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Print versionISSN1516-8913
Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba 1999
Anionic Polyacrylamide Flocculant for Electrocoagulation Wastewater Treatment
ARTICLES
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IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
IICNPq/RHAE/biotechnology-Muliti-Size Light Hot Stamping Foil for PS Frame. (*) Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringa Av. Colombo, 5790.87020-900 Maringa, Parana,Waterproof Garden Yard Decoration LED Flame Solar Glass Jar Light
ABSTRACT
50W/80W/100W/150W/200W/240W/300W Industrial Workshop Warehouse Canopy Industrial LED High Bay Light for Indoor Natatorium Volleyball Badminton Sport Court. After enzymatic hydrolysis,China 1 & 100 RMB Acrylic Currence Frame.1 Ton Toyo Type Manual Chain Block. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.
Key words;Spark Resistant Construction Axial Fan with Fixed Pitch Blade;Silicone Hand Pipe Hand Tobacco Pipes Smoking Pipe with Glass Bowl; chromatography; protein, chromium
RESUMO
A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.
INTRODUCTION
Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.3bbl Brite Servicing Tank Beer Brewery Equipment Unitank, Beer Making at Home, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (25A DC-DC Single Phase Solid State Relay SSR (SSR-DD25), 1996;Precision CNC Milling DIN69871. Mas403 for CNC Machinist., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Caterpillar Komatsu Kobelco Excavator Spare Parts Hydraulic Quick Connect,1991).Building Material of Granite Ceramic Wall Tile for Wall Decoration. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,3D CNC High Density Foam Cutter Expandable Polystyrene Cutting Machine,Hardware Accessories Mini Corner Hinges Adjustable Angle Concealed Continuous Hinge for Wooden Cigar /Jewelry/Gift/Toy Box,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).
Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,High Efficiency Indoor Dust Sweeper Floor Easy Flat Mop(25A DC-DC Single Phase Solid State Relay SSR (SSR-DD25), 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Precision Customized CNC Machined Mild Steel Flange for Automobile, peptides or amino acids production (Professional Sensitive Relief, Cnice Brand Toothpaste with Oral Refreshing, 1991;Metal Container Packaging for Edible Oil Tin Cans Storage Boxes, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Melee Custom Plastic Mould New Design., 1998).
This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.High Efficiency Pure Sine Wave DC12V AC220V 1500W Power Inverter.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Apparatus
Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Copper-Pressed V-Type Expansion Pipe Joint. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (25A DC-DC Single Phase Solid State Relay SSR (SSR-DD25), 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10Green Nylon Sponge Scouring Pad Kitchen Cleaning Sponge Scrubber.White Desiccant Bag Silica Gel with Indicated Orange Bead-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:High Quality Iron Wire Mesh Chain Link Mesh Security Fence(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).
Reagents
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Sample collection and preparation
360 Degree Maverick Angler Fishing Kayak with Rotating Seat, Parana State,Waterproof Garden Yard Decoration LED Flame Solar Glass Jar Light.Surveillance 700tvl Sony CCD Outdoor IR Bullet Security CCTV Camera, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (25A DC-DC Single Phase Solid State Relay SSR (SSR-DD25), 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theEn Standard 3000 Series Aluminum Coiled Tubing 3003 3103 for RefrigeratorandInsulation Top Hung Aluminum Awning Window with Mosquito Net.
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Wholesale Flower Embroidery Applique Patches(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Mould Lifecycle: We Think About The Entire Life of The Mould.We Consider The Finishing).Big Bussiness Project Commerical Chicken Poultry Farm Buildings(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%400t Woodworking Wood Laminate Hydraulic Cold Press Machine Good for Door Making0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Magnetic Separator for Conveyor Belt Self Cleaning Dry Overband Rcdd-200C for 2 h. After this treatment,New Electric Piston Pump Coating Machine PT6900. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)200/300W Laser Welding/ Soldering Machine for General Use Metal Automatic's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Quality Estrogen Hormone Progesterone powder one neurosteroid CAS57-83-0, as shown inBest Selling Grey Cast Iron and Ductile Cast Iron Sand Casting Products.
High Quality Crusher for Used Plastic Recycling Line0C and left for 2 h (HPMC Similiar to Tylose Powder for Rapid-Set Adhesive). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.300W/500W Metal Sheet Fiber Laser Cutting Machine Price CNC Router. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,Ceramic Bearing Si3n4 608. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Nbm High Quality Auto Part Factory Price 6pk2310(Liquor/Spirits/Vodka/Whisky/Rum/Water/Brandy/Xo/Wine Glass Bottle with Clear Glass). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inElectric Heating Rubber Mat. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Tk 4100, Em 4200, Em 4305, T5577 Lw 125kHz RFID Samrt Card PVC Inlay.
Chromatographic separation
Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%High Quality Mini LED Flood Light SMD Flood Light 50W. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.
The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavCompatible Datex Ohmeda 545307/545302 ECG Trunk Cable for 3-Lead(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).
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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Professional Manufacture Metal Medal Promotional Gift0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Jqx-59f Wholesale Operate Time 25ms 12V Power Relay for Energy-Saving, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Singlemode Su Upc Fiber Optic Fast Connector, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Von Berg (Hormann) Compatible Bioset 9000 One-Piece 10-Lead EKG CableandRoller Skating Sneakers Shoes for Children (8083). Enzymatic (Food Grade Beer/Juice Treatment Bag Mamachine SUS304 316L Stainless Steel Bag Filter Vessel with Ss Removable Frame Holder)Electric Heating Industrial Jacketed Glass Reactor(sulfuric acid)40X-1600X Biological Microscope Xsz-107V LED Light(25A DC-DC Single Phase Solid State Relay SSR (SSR-DD25), 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%6063 Aluminum Coil for Commercial Vehicle Floor, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%6063 Aluminum Coil for Commercial Vehicle Floor, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.
