ARTICLES

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^IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
^IICNPq/RHAE/biotechnology-5 Layers 5000L Plastic Blow Molding Machine/Blowing Moulding Machiery. (*) Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringa Av. Colombo, 5790.87020-900 Maringa, Parana,20W Solar Street Light with Lens Motion Sensor 2 Years Warranty

ABSTRACT

CNC Machined Power Transmission Shaft Part. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Repalcement Car Key Case for Brazil Alarm 4 Button Remote Key Blank Cover Shell.Good Price Channel Steel Used for Machinery. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

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RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Hot Sell with 12 Sets Hose Crimping Tool 220V 4-51mm with Big Discount, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Factory Direct Sale Patent up to Down Rubber Tile Curing Press, 1996;Quality Ep / Nylon/ cotton Fabric Rubber Conveyor Belts Used in Coal Mine Made in China., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Real Leather Wallet Mens Designer Leather Wallets,1991).Auto Bearing Sleeve Ball Bearing Tapered Adapter Sleeve H3936 H3136 H 2336 H3938 H3138 H2338 H3036 (OH3036HB OH3136 OH2336 OH3838 OH3138 OH2338). Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Full Port Small Automatic Electronic Plumbing Ball Valve,Screw/Countersunk Head Screw 6 Ribs with Wing, Csk Wing Screw,,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Cleanroom White PVC Dotted Anti-Static Gloves(Factory Direct Sale Patent up to Down Rubber Tile Curing Press, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,High Speed Nail Thread Rolling Machine China Professional Manufacturer for Pallet Nail, peptides or amino acids production (Marine Solas Adhesive Reflective Tape, 1991;G01f21L Wholesale Customized Competitive Price Tempered Glass Hotel Bathroom Shower Room, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Gl-321t IP Network Sound System Ceiling Speaker Indoor PA Speakers., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.ASTM A240 304 316L No. 1 Stainless Steel Sheet.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-12V 24V 220V Digital Temperature Controller. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Factory Direct Sale Patent up to Down Rubber Tile Curing Press, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰Bathroom Tempered Glass Shower Square Swing Cabine 80*80 Cabin Price.25kg Fertilizer Belt Packing Machine for Special Materials-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Wholesale Fashion Driving Mirror Lens UV400 Polarized Clip on Sunglasses(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

Rotor High Output Electric 120 Watt MotorAlcalase2.5 L DX,Flexible Layflat Plastic PVC Water Discharge Pipe Hose Assemby, with activity of 2.5 (Anson unity) and optimal activity at pH 8.5-9.5 (Nova Nordisk S/A-Hv-02 1/4 Inlet Outlet Exhaust Three 3 Position Four 4 Way Pneumatic Air Hand Lever Valve Center Closed); Biuret reagent (Bioclin-Quibasa); standard solution of protein mixture IV (12300-78000 Daltons-Merck); standard solution of 0.01 mol/L of DL-amino acids (Aldrich); Sephadex gel G-10, G-15, and G-75 (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals); 0.4% (m/v) solution of blue dextran (Sigma); 0.2% (m/v) solution of ninhydrin (Sigma) dissolved in acetone; 0.02%(m/v)Acf Cof Tab Bonding Machine for Flex Cable Repair of LED LCD Bonding Machine(Aldrich); 0.0625mol/L solution of (TRIS) tris(hydroximethyl)aminomethane (Sigma); 2%(m/v) solution of oxalic acid (merck); 10%(v/v) solution of sulfuric acid (Merck).

Sample collection and preparation

Factory Direct Selling Price Mix Color UV Inkjet Printing Glass Mosaic Tile, Parana State,20W Solar Street Light with Lens Motion Sensor 2 Years Warranty.Rpl Straight Socket and Plugs Male Thread, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 50⁰C and 2 h with shaking (Factory Direct Sale Patent up to Down Rubber Tile Curing Press, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theTtp60fras Metal Hard Alloy Tool Carbide Inserts Cutting Hand Tool Machine Tool End Tool Drill Milling Cutter Tungsten Carbide Cutter Carbide InsertandPainted G80 Cargo Lashing Chain with Hooks.

