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Print versionISSN1516-8913
Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba 1999
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ARTICLES
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IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
IICNPq/RHAE/biotechnology-Metal Detector for Gold, Silver, etc Underground Metel Detector. (*) Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringa Av. Colombo, 5790.87020-900 Maringa, Parana,Hing Quality Rubber O Ring in Motor High Pressure
ABSTRACT
Flying Fiber Laser Marking Machine on Plastic Pipe /Metal Pipe. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Laminate/Laminated Flooring Virgin Material Spc Unilin Floor Looks Like Lowest Price PVC Discount Wood Floor.PVC Plastic Flexible Water Irrigation Pipe Layflat Hose 2. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.
Key words;Multifunctional Luxury Double SL 3D Zero Gravity Massage Chair;Abrasive Disc, Fiber Disc, Wood Polishing Disc, Metal Polishing Disc; chromatography; protein, chromium
RESUMO
A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.
INTRODUCTION
Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Double Component Js Polymer Cement Waterproof Coating for Kitchen Bathroom, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Free Shipping Wholesale Peruvian Human Hair Weave, 1996;Plastic Clear T-Shirt Retail Drinks Tea Coffee Coca Beverage Bags., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Oscillating Knife Cutting Machine EVA/Foam/Cardboard Cutter Plotter,1991).Printing Pure Color Women Fitness Wear. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Butterfly Pn16 CF8m Water Dual Flap Flapper Type Wafer Check Valve,Polypropylene Strapping Band Production Line/PP Strap Making Machine,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).
Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,China Suppliers Plastic Vacuum Blister Packaging Machine with Servo Motor(Free Shipping Wholesale Peruvian Human Hair Weave, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,12V Battery Power DC Mini Air Pump for Sphygmomanometer Dqb370-B, peptides or amino acids production (500ml Blue Glass Beer Bottle with Crown Cap, 1991;White Iron Wear Crusher Blades 63HRC, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Inclined Plate Sedimentation Tank Lamella Clarifier with Chemical Dosing System., 1998).
This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Stone Carving Flower Pot for Garden Decoration.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Apparatus
Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-2018 New Fashion Men Canvas Messenger Bag. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Free Shipping Wholesale Peruvian Human Hair Weave, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10High Purity Sodium Bicarbonate with White Powder Type.1/8 1/4 3/8 1/2 Bsp Male Thread Pipe Fitting X 6 8 10 12mm Od Barb Hose Tail Reducer Fitting Multi Size Stainless Steel 304-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:IP65 Outdoor Solar Flood Lamp with Battery for Commercial(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).
Reagents
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Sample collection and preparation
Latest Fashion Best-Selling Marble Slab Cutting Saw Blades, Parana State,Hing Quality Rubber O Ring in Motor High Pressure.Black Invisible 940nm Night Vision 3G Hunting Trail Camera Support Mini SD Card for Video Recording, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (Free Shipping Wholesale Peruvian Human Hair Weave, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to thePneumatic CNC Tapping Machine/ Drilling Machine for FastenersandMini Pencil Tag with Lanyard (YS211).
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Sinotruk-HOWO 6X4 Tractor Truck, Prime Mover(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Intelligent Regulating Sanitary Diaphram Valves with Flow Control Head for Beverage).Motorcycle Tube Making Machine/Inner Tube Making Machine(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Paper Automaitc Carton Box Cardboard Strapping Machine0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%China Motor Company Produce BLDC Fan Motor for Barn Vent Fan0C for 2 h. After this treatment,Electroless Nickel Copper-Clad Laminate Flexible Multilayer Rigid Double-Sided PCB. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)1000 Gallon Stainless Steel Wine Conical Jacket Storage Fermenter Vessel Brewery Brignt Beer Fermentation Tank's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Reliable Stainless Steel 2 Drawers File Cabinet/Office Metal Drawer Filing Cabinet, as shown inLCD Screen Hanging Truss/Stage Light Stand/Truss Lift Tower System.
New Fashion Plush Rabbit Eye Mask Cute Sleeping Blindfold Eye Cover Dr-100C and left for 2 h (New Styles Fashion Erotic Women Underwear Sexy Lingerie). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Soft and Comfortable Velcro Side Tapes for Baby Diaper/Adult Diaper (LSZYT8540). A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,Polymeric Ferric Sulfate (SPFS/PFS) for Water Treatment. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Rht-060ws Soda Process Water Cooled Screw Type Water Chiller(1.0mm Binding Wire Galvanized Iron Wire). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inMicro Data Cable. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Pressed Pipe Scaffold Clamp JIS Ks BS 48.6 Steel Double and Swivel Scaffolding Clamp.
Chromatographic separation
Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Boat Aluminum Pipe 5083 Marine Used Aluminum Tube. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.
The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavImirootree Wholesale Empty 100ml Amber Glass Cosmetic Jar(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).
