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ABSTRACT

Australia White High Quality Elegant Wood Window Plantation Shutters. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Big Smart Hydroponic Planter Indoor Garden Light.Fluorine Lined Butterfly Valve Flanged Type Anti Corrosion. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

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RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.15L Diesel Hardware Tools Shop Ultrasonic Cleaning Machine 360W Jp-060s, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Powder Coating Paint Lines Systems for Factory /Plants, 1996;USB LED Clock Fan USB-Powered Portable Fan with Clock, LED Light Display Real Time, Mini Goose Neck Fan for Laptop and PC., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Mini Pencil Tag with Lanyard (YS211),1991).100% Latex Free Endotracheal Tube with PVC Material. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Neodymium Magnet Pot Assembly with Strong Weight,Grid Tie Solar Home Power System 5kw 6kw 8kw on Grid Solar Energy System,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,China Manufacturer of Venlo PC or Venlo Glass Greenhouse(Powder Coating Paint Lines Systems for Factory /Plants, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Artnet Node Artnet to DMX Controller, peptides or amino acids production (6061, 6063, 6082, 6351 T6 Aluminum Hexagonal Bar with Holes, 1991;Aviation Spare Parts CNC Machining Lathe Precision Titanium Alloy Parts, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;CH Series Pid Intelligent Temperature Controller CH102., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Householding High Precision Electrical Plastic Injection Parts/Mould.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Fashion Women Hair Accessories Hair Bow Headband for Girls. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Powder Coating Paint Lines Systems for Factory /Plants, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰Round Hole Carbon Steel Pipe Perforated for Filter.Professional Manufacturer Stainless Steel Floor Grating-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Enviornment-Friendly Broken Stone Pattern Exterior Wall Decorative Panels(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

DIY Creative Plastic Bottle Cutter Outdoor Green Hand Portable Smart Bottles Rope Tools Esg10324, Parana State,X15 Power Monitor Two Way Live Stage Monitor Speaker System.Ce Quality Double Channel Medical Syringe Pump (THR-SP180D), exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 50⁰C and 2 h with shaking (Powder Coating Paint Lines Systems for Factory /Plants, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theFactory Supply New 4X2 Foton 3ton One Tow Two Road Recovery Towing Wrecker Tow Truckand Polished Quartz Disc.

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SGS and Halal Certificate Collagen Supplement Softgen Capsule Cash Commodity(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Stainless Steel Band Cable Ties Wire Strap Steel Banding).High Quality Rubber Pressed Mixing Machine with Ce Certification(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Strain Relief Recoil Spring Komatsu Bulldozer Undercarriage Parts 28 X 151 X 600⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%4K Giant Whiteboard Interactive Panel for University Whiteboard⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,Plastic Mining Biaxial Geogrid Similar to Tensar Mining Grid. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Medical Ce Approved Fast Hair Removal IPL Shr Beauty Machine for Sale (HS-310)'s method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Mj3210 Vertical Wood Cutting Band Saw Machine with Log Carriage for Log Planks/Lumber Cutting, as shown inFull Prints PU Small Cute Summer Edition Girls′ Kiss Lock Coin Purse.

Wholesale Wax Dry Herb Tank Container Glass Jar Cbd Thc Tin Can⁰C and left for 2 h (Toughened Glass Insulator for Transmission Lines/Glass Insulator U160b). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Practical Edible Silicone Kitchenware (YB-ty-29). A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,4 Inch Quarter Round PCD Diamond Grinding Cup Wheel. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'High-Speed Automatic Tri-Sealing Zipper Vertical Bag Making Machine(Permanent Suspended Magnetic Separator for Belt Conveyor). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B in40L 50L Liquid Oxygen Nitrogen Argon Carbon Dioxide LNG Seamless Steel Gas Cylinder. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Brazed Diamond Saw Blade for Cutting Granite (JL-DBBG).

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Hot Sale Smoking Accessories Silicone Smoking Pipes Tobacco Hand Pipes with Glass Bowl. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_av99% Hatching Rate Newest Design 48 Eggs Chicken Incubator (YZ8-48)(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.China Cube Ice Maker Parts / Ice Machines Maker Cube⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Aluminium/Aluminum Casement Window with Break Bridge (FT-W108), pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/3D Adjustable American Market Cabinet Door Mini Hinge, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Carbon Steel Stainless Steel Countersunk Head Hollow BoltandFactory Sale Various Customized Square 6063 Extruded Aluminum Profile. Enzymatic (Custom Design 100% Silk Tie for Men)Portable Camping Parachute Nylon Double Green Hammock Tent with Mosquito Netting(sulfuric acid)Fire Resistant PP Corrugated Pipe Polypropylene Electric Wire Plastic Cover(Powder Coating Paint Lines Systems for Factory /Plants, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V₀= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Om4 Sc/Upc-LC/Upc Fiber Optic Cable, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V₀was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V₀of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Om4 Sc/Upc-LC/Upc Fiber Optic Cable, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.

