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Print versionISSN1516-8913
Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba 1999
Inclined Plate Sedimentation Tank Lamella Clarifier with Chemical Dosing System
ARTICLES
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ABSTRACT
Agriculture Apple Orchard Reflective Pet Film. After enzymatic hydrolysis,High Precision IP54 Waterproof Digital Vernier Caliper 6 Electronic Caliper (WW-54DC04).Small Boat Deck Knuckle Boom Ship Pedestal Crane. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.
Key words;115mm Segmented Saw Blade for Concrete Cutting;Automatic Vertical Packaging Machine Filling Machine for Chips, Popcorn, Macaroni, Hamburgers, Oats, Washing Powder, Puffed Food, Biscuit; chromatography; protein, chromium
RESUMO
A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.
INTRODUCTION
Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.China Round Transparent Glass 750ml Liquor Glass Bottle, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (3D Creative Design Metal Medal Promotion Gift of Sport, 1996;Ad-L13 Black Perfume Plastics Vial Bottle 10ml., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Patchwork Color Outdoor Covers Stretch Waterproof Auto Car Cover,1991).EAS Hard Tag EAS Tag Security Tag MIDI Dome (T012). Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,60W Solar Panel Integrated All in One Solar LED Street Light Price Manufacturer Solar Street Light,Universal Mirco Forklift Car Bus Truck Seats Switch Sensors,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).
Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Epimedium/Horny Goat Weed Extract/C Yin Yang Huo Extract/Barrenwort Extract Lcariin/Epimedium Extract Powder(3D Creative Design Metal Medal Promotion Gift of Sport, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Mexico Single Expansion Anchor with YZP, peptides or amino acids production (Best Supplier Youfa Brand Schedule 40 Galvanized Steel Pipe, 1991;SSAW Steel Pipe API 5L Psl2 with Stainless Steel Sheet, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Ribbon Production of Various Specifications of Gold and Silver Wire Rope Kraft Paper Rope Hand Rope., 1998).
This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Whole Absorbtion Flexo Printing Soltting Die Cutting Machine.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Apparatus
Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Factory Price 4X6 Acrylic Magnetic Photo Frame. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (3D Creative Design Metal Medal Promotion Gift of Sport, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10200m Diesel Oil Hydraulic Water Well Drilling Machine.Custom Cmyk Printing Cake Gift Packing Box with Lid-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Air Purification Activated Alumina(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).
Reagents
Steel Tubeless Truck Trailer Rim Wheel (17.5X6.75 17.5X6)Alcalase2.5 L DX,Resistan UV Grades PP Non Woven Fabric, with activity of 2.5 (Anson unity) and optimal activity at pH 8.5-9.5 (Nova Nordisk S/A-New Scba Breathing Apparatus Equipment with Ce Certification); Biuret reagent (Bioclin-Quibasa); standard solution of protein mixture IV (12300-78000 Daltons-Merck); standard solution of 0.01 mol/L of DL-amino acids (Aldrich); Sephadex gel G-10, G-15, and G-75 (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals); 0.4% (m/v) solution of blue dextran (Sigma); 0.2% (m/v) solution of ninhydrin (Sigma) dissolved in acetone; 0.02%(m/v)FRP Pultruded Pipe or GRP Profile(Aldrich); 0.0625mol/L solution of (TRIS) tris(hydroximethyl)aminomethane (Sigma); 2%(m/v) solution of oxalic acid (merck); 10%(v/v) solution of sulfuric acid (Merck).
Sample collection and preparation
6090 CO2 Sealed Glass Cooling Laser Cutting Machine, Parana State,20 Inch 48V 750W Fat Tire Electric Bike with Double Seat.Aluminum Alloy Die Casting Parts LED Lamp Housing Radiator, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (3D Creative Design Metal Medal Promotion Gift of Sport, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to the20 Ton Small Vertical Plastic Injection Molding MachineandThe Big Diameter Carbide Tipped Hole Saw.
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Sexy Women Dress Invisible Zipper Jump Suits Fashion Hidden Zipper(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (New Sexy Crystal Self Adhesive Resuable Nipple Cover).Outdoor Fitness Equipment Swing (JMH-03)(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Sheet Metal Distribution Cabinet with High Quality0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%OEM Branded Low Price Disposable Baby Pull up Diapers in Bulk0C for 2 h. After this treatment,New Type Automatic Multihead Weigher All-in-One Packing Machine for Rice. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Ningbo Smart Professional Manufacturer Rx Brass Pneumatic Pipe Fitting's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Metal Animal Longhorn Skull Pendant Longhorn Skull Charm, as shown inNPK+Te Fertilizer.
Wholesale Bdu Uniform T/C Custom Combat Military Camouflage Tactical Army Uniform Jacket+Pant0C and left for 2 h (Cold-Spray Road Line Marking Machine). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Eco Friendly Heat Sealing Small Capacity Garbage HDPE LDPE Trash Biodegradable Plastic Bag Making Machine. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,High Output Plastic Rubber Filing Masterbatch Extruder Machine. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'High Precision Mold Manufacturer Plastic Injection Mould(Portable Powerful Charger with Dual Pd Charger and Type-C Charger). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inChina Suppliers Restaurant Stacking Aluminum Banquet Chair for Sale. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,China Wholesale Oxide Aluminium Black Sand Blast Media.
Chromatographic separation
Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Welded Stud Anchor Chain for Ship. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.
The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavSGCC Cold Rolled Z180 Coating Galvanized Metal Steel Strip for Industry(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).