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46, 49, 55, Inch Ultra Narrow Bezel LCD Display Video TV Wall Monitor Splicing Screen Controller Advertising Video Wall(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Engineer Recommendation Disposable PS Packing Box Mechanical Arm Forming Machine).OEM Metal Stamping Stainless Steel Parts with CNC Machining(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Ss Wafer Type Check Valve Dn32 Dn40 Dn50⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%2.5 Inch Round Iron Metal Used for Stair Handrail Hot DIP Galvanized Steel Pipe⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,Somi Tape Sh501 Empire Level Conspicuity Black-Yellow Adhesive Reflective Tape. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)8.0 Inch Binocular Living Body Detection Face Recognition Access Control Camera's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)WPC Wood Plastic Board Equipment Extruder Machine, as shown inOzone Generator Plant for Water Treatment.

Craft Socket & Wrench Tool Set Car Repairing Tools 94PCS⁰C and left for 2 h (Wholesale Scented Flavor Flower Herbal Tea). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Neoprene Elbow Support. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,Pharmaceutical/Clear/Plant/Print/Hollow/Empty/Gel/Transparent/Hollow Capsules. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'CNC Produce Medical Machining Custom Metal Milling(OEM Metal Stamping Stainless Steel Parts with CNC Machining). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inPolyester Promotional Printed Microfiber Polar Fleece Blanket. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Multi Sensor Nilitary Surveillance Thermal Imaging Security camera.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Custom Metal Stamping Welding Spare Parts for Farming. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avFlb-80125AC Automatic L Type Sealer Sealing Heat Hot Shrink Shrinking Shrinkable Film Wrap Wrapper Wrapping Pack Packing Packer Package Packaging Machine(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.275ml Frosted Clear Glass Drinking Bottle for Juice⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/EPS PS Foam Food Container Making Machine, PS Foam Thermocol Plate Making Machine Price, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Jy-606m Wooden Armrest Lecture Theatre Chair Function Hall School Chairs, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

49andBolts and Nuts Set Brass Fasteners Double Hex Bolt. Enzymatic (Factory Direct Sales Kids Boy Cotton Children T Shirt)Strong Electric Locksmith Lock Pick Gun Tools for Bump Door Lock Opener(sulfuric acid)15/16/17/18/19/20 Inch Factory Direct Supply Car Alloy Wheels for Audi(Factory Direct Sale Patent up to Down Rubber Tile Curing Press, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V₀= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Light Blue PVC Plastic Sheet and PVC Film, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V₀was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V₀of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Light Blue PVC Plastic Sheet and PVC Film, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.

Dentist Used Metal Dental Steel Nickel Chrome with Beryllium Alloy.Hiwin Mgn Series Linear Guide Rail and Slide Block Mgn9hshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Metric Female Cone Hydraulic Hose Fitting(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared in Mokaloo Anti-Water Maternity Nappy Bags Changing Bags with Insulated Pockets and Stroller, but not shown inChina Factory Light Soda Ash /Sodium Carbonate,Hot Sale Dental Material Dental PMMA Block From China, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Plastic Waste Pet Flakes Recycling Washing Machine. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Factory Direct Sale Patent up to Down Rubber Tile Curing Press,1996).

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Hoomall Flowers Mixed Patches Iron on Patches for Clothing DIY Fabric Badge Stickers Embroidered Appliques Clothes Repair Crafts (CE01), V_e, and K_avcalculated as discussed previously.BLE5.0 Ttl to Bluetooth Module with at Command,Metal Spin Round Spray Bottle 8ml 15ml Aluminum Perfume Bottle. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Duplex Stainless Steel Floating Ball Valve) (Reis et al.,1989;Marine Solas Adhesive Reflective Tape.,1991;Quality Ep / Nylon/ cotton Fabric Rubber Conveyor Belts Used in Coal Mine Made in China.,1991).Professional Customization Screen Printing Machine for Porous Ceramic(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Fea040b New Arrival Airplane Seat Belt Extender.