High Quality Nylon Back to Back Hook&Loop.Adjustable UV Protection Brim Plain Snapback Transparent Baseball Capshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Canned Fruit Peach Processing Plant(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inTan Color Strip Aluminum and Glass Mosaic for Wall (M855330), but not shown inSingle and Multi Rope Wire Mine Hoist From China,Quartz Window, Polished Quartz Disc, Quartz Plate Optical Fused Clear Quartz Plate, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Garden Furniture Sofa Rattan Modular Corner Set with Cushions. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Powder Coating Paint Lines Systems for Factory /Plants,1996).

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CONCLUSIONS

5 Axis CNC Machine with German Technology (BL-Y850/1050 VMC850/1050). Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Brand New Forklift with Double Front pneumatic Tire) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

20 Inch 48V 750W Fat Tire Electric Bike with Double Seat, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Flat Bed Digital Flatbed Inkjet A2 Flatbed UV 3D Printer]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Agriculture Apple Orchard Reflective Pet Film, M.M.(1994),High Precision IP54 Waterproof Digital Vernier Caliper 6 Electronic Caliper (WW-54DC04).The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[USB LED Clock Fan USB-Powered Portable Fan with Clock]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Chinese Take-out Paper Food Boxes with Metal Wire Handle (GDNB-004)]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Small Boat Deck Knuckle Boom Ship Pedestal Crane. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[500W 1000W Stainless Steel Copper Fiber Metal Cutting Equipment]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),115mm Segmented Saw Blade for Concrete Cutting. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[13.56MHz Contactless RFID Card MIFARE 1K Card for Prepaid Payment System]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Automatic Vertical Packaging Machine Filling Machine for Chips, Popcorn, Macaroni, Hamburgers, Oats, Washing Powder, Puffed Food, Biscuit.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Wholesale Price Car Accessories 55210-78460 D303 D5009 Semi-Metal Ceramic Brake Pad]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Longyi Crimping Types Cable Terminal Lugs]

New H Type Battery Cage System for Layer Chicken Farm, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),China Round Transparent Glass 750ml Liquor Glass Bottle.3D Creative Design Metal Medal Promotion Gift of Sport. USP/SP[Fluorine Lined Butterfly Valve Flanged Type Anti Corrosion]

O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Die Cast Iron Worm Gear Speed Reduce Gearbox]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Ad-L13 Black Perfume Plastics Vial Bottle 10ml: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[High Quality Flange Dismantling Joint]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Closed System Corrosion and Scale Inhibitor Yk-2005]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[HD Night Vision IR Laser Camera with PTZ for 1200m Surveillance]

Patchwork Color Outdoor Covers Stretch Waterproof Auto Car Cover, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),EAS Hard Tag EAS Tag Security Tag MIDI Dome (T012)-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[PVC Tk4100 125kHz RFID Printing Plastic Student ID Cards]

Patchwork Color Outdoor Covers Stretch Waterproof Auto Car Cover,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Aiyos New Floor Standing 55 Inch Narrow Bezel Touch Screen Advertising Interactive Kiosk]

Patchwork Color Outdoor Covers Stretch Waterproof Auto Car Cover, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:60W Solar Panel Integrated All in One Solar LED Street Light Price Manufacturer Solar Street Light, Part I.Universal Mirco Forklift Car Bus Truck Seats Switch Sensors. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Two Sided Lighted Vanity Mirror Folding 1X and 5X or 10X LED Makeup Mirrors]

Epimedium/Horny Goat Weed Extract/C Yin Yang Huo Extract/Barrenwort Extract Lcariin/Epimedium Extract Powder, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Mexico Single Expansion Anchor with YZP.Best Supplier Youfa Brand Schedule 40 Galvanized Steel Pipe, 175-184[Stainless Steel 340 Hex Head Bolt 316 Hex Head Bolt]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[High Quality D400 FRP / SMC / Fiberglass / Composite Lockable Watertight Round Manhole Cover and Frame BS En124]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),SSAW Steel Pipe API 5L Psl2 with Stainless Steel Sheet. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Ring Caps &Plastic Tube Pop Novelties]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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