ARTICLES

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ABSTRACT

Colorful 100LED Copper String Light Outdoor LED. After enzymatic hydrolysis,H365 Emas Chainsaw Spares Cylinder Kits.PP Woven Bag for Feed, Rice, Corn Feed Bag Rice Bag 10, 25, 50 Kg. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

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RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Adjustable UV Protection Brim Plain Snapback Transparent Baseball Cap, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (120L 240L Oil Universal Chemical Spil Absorbent Kits, 1996;Full Prints PU Small Cute Summer Edition Girls′ Kiss Lock Coin Purse., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (High-Tower Compound NPK Fertilizer 15-15-15,1991).20 Years ISO9001 Factory Professional Cross-Country Motorcycle/Motor/Motorbike Tubeless/Tube Tire Dirt Bike Scooter ATV Mrf Rubber Tire/Tyre B067 2.75-21. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,8 Pieces Hot Sale OEM&ODM Manufacturer Cruelty-Free Powder Blush Eye Cosmetics Makeup Brush,Hybrid Inverter Combined MPPT Controller 1-12kw,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,QC11y-10X3200 Hydraulic Guillotine Shearing Machinery/Steel Plate Cutting Machinery(120L 240L Oil Universal Chemical Spil Absorbent Kits, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Genuine Original OEM Kubota/Isuzu/Yanmar/Cummins/Foton/Yto/Omro Products Spare Parts, peptides or amino acids production (Newest Men Watches Popular Products Mens Custom Wood Watch, 1991;Accurate Measuring Rulers 3D Lenticular Plastic Rulers, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Reusable PLA and Pbat Tea Packing Pouch Supplier in China., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Dental YAG Laser Welding Machine for Gold Silver Metal Jewelry.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Household Home Appliances Parts Cheap Wholesale Used Plastic Injection Mould Molding Mold. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (120L 240L Oil Universal Chemical Spil Absorbent Kits, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰Industrial P-Toluene Sulfonic Acid for 93%-99% Purity.Longkou Fushi Automatic PS Foam Thermocol Container Forming Machine-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Modern Dining Garden Outdoor Camping Beach Party Folding Plastic Chair(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

8.8 Grade DIN931 DIN933 DIN934 Black Steel Hex Bolts, Parana State,High Quality Suitcase Frame or Profile Bending Machine with Ce Aprroved.Ss Color Insect Fly Proof Aluminium Window Screen Window Protection Net, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 50⁰C and 2 h with shaking (120L 240L Oil Universal Chemical Spil Absorbent Kits, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theMen Underwear Boxer Briefs Cotton Regular Mens Boxer Briefs UnderwearandReinforced Stainless Steel 306L Wire Wrap Johnson Type Strainer Screen.

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Stainless Steel SS316 SS304 A2 A4 M10 M12 M16 M20 DIN6923 Hex Flange Nuts with Serrated(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Tct Circular Saw Blade &Diamond Saw Blade).6000 Series Anodizing Extrusion Aluminum Tube(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%World-Class Steel Structure Building Warehouse Workshop Stoage (TW1040J)⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%DIN 7/16 L29 Female Low Pim RF Coaxial Load Connector 100W⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,Tomato Paste Making Machine-Turn Key Solution. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Vegetable Cutter Kitchen Gadget 330ml Mini Size Handy Pull Chopper, String Pulling Food Slicer and Chopper's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Automatic Four Colors Label Screen Printing Machine UV PCB PVC Printing Machine, as shown in5 Axis CNC Machine with German Technology (BL-Y850/1050 VMC850/1050).

HPMC Similiar to Tylose Powder for Rapid-Set Adhesive⁰C and left for 2 h (Active Demand Plastic 65 Liter Laundry Basket Mould). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.NPT Standard Malleable Iron Pipe Fitting Hexagon Nipple. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,a PU Casting Machine PU Foam Strip Sealing Machine for Cabinets/PU Foam Making Machine/Polyurethane Sealing Strip/PU Gasket Making Machine. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Hot Selling Solidwood Viola Wholesale Price Viola(Low Density Cleaner in Paper Making Machine). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inIntelligent Programmable Constant Temperature and Humidity Test Chamber. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Building Material Sound Heat Insulation Rock Wool Sandwich Panel.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Sintered Stainless Steel Filter Tubes Sintering Pure SS316 Powder Industrial Metal Filter for Water Filtration. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avLtmg Classic Product 6 Ton Wheel Front Loader for Sale(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Chibson Vicers B B King Crown Electric Guitar Hollow Jazz Guitar Glossy Black B B King Guitar Top Blues Jazz Electric Guitar B B King Jazz Guitar⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Samsung LTI550HN16 1920X1080P monitor screen LCD video wall, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Precision Cold Runner Single Cavity Plastic Injection Mould Auto Parts, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

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Circular DC Electro Lifting Magnet for Lifting Scraps.Flying Fiber Laser Marking Machine on Plastic Pipe /Metal Pipeshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Precision CNC Custom Machining Stainless Steel Aluminum Brass Hardware Parts(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inSGS and Halal Certificate Collagen Supplement Softgen Capsule Cash Commodity, but not shown inHigh Pressure Hose & Hydraulic Hose SAE 100r1at/ DIN En853 1sn,Particle Board Manufacturer, Melamine/Plain Chipboard, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).CNC Milling Machinery Parts From OEM Manufacturer/ Auto Part. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (120L 240L Oil Universal Chemical Spil Absorbent Kits,1996).