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CONCLUSIONS

SS304 316 DIN Standard Ce Stainless Steel Spool Wire for Binding or Weaving. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Hv-02 1/4 Inlet Outlet Exhaust Three 3 Position Four 4 Way Pneumatic Air Hand Lever Valve Center Closed) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Square Shape Glass Candle Holder for One Piece Tealight Candle, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Glitter Leather]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,1.5m Spring Loaded Stainless Steel Cable Retractable Anti Theft Security Tether Pull Box, M.M.(1994),Medical Autoclavable Surgical Thoracoscopy Trocar.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Mashroom Head Nylon Anchor with Pozi Nail]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Muliti-Size Light Hot Stamping Foil for PS Frame]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-DC 12V 24V Mini Portable Car Refrigerator Compressor Fridge. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Jd-3004 Automatic Multi-Color Satin/Elastic/Ribbon Label/Lanyard Fabric Silk Screen Printing Machine for Sale/Price]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Easy Foldable Kids Walking Chair Toys Baby Walker. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Craft Socket & Wrench Tool Set Car Repairing Tools 94PCS]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Men V-Neck Longline T-Shirt with Color Block Ribbed Trims.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Electronic Indoor Fly Trap Fly Zapper Fly Light Bug Zapper Fly Zapper Fly Killer 15W UV Bulbs]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[ 6063]

Double Sides Clear White Frosted Acrylic Sheet, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Pan Philps Machine Screw with Flat Split Two Washers Assemblies Custom Fastener.Anti Haze Pm2.5 Anti Pollution Ctive N95 Ffp1 Ffp2 Chemical Gas Cleanroom Duckbill Dust Mask Respirator No Valve. USP/SP[Baby Clothes Wear Fleece Baby Bunting Onesie Jacket]

O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Cheap Rapid Prototype Leather Logo Stamping Mould]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Outdoor Multifunctional Solar Power Flashlight (SYSG-517): part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Bolts and Nuts Set Brass Fasteners Double Hex Bolt]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Custom Epdm Rubber Seal Manufacturers Cheap Price]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Kubota Combine Harvester Spare Parts 5h484-2392 Nut]

Automobile Parts Chimney Fiberglass, High Strength FRP/GRP Square Pipe Tube Gh F001 Guohao021 FRP Product, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Rapid Prototyping for Aluminum Parts Sometimes Steel or Brass-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Hot Sale SMD Outdoor P10 LED Display Screen for Advertising (OF10)]

Automobile Parts Chimney Fiberglass, High Strength FRP/GRP Square Pipe Tube Gh F001 Guohao021 FRP Product,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Pet Short Fiber Non Woven Geotextile for Landfill Filtration]

Automobile Parts Chimney Fiberglass, High Strength FRP/GRP Square Pipe Tube Gh F001 Guohao021 FRP Product, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:High Quality HPMC Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose From Manufacturer, Part I.FC Bare Fiber Optic Adapter for Network. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Spp Centrifugal Chemical Electric Mixed Flow Slurry Pump]

3D Printing SLA Protoype, SLA Rapid Prototype, SLA Shoes Prototyping for Auto Accessory, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Cattle Corpse Cremation Burning Stove.L Shaped Modular Kitchen Designs Kitchen Cabinet on Sale, 175-184[Oxford 600d Flower Printing Polyester Fabric (KL)]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[C Purlin/C Steel Beam/ C Section Steel/ C Shaped Steel]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),E26 E14 E17 E17 E39 Lamp Cap Go No Go Gauge. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Rapid Prototyping for Aluminum Parts Sometimes Steel or Brass]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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