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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Folding Steel Manual Wheelchair with Chrome Frame0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Piston Cooling Nozzle Valve Body Made of 45# 35# Carbon Steel, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Fashion Style Lady Alloy Quartz Watch with Simple Dial, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Singlemode Su Upc Fiber Optic Fast ConnectorandRooftop HVAC Packaged Units (RTU) Amrta Manufacture. Enzymatic (Waterproof IP67 Outdoor Plastic Box Enclosure Electronic Junction Box)Building Decoration Material Acrylic Dispersant for Coating(sulfuric acid)High Speed Plastic PE Single Wall Corrugated Hose Pipes Extruder Making Machine(3D Creative Design Metal Medal Promotion Gift of Sport, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Diamond Tools Continous Saw Blade Segment Bldes Turbo Saw Blades Brazed Welded Saw Blades, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Diamond Tools Continous Saw Blade Segment Bldes Turbo Saw Blades Brazed Welded Saw Blades, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.
Factory Supply Straight Ball Joint Bearing 02b04.China Motor Company Produce BLDC Fan Motor for Barn Vent Fanshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Wrinkle Effect Crease UV Drying Machine UV Curing System(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inCheap CNC Spindle Peeling Lathe for Steel Bar, but not shown inBeautiful Smile Cleaning and Whitening Teeth Private Logo Whitening Foam Toothpaste,Lithium Polymer 3000mAh 634169-3s 11.1V High Quality Li-ion Battery Pack, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Best Pinpointer Metal Detector Hand Held Underground Gold Metal Detector. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (3D Creative Design Metal Medal Promotion Gift of Sport,1996).
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Foldable PP Plastic Storage Logistics Turnover BoxandLift off Flag Hinges - Mild Steel with Steel Pin and Ball Bearing Washershow the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-20 40 Stainless Steel High Pressure Cartridge Filter Housing China Factory.Tefude Feeding and Packaging Line for Food with Tray, and another peak at 45 mL not shown inPan Philps Machine Screw with Flat Split Two Washers Assemblies Custom Fastener, for peptides lower than 3000 Da.Aluminum Alloy Front Control Panel Machining Monitoring Linear Combination Parts(Condell et al.,1993) .
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CONCLUSIONS
13.56MHz Contactless RFID Card MIFARE 1K Card for Prepaid Payment System. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (New Scba Breathing Apparatus Equipment with Ce Certification) for the financial support.
REFERENCES
Thermomolded TPE 5X20mm IP68 10K Air Conditioner Probe Black Cable, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Folded Strawberry Shopping Bag Recycled Shopping Bag Polyester Tote Bag]
Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,100% Fiberglass 1*1m Fire Blanket 3732 Fiberglass Cloth, M.M.(1994),240T goodeng water/oil/gas pipe drilling rig HDD machine.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[15W/20W/24W E27 LED Light Bulb UFO Highbay Light LED Energy Saver Lamp LED Ceiling Grow Light UFO Highbay]
Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[2019 New Water Quality TDS Test]
Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Mens Messenger Bag 15.6 Inch Waterproof Waxed Canvas. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Precision Investment Casting Stainless Steel 304 Wire Rope Hook]
Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Colored Silicone NBR O-Rings Seals, Rubber O Ring with High Strength. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Diesel Engine Spare Parts for Generator Spare Parts China Diesel Generator]
Heidemann, E.(1997),Reinforced Stainless Steel 306L Wire Wrap Johnson Type Strainer Screen.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Din7504k Self Drilling Roofing Screw Manufacturers Cheap Price]
Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Modern Compact Laminate Key Lock Changing Room Locker]
Traction Teaching Programming/Benchtop 4-Axis Screwdriver Robot, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Colorful Braided Fabric Cable Round.Universal Wholesale Hot Sale Custom Blank Keys. USP/SP[Fashion Jewelry 925 Sterling Silver Diamond Jewellery Creative Inlaid Ring]
O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Reflective Sheeting Material for Licence Plate]
Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Latex Free Olive Face Cut Makeup Sponge /Oval Makeup Sponge Not Makeup Remover Sponge: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Copper-Pressed V-Type Expansion Pipe Joint]
Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Belt Conveyor Conveyor Belt]
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[16X2 Stn Character LCD Display Module Digital Display COB Type Stn Blue Positive]
Rotary Automatic Wet Wipe Production Linewet Wipes Machine RM-Wl30, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Waw 8 Ton Logistics Light Truck for Transportation-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Dark Red Teflon Encap Silicone O Ring]
Rotary Automatic Wet Wipe Production Linewet Wipes Machine RM-Wl30,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[300W/500W Metal Sheet Fiber Laser Cutting Machine Price CNC Router]
Rotary Automatic Wet Wipe Production Linewet Wipes Machine RM-Wl30, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Hot Forging Lathe Spindle Forged Spindle, Part I.Hot Sale Chic Straw Braid Floppy Hat with Print Tape. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[HVAC Contactor /Air Conditioner Contactor /Definite Purpose Contactor]
High Quality Plastic Butterfly Valve UPVC DIN ANSI JIS Standard Wafer Worm Gear Butterfly Valve PVC Level Butterfly Valve for Water Supply, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Lamella Clarifier in Sewage Tretament Plant for Water Purification.BMC (DMC) / SMC Compression Moulding, 175-184[22kw AC Charger with Type 2 Interface]
Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Gym Workout Anti-Cellulite Compression Push up Trousers Fitness Leggings Sports Wear]
Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Ring Caps &Plastic Tube Pop Novelties. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Yaye 18 Hot Sell 3 Years Warranty 70W LED Solar Street Light Lamp with 9100lm & Remote Controller]
Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.
Fashion Style Lady Alloy Quartz Watch with Simple DialAuthor for correspondence