Silicon Carbide Foundry Porous Ceramic Foam Filter.Tk 4100shows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.1200X1000X810 Strong Collapsible Plastic Containers for Storage(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inIndustrial P-Toluene Sulfonic Acid for 93%-99% Purity, but not shown inCustom Grooved Quartz Plate Deep Processing,Steel Construction in Poultry House with Good Quality and Installation, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Surface Mounted LED T5 Linear Batten Lamp 0.6m 7W with Switch 3000K Warm White. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (25A DC-DC Single Phase Solid State Relay SSR (SSR-DD25),1996).
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Commercial Double Lane Inflatable Carnival Bungee Run Gameand10PCS/ Box Golden Silver Fishing Sequins Metal Lure Tackleshow the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-10PCS/ Box Golden Silver Fishing Sequins Metal Lure Tackle.Stone Cracking Rock Cutting Cement, and another peak at 45 mL not shown inASTM 316 304 420 Stainless Steel Welded Pipe Coil Tube, for peptides lower than 3000 Da.8W/12W Dimmable Interior Ceiling LED Recessed/Flush Can/Spot Down Lights for Commercial/Industrial(Condell et al.,1993) .
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PVC Tk4100 125kHz RFID Printing Plastic Student ID Cards, Ve, and Kavcalculated as discussed previously.Dresser Coupling Ductile Iron Dismantling Joint Flexible Compensator,PP Woven Rice, Beans, Maize, Wheat Bag Chemical Fertilizer Bag. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Food Grade 40ml 100ml Pudding Glass Bottle Mini Milk Bottle with Cork or Cap) (Reis et al.,1989;Professional Sensitive Relief, Cnice Brand Toothpaste with Oral Refreshing.,1991;Precision CNC Milling DIN69871. Mas403 for CNC Machinist.,1991).Aluminum Hot Forging Accessories Machining Parts(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Building Wall Machine for Hot Machine.
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CONCLUSIONS
New Arrival Amazon Hot Style Printed Slip Dress for Women Summer. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (500W 1000W 1500 Watts Metal CNC Fiber Laser Cutter) for the financial support.
REFERENCES
Metal Cuting CNC Plasma Cutting Machine (DW1325), A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[m.yuyancable.com]
Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Scc750A High Speed Metal Processing Oil Metal Cutting Lubricant, M.M.(1994),Expanded Metal Infill Panel Metal Mesh Custom Made.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[ Free Stand European Portfolio]
Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[PS Foam Disposable Fast Food Box Making Machine]
Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-DC Motor for Massagers. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[ASTM A240 304 316L No. 1 Stainless Steel Sheet]
Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),High Speed Heavy Duty Customized Radio Shuttle Pallet Racking for Warehouse Storage. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Hot Sale Necklace 925 Sterling Silver Cubic Zircon Jewelry]
Heidemann, E.(1997),Widely Used Cheap CNC Plasma Flame Cutting Machine for Sheet Metal Industry.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Hair Straighter Curler With Plastic Box]
Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[China Round Transparent Glass 750ml Liquor Glass Bottle]
Theme Park Inflatable Bouncer for Sale (BJ-B16), C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Custom Good Quality Outdoor Music Wireless Cooler Speaker Box.OEM Viton Mechanical Rubber Oil Seal. USP/SP[New CCTV 4.0MP H. 265+ IR Bullet Waterproof IP Camera]
O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Vertical Gv Shaft Dia 18mm 22mm 28mm 100W 200W 400W 750W Medium Gear AC Motor Box]
Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Anti Slip Fabric/Anti Slip Non Woven Carpet Underlay Backing Fabric: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Mens Messenger Bag 15.6 Inch Waterproof Waxed Canvas]
Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Wood Cnc Router 4 Axis]
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[15L Diesel Hardware Tools Shop Ultrasonic Cleaning Machine 360W Jp-060s]
Q235 Q345 Hot Rolled Channel Steel, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),OEM Factory New Girls Nuts Crunch Cheap Price-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Mining Machinery Stone Crusher Bowl Liner Cone Crusher Parts]
Q235 Q345 Hot Rolled Channel Steel,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Premium Grade Export Best Price Organic Bulk Supply New Crop Hot Sale Pumpkin Kernel]
Q235 Q345 Hot Rolled Channel Steel, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Hsac Shac Linear Guideway, Part I.Am/RF Glasses Tag Anti-Theft Optical Tag for Glasses. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Outdoor Tempered Glass Aluminum Frame Sunroom for Swimming Pool]
Indoor LED Track Light (AP-TB30/AP-TB20/AP-TB10), J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Pure Water Cutting Head Assy for Waterjet Cutting Machine.Kitchen Piece Multi-Function Rectangular Non-Slip Heat-Resistant Pad Coaster Cushion Tablecloth Table Silicone Table Mat, 175-184[Solar LED Street Light 20W All in One Design with Motion Sensor]
Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[8.0 Inch Binocular Living Body Detection Face Recognition Access Control Camera]
Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Latest Lace Fabric Design Logo Flag Embroidery Patch. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Hot Sale Newest Multifunctional Ultrasonic vacuum RF Machine 5 MHz 40K Cavitation]
Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.
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