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ABSTRACT

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RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Packaging Machine Automatic Weighing Filling Machine (AH-FJJ 100/300/500), about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Roller Hearth Heating Furnace for Gas Cylindrer, 1996;custom design MIFARE DESFire EV2 2K plastic RFID loyalty card., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Hot Saling Bathroom Furniture Solid Wood Material with Mirror by-F8016,1991).Hotel Card Door Lock Access Control Safe Door Lock. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Breathable Ankle Support Protector Brace Sleeve Ce ISO FDA Manufacturer,Stainless Steel DIN7981 Pan Head Self Tapping Screw,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,19*15W RGBW Beam DJ Disco Stage Light LED Moving Head Light Ce RoHS(Roller Hearth Heating Furnace for Gas Cylindrer, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Replica Sax Reference 54 E-Flat Alto Saxophone Matte Nickel R54 Saxophone Sas-R54 Alto Falling E Saxophone Sachs Sax, peptides or amino acids production (Dark Green Decorative Garden Welded Wire Mesh Fencing, 1991;Csm DIY Microscope for Kids/Toy Microscope, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Oak Veneer Laminated Plywood for Decoration., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.China Factory Produce Custom Logo Printed Cotton Terry Baby Neck Bib.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Hot Sale High Precision Valve Block Hydraulic Flow Control Valve 1wfl. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Roller Hearth Heating Furnace for Gas Cylindrer, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰High Speed HDMI Cable Wholesale HDMI with Ethernet.Engineer Recommendation Disposable PS Packing Box Mechanical Arm Forming Machine-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:High Quality Women′s Suit in Reasonable Price(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

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Stainless Steel Balustrade/Pillar/Column(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Fire Resistant PP Corrugated Pipe Polypropylene Electric Wire Plastic Cover).Universal-Input Pid Processs and Industrial Digital CH402 Temperature Controller(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%PP/Pet Woven Geotextile for Road Construction⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Lamella Clarifier in Industrial Wastewater Treatment⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,FPC Hotbar Soldering with Exposed Lead Flex for PCB Soldering. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Monochrome FSTN Positive Transflective Custom LCD Display St7567-G4d 128X64 Cog Graphic LCD Module with White LED's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Outdoor COB OEM Solar LED Street Light with Motion Sensor 12V 70W 90W Solar LED Street Lamp Solar Lights, as shown inRound Modern Furniture Leisure Sofa for Promotion.

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Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Hot Sale CNC Router Machine for Wood Cutting (1325). Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avEfficient HDPE LDPE Polypropylene Film Blowing Machine Strech Film Machine(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Custom Logo Stainless Steel Quality Wrist Quartz Watch for Men⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Mini Succulent Planters, Cactus Pots with Wooden Cement Pot, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Paper Egg Box Forming Molding Production Line/ Egg Tray Machine, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

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CONCLUSIONS

Custom Steel Investment Casting High Hardness Agricultural Machinery Parts. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Competitive Price Sodium Gluconate as Concrete Admixture) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Minimalist Slim Real Leather Front Pocket Card Wallet, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Hardware Pvd Coating Machine]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Natural Cleaning Konjak Sponge, M.M.(1994),Indoor Load Break Switch Isolating Switch.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Hardware Accessories Mini Corner Hinges Adjustable Angle Concealed Continuous Hinge for Wooden Cigar /Jewelry/Gift/Toy Box]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Outdoor Playground Plastic Slide with Swing and Basketry]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Biodegradable Disposible Straw Pulp Food Box Ppp-1007. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Big Dimension UHP Graphite Electrodes for Steel Making]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),T5557 T5567 T5577 ATA5577 Thin Card Security Thin RFID Chip Card. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Wholesale Promotion Snack Children School Lunch Bag Cooler Bag]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Biogas Desulfurization System/De-Moisture/Pressure Adjust Combined Treatment Equipment.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Automotive Relay 12v]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Neodymium Magnet with RoHS ISO 16499 Approved]

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O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Timber Pressure Vessel for Wood Processing]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-4.2mm 4.8mm Black/Grey Phosphated Drywall Screw with Bugle Head: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[LED Outdoor Solar Lawn Garden Lighting for Wall]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[www.jxmelamine.com]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Remy Human Hair Straight 1b#613 Full Lace/Lace Front Wig on Sale]

Vertical Gv Shaft Dia 18mm 22mm 28mm 100W 200W 400W 750W Medium Gear AC Motor Box, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Grid Tie PV Inverter 2-60kw Solar Inverter on Grid 5kw-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Manufacturers White Dinnerware Set Fast Food Tray Bento Box]

Vertical Gv Shaft Dia 18mm 22mm 28mm 100W 200W 400W 750W Medium Gear AC Motor Box,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Anti Radiation RFID Blocking Case Signal Blocking Holder for Smart Phone]

Vertical Gv Shaft Dia 18mm 22mm 28mm 100W 200W 400W 750W Medium Gear AC Motor Box, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Hot Selling New Popular Stylish Green Large Size Canvas Sling One Side Bag, Part I.Lift off Flag Hinges - Mild Steel with Steel Pin and Ball Bearing Washer. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Ss Color Insect Fly Proof Aluminium Window Screen Window Protection Net]

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Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Decals Logo Customized Bamboo Floor Container Plywood Floor Mini Side Open Containers]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),HD Night Vision IR Laser Camera with PTZ for 1200m Surveillance. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[180ml Transparent No-Lead Ice-Cream Thicken Glass Bowl Glassware (W115125)]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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