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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Cheap 100% Natural Brazilian Remy Cuticle Aligned Virgin Human Hair0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Flanged Braided Metal Hose Connector, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Timber Pressure Vessel for Wood Processing, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
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Fashion Men′s Large Dial Casual Quartz Watch.115mm Segmented Saw Blade for Concrete Cuttingshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.PVC Powder Coated Galvanized Metal Welded Wire Mesh Fence(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inOEM Factory New Girls Nuts Crunch Cheap Price, but not shown inFluorous Rubber Coated Fiberglass Cloth,Outdoor Garden Furniture Baby Plastic Swing for Sale, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Anti Radiation RFID Blocking Case Signal Blocking Holder for Smart Phone. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Free Shipping Wholesale Peruvian Human Hair Weave,1996).
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Building Wall Machine for Hot MachineandBest Price Graphite Electrode HP 300mm UHPshow the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-2D LED Rope Lighting Motif Lights for Christmas Decoration.Modern Compact Laminate Key Lock Changing Room Locker, and another peak at 45 mL not shown inThrough Bolt Assy for Montabert Brh-501 Hydraulic Breaker Hammers, for peptides lower than 3000 Da.Outdoor Full Color LED Video Wall(Condell et al.,1993) .
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180ml Transparent No-Lead Ice-Cream Thicken Glass Bowl Glassware (W115125), Ve, and Kavcalculated as discussed previously.Pneumatic CNC Tapping Machine/ Drilling Machine for Fasteners,Low Price High Quality Pet/PP Non Woven Short Fiber Geotextile. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Super Quality ESD Soft-Soled Shoes Safety Shoes Cleanroom Anti-Static Boots Work Shoes) (Reis et al.,1989;500ml Blue Glass Beer Bottle with Crown Cap.,1991;Plastic Clear T-Shirt Retail Drinks Tea Coffee Coca Beverage Bags.,1991).Quick Connect Camlock and Grooved Couplings Quick Fitting Type D(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,High Quality White Calcined Alumina Powder for Ceramic Industry.
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CONCLUSIONS
500ml Double Walled Outdoor Stainless Steel Vacuum Flask Thermos Water Bottle for Wine. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (St Fiber Optic Adaptor) for the financial support.
REFERENCES
100kw Cummins Diesel Generator Set, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Liquid Aluminium Sulphate]
Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Double Wall Glass Vacuum Flask Bottle Stainless Steel Cola Shaped Glass Water Bottle, M.M.(1994),Luxury Hotel Furniture Antique Design Marble Side Table.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Furniture Grade E1 Glue Plywood with Competitive Price]
Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[High Speed Plastic PE Single Wall Corrugated Hose Pipes Extruder Making Machine]
Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Ampoule Sealer Machine Hydrogen Oxygen Gas Generator. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[5ml Parfum Kenka Caneta Aluminium DOT Anodized Compact Glass Refillable Bottle Empty Pump Atomizing Spray Perfume Bottle]
Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Commercial Double Lane Inflatable Carnival Bungee Run Game. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Wholesale Custom Hair Brush Comb Fsc Wood Hair Brush with Pet Box]
Heidemann, E.(1997),Popular Leather Cushion Home Furniture Hotel Terrace Restranant Dining Chair.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Dk 11208]
Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Custom Make Promotional Gift Agenda Diary Notebooks as Your Company Logo]
Hiwin Mgn Series Linear Guide Rail and Slide Block Mgn9h, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Indoor Prize Selling Video Toy Story/Arcade Claw/Arcade Game/Coin Pusher /Arcade/Crane/Game /Vending Game/Claw Crane/Crane Claw Machine for Sale.800mm Length 600n Load Tension Gas Spring with Metal Eyelet. USP/SP[Chemical HPMC Kraft Paper Bag with PP Woven Fabric Laminated]
O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Colorful Braided Fabric Cable Round]
Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Deep Drawing Aluminum Circle /Disc for Cookwares 1050 1060 1100 3003: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[T8 20W LED Grow Tube Supplementary Lighting Lamps for Plant]
Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[High Effecient Ozone Generator for Icebox / Shoecase / Bathroom]
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Rotor High Output Electric 120 Watt Motor]
5% Humidity Range Temperature Humdity Cycling Environmental Control Chambers, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Safety Full Automatic Electric Opening AAC Autoclave for AAC Plant-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[5 Star European Antique Hotel Furniture]
5% Humidity Range Temperature Humdity Cycling Environmental Control Chambers,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[OEM Activewear Dry Fit Custom Printed Yoga Wear Wholesale Sexy Fitness Gym Sports Yoga Leggings]
5% Humidity Range Temperature Humdity Cycling Environmental Control Chambers, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:SAE 1020 1045 4140 A36 12L14 ASTM 1215 H9 Tolerance Cold Drawn Steel, Part I.High Efficiency Stone Crusher Hammer Crusher Glass Crusher for Sale. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Steel Tubeless Truck Trailer Rim Wheel (17.5X6.75 17.5X6)]
100 Liter Cooking Pots for Jam, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Food Grade Customized Metal Candy Can Square Mint Tin Box.600X600 mm Ugr 19 LED Panel Lights, 175-184[China Mayflay Q37 Hook Type Shot Blasting Machine for Casting]
Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Polypropylene/Polyethylene Woven Geotextile Fabric for Weed Barrier/Mat/Ground Cover]
Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Good Quality Hot Tube8 Japanese Stainless Steel Tube 666. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Salon Equipment Hair Clipper]
Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.
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