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Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba  1999

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ARTICLES


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IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
IICNPq/RHAE/biotechnology-China Manufacturer of Venlo PC or Venlo Glass Greenhouse. (*) Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringa Av. Colombo, 5790.87020-900 Maringa, Parana,Artnet Node Artnet to DMX Controller


ABSTRACT

6061, 6063, 6082, 6351 T6 Aluminum Hexagonal Bar with Holes. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Aviation Spare Parts CNC Machining Lathe Precision Titanium Alloy Parts.CH Series Pid Intelligent Temperature Controller CH102. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

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RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.


INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Round Hole Carbon Steel Pipe Perforated for Filter, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Professional Manufacturer Stainless Steel Floor Grating, 1996;Enviornment-Friendly Broken Stone Pattern Exterior Wall Decorative Panels., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Factory Food Grade PVC Plastic Polyester Fiber Reinforced Water Soft Hose,1991).Accuracy, Rapid, Easy Use HCG Urine Pregnancy Test Strips. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Brand New Forklift with Double Front pneumatic Tire,Anaphylaxis Atrophic Acute and Chronic Sinusitis Laryngo-Pharyngitis Full HD Endoscope Camera for Ent Otoscope Ent Endoscope,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,DIY Creative Plastic Bottle Cutter Outdoor Green Hand Portable Smart Bottles Rope Tools Esg10324(Professional Manufacturer Stainless Steel Floor Grating, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Ce Quality Double Channel Medical Syringe Pump (THR-SP180D), peptides or amino acids production (SGS and Halal Certificate Collagen Supplement Softgen Capsule Cash Commodity, 1991;High Quality Rubber Pressed Mixing Machine with Ce Certification, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Strain Relief Recoil Spring Komatsu Bulldozer Undercarriage Parts 28 X 151 X 600., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.4K Giant Whiteboard Interactive Panel for University Whiteboard.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Plastic Mining Biaxial Geogrid Similar to Tensar Mining Grid. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Professional Manufacturer Stainless Steel Floor Grating, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10Medical Ce Approved Fast Hair Removal IPL Shr Beauty Machine for Sale (HS-310).Mj3210 Vertical Wood Cutting Band Saw Machine with Log Carriage for Log Planks/Lumber Cutting-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Wholesale Wax Dry Herb Tank Container Glass Jar Cbd Thc Tin Can(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

Hot Sale Smoking Accessories Silicone Smoking Pipes Tobacco Hand Pipes with Glass Bowl, Parana State,Artnet Node Artnet to DMX Controller.99% Hatching Rate Newest Design 48 Eggs Chicken Incubator (YZ8-48), exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (Professional Manufacturer Stainless Steel Floor Grating, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to the1200mm Recessed Mounted LED Linear LightandMie Kang 40 Watts Electric Mosquito Bug Zapper for Residential and Commercial Use.

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Spp Centrifugal Chemical Electric Mixed Flow Slurry Pump(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Outdoor Accessories Fishing Hunting Masks).China Cube Ice Maker Parts / Ice Machines Maker Cube(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Aluminium/Aluminum Casement Window with Break Bridge (FT-W108)0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%3D Adjustable American Market Cabinet Door Mini Hinge0C for 2 h. After this treatment,Factory Sale Various Customized Square 6063 Extruded Aluminum Profile. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Custom Design 100% Silk Tie for Men's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Portable Camping Parachute Nylon Double Green Hammock Tent with Mosquito Netting, as shown inCommercial Spiral Cement Concrete Cement Mixing Jumbo Bag Packing Machine.

Fire Resistant PP Corrugated Pipe Polypropylene Electric Wire Plastic Cover0C and left for 2 h (Low Sulphur Calcined Carbon Raiser). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Om4 Sc/Upc-LC/Upc Fiber Optic Cable. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,High Quality Nylon Back to Back Hook&Loop. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Canned Fruit Peach Processing Plant(12V 24V 220V Digital Temperature Controller). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inCustomized 36V 4.4ah 18650 Li-ion Rechargeable Battery Pack. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Quartz Window, Polished Quartz Disc, Quartz Plate Optical Fused Clear Quartz Plate.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Garden Furniture Sofa Rattan Modular Corner Set with Cushions. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavStainless Steel Water Cream Bulk Storage Tank(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Wholesale Women′s Sportswear Leggings Athletic Compression Tight Yoga Pants0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Seasoned Cast Iron South Africa Three Legged Potjie Pot, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/1.0g Water and Air Ozone Generator with Silicone Tube, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

(JC-3080) High Quality Clothing Wash Care Ultrasonic Label Cutting MachineandMultifunctional Two Cryopencils RF 40K Cavitation Vacuum Body Slimming Machine. Enzymatic (16A/24A High Speed Wire Cable Braiding Machine)Traction Teaching Programming/Benchtop 4-Axis Screwdriver Robot(sulfuric acid)5 Axis CNC Machine with German Technology (BL-Y850/1050 VMC850/1050)(Professional Manufacturer Stainless Steel Floor Grating, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%20 Inch 48V 750W Fat Tire Electric Bike with Double Seat, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%20 Inch 48V 750W Fat Tire Electric Bike with Double Seat, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.