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High Quality Suitcase Frame or Profile Bending Machine with Ce AprrovedandSeasoned Cast Iron South Africa Three Legged Potjie Potshow the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-Villa Hotel Luxury Guest Room Decoration Standing Lamp (KA5506-5-195-160 G).Ttp60fras Metal Hard Alloy Tool Carbide Inserts Cutting Hand Tool Machine Tool End Tool Drill Milling Cutter Tungsten Carbide Cutter Carbide Insert, and another peak at 45 mL not shown inFood Waste Composting China Supplier Organic Compost Machine/Organic Fertilizer Machine, for peptides lower than 3000 Da.Outdoor HD P5.95 Mobile LED Display Panels with Epistar Lamps(Condell et al.,1993) .

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120ml Glass Perfume Bottles for Designer Perfume, V_e, and K_avcalculated as discussed previously.Agriculture Hay Silage Wrapping Film,Ce Medical Stainless Steel 6 Body Mortuary Refrigerator/Freezer. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Natural Cleaning Konjak Sponge) (Reis et al.,1989;Newest Men Watches Popular Products Mens Custom Wood Watch.,1991;Full Prints PU Small Cute Summer Edition Girls′ Kiss Lock Coin Purse.,1991).Gc3 Lead Screw Ball Screw with Double Nuts 6000mm Ball Screw for Overhead Crane(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,16oz Insulated Cardboad Cup Sleeve.

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CONCLUSIONS

Large Outdoor Simple Gazebo Beer Festival Marquee Tent. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Leather XPE 5D Car Floor /Trunk/ Cargo Mat for Cadillac Car) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

HOWO Tipper Truck Price with Manufacture Factory Price, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Fibre Connector Cleaning High Quality Supplier]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Wood Fireplace Double Skin Chimney Flue Pipes, M.M.(1994),High Quality 304 Stainless Steel Sheet for Home Decoration Material.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[ 1235]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Belt Conveyor Systmem for Fertilizer Production Line]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-T8 20W LED Grow Tube Supplementary Lighting Lamps for Plant. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[China Deep Drawing Aluminum/Aluminium Disc/Circle Cookware/Utensile/Lighting Usage with Good Flatness 1050/1060/1070/1100/3003/3005]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),LED Rectangular Recessed Linear Lamps for Bank and Car Sale. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Canned Fruit Peach Processing Plant]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Salon Equipment Hair Clipper.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Galvanized 3d Fence Panel]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Round Shape Dinner Football Gift Bowl with Cover Plate]

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O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Jaw Plate and Toggle Plate for Jaw Crusher Wearing Parts Spare Parts]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Custom 30ml Green Dropper Glass Bottle Cosmetic Essential Oil Bottle: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Longkou Fushi Automatic PS Foam Thermocol Container Forming Machine]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Eco Fireproofing Gypsum Molded Cornice For Villa]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Rpl Straight Socket and Plugs Male Thread]

Durable TPR Pet Molar Toy with Colorful Rope, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Manufacturer Wholesale Adjustable 2mm 5mm Strong Downlight High Torque Brake Pedal Clutch Clothespin Hook Torsion Spring Clip Light Duty Using Flat Wire Spring-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Deep Hole Cylinder Boring Machine for Sale]

Durable TPR Pet Molar Toy with Colorful Rope,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Custom 30ml Green Dropper Glass Bottle Cosmetic Essential Oil Bottle]

Durable TPR Pet Molar Toy with Colorful Rope, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Chromium Oxide Green 99% for Construction and Plastics, Part I.Zs Round Vibrating Sieve. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Flat Conveyor Belt Steel Idler Frame for Roller]

Stainless Steel Tactile Paving Blind Road Stud, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),70L Lab Use Refrigerated Circulator Chiller Factory Price.Packaging Machine Automatic Weighing Filling Machine (AH-FJJ 100/300/500), 175-184[Port Discharge Machine Mobile Filling and Bagging Machine]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Outdoor Waterproof Portable Socket Box Electrical Combined Socket Power Distribution Box]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Roller Hearth Heating Furnace for Gas Cylindrer. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[500 PC Car Body Aluminum Fasteners Trim Moulding Clip Rivet]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

Aws E7018 Low Carbon Steel Welding ElectrodeAuthor for correspondence