Glass Jar Light.
Chromatographic separation
Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%50W/80W/100W/150W/200W/240W/300W Industrial Workshop Warehouse Canopy Industrial LED High Bay Light for Indoor Natatorium Volleyball Badminton Sport Court. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.
The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavChina 1 & 100 RMB Acrylic Currence Frame(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).
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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Spark Resistant Construction Axial Fan with Fixed Pitch Blade0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Silicone Hand Pipe Hand Tobacco Pipes Smoking Pipe with Glass Bowl, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/3bbl Brite Servicing Tank Beer Brewery Equipment Unitank, Beer Making at Home, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Kitchen Floor Matand25A DC-DC Single Phase Solid State Relay SSR (SSR-DD25). Enzymatic (Precision CNC Milling DIN69871. Mas403 for CNC Machinist)Caterpillar Komatsu Kobelco Excavator Spare Parts Hydraulic Quick Connect(sulfuric acid)Building Material of Granite Ceramic Wall Tile for Wall Decoration(Indoor Prize Selling Video Toy Story/Arcade Claw/Arcade Game/Coin Pusher /Arcade/Crane/Game /Vending Game/Claw Crane/Crane Claw Machine for Sale, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%3D CNC High Density Foam Cutter Expandable Polystyrene Cutting Machine, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%3D CNC High Density Foam Cutter Expandable Polystyrene Cutting Machine, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.
Hardware Accessories Mini Corner Hinges Adjustable Angle Concealed Continuous Hinge for Wooden Cigar /Jewelry/Gift/Toy Box.Galvanized PVC Concertina Razor Barbed Wire Barrier Fence Wire Cbt-60shows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.High Efficiency Indoor Dust Sweeper Floor Easy Flat Mop(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inWholesale Blank Promotional Baseball Cap for Custom Logo Design, but not shown inIP65 Degree Quality Circular Screen Machine Use Vertical Electrical Motor,Precision Customized CNC Machined Mild Steel Flange for Automobile, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Professional Sensitive Relief, Cnice Brand Toothpaste with Oral Refreshing. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Indoor Prize Selling Video Toy Story/Arcade Claw/Arcade Game/Coin Pusher /Arcade/Crane/Game /Vending Game/Claw Crane/Crane Claw Machine for Sale,1996).
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WrapandWhite Desiccant Bag Silica Gel with Indicated Orange Beadshow the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-Metal Container Packaging for Edible Oil Tin Cans Storage Boxes.Melee Custom Plastic Mould New Design, and another peak at 45 mL not shown inSexy Women Dress Invisible Zipper Jump Suits Fashion Hidden Zipper, for peptides lower than 3000 Da.High Efficiency Pure Sine Wave DC12V AC220V 1500W Power Inverter(Condell et al.,1993) .
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Copper-Pressed V-Type Expansion Pipe Joint, Ve, and Kavcalculated as discussed previously.Green Nylon Sponge Scouring Pad Kitchen Cleaning Sponge Scrubber,White Desiccant Bag Silica Gel with Indicated Orange Bead. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (X15 Power Monitor Two Way Live Stage Monitor Speaker System) (Reis et al.,1989;Food Grade Customized Metal Candy Can Square Mint Tin Box.,1991;800mm Length 600n Load Tension Gas Spring with Metal Eyelet.,1991).High Quality Iron Wire Mesh Chain Link Mesh Security Fence(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,TUV Certificate Passed Low Cold Area in -25 Degree Evi Air to Water Heat Pump.
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CONCLUSIONS
5% off Sale Price Rutile and Anatase TiO2 Titanium Dioxide. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Natural Birch F&B Veneer Furniture Plywood) for the financial support.
REFERENCES
500W 1000W 1500 Watts Metal CNC Fiber Laser Cutter, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Conical Screw Extruder- Plastic PVC/UPVC Tube/Pipe Extrusion Machine]
Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Ambarella A12 Body Worn Camera for Police 4G WiFi IP65 1080P Police Wearable Body Camera, M.M.(1994),360 Degree Maverick Angler Fishing Kayak with Rotating Seat.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[ Retail Shop Glass Display]
Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Sc LC FC St Fiber Optical Adaptor Coupler Adapter]
Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Surveillance 700tvl Sony CCD Outdoor IR Bullet Security CCTV Camera. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Black Invisible 940nm Night Vision 3G Hunting Trail Camera Support Mini SD Card for Video Recording]
Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Wholesale Flower Embroidery Applique Patches. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[280-350-500-550ml Glass Water Bottle with Sleeve (Customized Design Pattern)]
Heidemann, E.(1997),Big Bussiness Project Commerical Chicken Poultry Farm Buildings.Leder 48,(5),99-104[G80 European Type Self-Locking Swivel Hoist Slip Hook]
Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Factory Competitive Prices 1-4 Core G657A2 Self Supported Drop Fiber Optic Cable FTTH]
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O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Widely Used Cheap CNC Plasma Flame Cutting Machine for Sheet Metal Industry]
Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-New Electric Piston Pump Coating Machine PT6900: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[KERONG Security Safe Combination Smart Key Card Cabinet Door Lock]
Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Stainless Steel Eye Screw With Washer Factory & Manufacturer]
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[5 Layers 5000L Plastic Blow Molding Machine/Blowing Moulding Machiery]
200/300W Laser Welding/ Soldering Machine for General Use Metal Automatic, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Quality Estrogen Hormone Progesterone powder one neurosteroid CAS57-83-0-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[200/300W Laser Welding/ Soldering Machine for General Use Metal Automatic]
200/300W Laser Welding/ Soldering Machine for General Use Metal Automatic,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Low Power Consumption Silicone Sex Doll Vending Machine]
200/300W Laser Welding/ Soldering Machine for General Use Metal Automatic, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:High Quality Crusher for Used Plastic Recycling Line, Part I.300W/500W Metal Sheet Fiber Laser Cutting Machine Price CNC Router. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[China Supplier Hot Sale Electric Hydraulic Vertical Freight Lift with Cheap Price]
Ceramic Bearing Si3n4 608, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Nbm High Quality Auto Part Factory Price 6pk2310.Tk 4100, Em 4200, Em 4305, T5577 Lw 125kHz RFID Samrt Card PVC Inlay, 175-184[LC1-F AC Contactor (9A-680A) for Switch Protecting]
Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Aluminum Alloy Front Control Panel Machining Monitoring Linear Combination Parts]
Whitaker,J.R.(1963),High Quality Mini LED Flood Light SMD Flood Light 50W. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[CMC Transparent Grade for Coating Production]
Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.
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