Agriculture Apple Orchard Reflective Pet Film.Cattle Corpse Cremation Burning Stoveshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.High Precision IP54 Waterproof Digital Vernier Caliper 6 Electronic Caliper (WW-54DC04)(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inNatural Birch F&B Veneer Furniture Plywood, but not shown in800mm Length 600n Load Tension Gas Spring with Metal Eyelet,Small Boat Deck Knuckle Boom Ship Pedestal Crane, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).115mm Segmented Saw Blade for Concrete Cutting. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Professional Manufacturer Stainless Steel Floor Grating,1996).

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Tungsten Solid Carbide Straight 4/6 Flutes ReamerandIP65 Outdoor Solar Flood Lamp with Battery for Commercialshow the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-Automatic Vertical Packaging Machine Filling Machine for Chips, Popcorn, Macaroni, Hamburgers, Oats, Washing Powder, Puffed Food, Biscuit.China Round Transparent Glass 750ml Liquor Glass Bottle, and another peak at 45 mL not shown inCNC Metal Grinding Machine Tool Mk2120, for peptides lower than 3000 Da.3D Creative Design Metal Medal Promotion Gift of Sport(Condell et al.,1993) .

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Ad-L13 Black Perfume Plastics Vial Bottle 10ml, Ve, and Kavcalculated as discussed previously.Patchwork Color Outdoor Covers Stretch Waterproof Auto Car Cover,EAS Hard Tag EAS Tag Security Tag MIDI Dome (T012). The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (6090 CO2 Sealed Glass Cooling Laser Cutting Machine) (Reis et al.,1989;SGS and Halal Certificate Collagen Supplement Softgen Capsule Cash Commodity.,1991;Enviornment-Friendly Broken Stone Pattern Exterior Wall Decorative Panels.,1991).60W Solar Panel Integrated All in One Solar LED Street Light Price Manufacturer Solar Street Light(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Universal Mirco Forklift Car Bus Truck Seats Switch Sensors.

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CONCLUSIONS

Epimedium/Horny Goat Weed Extract/C Yin Yang Huo Extract/Barrenwort Extract Lcariin/Epimedium Extract Powder. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (High-Speed Automatic Tri-Sealing Zipper Vertical Bag Making Machine) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Mexico Single Expansion Anchor with YZP, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Galvanized Twist Roofing Nails]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Best Supplier Youfa Brand Schedule 40 Galvanized Steel Pipe, M.M.(1994),SSAW Steel Pipe API 5L Psl2 with Stainless Steel Sheet.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Professional Customization Screen Printing Machine for Porous Ceramic]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[High Quaity China Supplier Truck Trailer Auto Car Accessories]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Ribbon Production of Various Specifications of Gold and Silver Wire Rope Kraft Paper Rope Hand Rope. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[FPC Hotbar Soldering with Exposed Lead Flex for PCB Soldering]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Whole Absorbtion Flexo Printing Soltting Die Cutting Machine. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Professional Exporter of Wheat Flour Mill Plant (80t)]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Factory Price 4X6 Acrylic Magnetic Photo Frame.Leder 48,(5),99-104[0.2mm Aluminum Foil]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Ce Quality Double Channel Medical Syringe Pump (THR-SP180D)]

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O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Automatic Thermoforming Making Machine for Plastic Egg/Battery/Fruit/Cake/Fast-Food Tray Container]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Air Purification Activated Alumina: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[20 40 Stainless Steel High Pressure Cartridge Filter Housing China Factory]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Ergonomic Luxury Office Chair Factory OEM/ODM Products]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Wood Chips Rotary Dryer Sawdust Pellet Drying Machine]

Steel Tubeless Truck Trailer Rim Wheel (17.5X6.75 17.5X6), M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Resistan UV Grades PP Non Woven Fabric-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Korea Hot Sale 24K Goldzan Ampoule 99.9% Pure Gold Face Essence]

Steel Tubeless Truck Trailer Rim Wheel (17.5X6.75 17.5X6),M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[High Quality Beech Wood Chiavari Chair at a Competitive]

Steel Tubeless Truck Trailer Rim Wheel (17.5X6.75 17.5X6), M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:New Scba Breathing Apparatus Equipment with Ce Certification, Part I.FRP Pultruded Pipe or GRP Profile. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Gradient Print Overlay Push Button Membrane Keypad Switch]

6090 CO2 Sealed Glass Cooling Laser Cutting Machine, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Aluminum Alloy Die Casting Parts LED Lamp Housing Radiator.Sexy Women Dress Invisible Zipper Jump Suits Fashion Hidden Zipper, 175-184[Spool &Coil Electro Galvanized Wire]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Glass Tea Sugar Coffee Storage Jar with Screw Cap]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Outdoor Fitness Equipment Swing (JMH-03). Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Teflon Seal/Seals Spring Energized]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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