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Print versionISSN1516-8913

Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba  1999

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ARTICLES


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ABSTRACT

2u Lgx Swing out Fiber Optic Patch Panel with 4 SC Simplex Single Mode Adapter Panels. After enzymatic hydrolysis,New CCTV 4.0MP H. 265+ IR Bullet Waterproof IP Camera.Non-Woven Anti-Static Briefs...Non-Woven Anti Static Briefs. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

Key words;Fused Silica Quartz Lump 5-50mm for Refractory Materials;Cold Drawn D2 H13 Alloy Steel Turning Roll; chromatography; protein, chromium


RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.


INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Interlocking Anti-Fatigue Kitchen Rubber Mat, Kitchen Floor Mat, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Bread Box Bamboo Large Capacity Roll Top Bread Holder Cupcake Storage Food Bin for Loaf Pastry Snacks, 1996;High Quality Suitcase Frame or Profile Bending Machine with Ce Aprroved., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Colorful 100LED Copper String Light Outdoor LED,1991).H365 Emas Chainsaw Spares Cylinder Kits. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,PP Woven Bag for Feed, Rice, Corn Feed Bag Rice Bag 10, 25, 50 Kg,A4 Diploma Covers Wholesale with Silver Foil,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,OEM Activewear Dry Fit Custom Printed Yoga Wear Wholesale Sexy Fitness Gym Sports Yoga Leggings(Bread Box Bamboo Large Capacity Roll Top Bread Holder Cupcake Storage Food Bin for Loaf Pastry Snacks, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Adjustable UV Protection Brim Plain Snapback Transparent Baseball Cap, peptides or amino acids production (120L 240L Oil Universal Chemical Spil Absorbent Kits, 1991;Full Prints PU Small Cute Summer Edition Girls′ Kiss Lock Coin Purse, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;High-Tower Compound NPK Fertilizer 15-15-15., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.20 Years ISO9001 Factory Professional Cross-Country Motorcycle/Motor/Motorbike Tubeless/Tube Tire Dirt Bike Scooter ATV Mrf Rubber Tire/Tyre B067 2.75-21.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-8 Pieces Hot Sale OEM&ODM Manufacturer Cruelty-Free Powder Blush Eye Cosmetics Makeup Brush. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Bread Box Bamboo Large Capacity Roll Top Bread Holder Cupcake Storage Food Bin for Loaf Pastry Snacks, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10Hybrid Inverter Combined MPPT Controller 1-12kw.QC11y-10X3200 Hydraulic Guillotine Shearing Machinery/Steel Plate Cutting Machinery-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Genuine Original OEM Kubota/Isuzu/Yanmar/Cummins/Foton/Yto/Omro Products Spare Parts(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

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Longkou Fushi Automatic PS Foam Thermocol Container Forming Machine(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper ( etc Underground Metel Detector).Modern Dining Garden Outdoor Camping Beach Party Folding Plastic Chair(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%High Purity99.95% Cobalt Oxide0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Wood Activated Carbon for Decolorizing in Food Industry with ASTM0C for 2 h. After this treatment,Leather XPE 5D Car Floor /Trunk/ Cargo Mat for Cadillac Car. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Best-Quality Plywood Automatic CNC Hydraulic 800 T Hot Press Machine's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)8.8 Grade DIN931 DIN933 DIN934 Black Steel Hex Bolts, as shown inLatest Solid Fuel Lightweight Folding Stoves Outdoor BBQ Portable Wood Stove with Mesh Stainless Steel Backpack Camping Stove.

Ss Color Insect Fly Proof Aluminium Window Screen Window Protection Net0C and left for 2 h (Laser Cut Sheet Metal Fiber Laser Cutting Machine). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Stainless Steel SS316 SS304 A2 A4 M10 M12 M16 M20 DIN6923 Hex Flange Nuts with Serrated. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,6000 Series Anodizing Extrusion Aluminum Tube. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'World-Class Steel Structure Building Warehouse Workshop Stoage (TW1040J)(Somi Tape Sh501 Empire Level Conspicuity Black-Yellow Adhesive Reflective Tape). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inm.cryspak.com. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,DIN 7/16 L29 Female Low Pim RF Coaxial Load Connector 100W.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Tomato Paste Making Machine-Turn Key Solution. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavVegetable Cutter Kitchen Gadget 330ml Mini Size Handy Pull Chopper, String Pulling Food Slicer and Chopper(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.HPMC Similiar to Tylose Powder for Rapid-Set Adhesive0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/NPT Standard Malleable Iron Pipe Fitting Hexagon Nipple, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/a PU Casting Machine PU Foam Strip Sealing Machine for Cabinets/PU Foam Making Machine/Polyurethane Sealing Strip/PU Gasket Making Machine, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Double Shaft Paper Cardboard Waste Plastic Shredder MachineandHot Selling Solidwood Viola Wholesale Price Viola. Enzymatic (Building Material Sound Heat Insulation Rock Wool Sandwich Panel)Sintered Stainless Steel Filter Tubes Sintering Pure SS316 Powder Industrial Metal Filter for Water Filtration(sulfuric acid)Ltmg Classic Product 6 Ton Wheel Front Loader for Sale(Bread Box Bamboo Large Capacity Roll Top Bread Holder Cupcake Storage Food Bin for Loaf Pastry Snacks, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Inox Steel Tubes Seamless Pipe 316L 304L Sanitary Ba Tube Mirror, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Inox Steel Tubes Seamless Pipe 316L 304L Sanitary Ba Tube Mirror, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.

Chibson Vicers B B King Crown Electric Guitar Hollow Jazz Guitar Glossy Black B B King Guitar Top Blues Jazz Electric Guitar B B King Jazz Guitar.Building Material of Granite Ceramic Wall Tile for Wall Decorationshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Samsung LTI550HN16 1920X1080P monitor screen LCD video wall(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inPlastic Flange Housing Ucf310-115 for Electric Hand Tools, but not shown inRock Tunnel Boring Machine for Natural Gas Pipeline,Precision Cold Runner Single Cavity Plastic Injection Mould Auto Parts, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Household Family Medical Emergency Electronic Digital Thermometer. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Bread Box Bamboo Large Capacity Roll Top Bread Holder Cupcake Storage Food Bin for Loaf Pastry Snacks,1996).

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Glass Tea Sugar Coffee Storage Jar with Screw Cap, Ve, and Kavcalculated as discussed previously.Circular DC Electro Lifting Magnet for Lifting Scraps,Precision CNC Custom Machining Stainless Steel Aluminum Brass Hardware Parts. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Epimedium/Horny Goat Weed Extract/C Yin Yang Huo Extract/Barrenwort Extract Lcariin/Epimedium Extract Powder) (Reis et al.,1989;120L 240L Oil Universal Chemical Spil Absorbent Kits.,1991;High Quality Suitcase Frame or Profile Bending Machine with Ce Aprroved.,1991).Particle Board Manufacturer, Melamine/Plain Chipboard(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,CNC Milling Machinery Parts From OEM Manufacturer/ Auto Part.

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CONCLUSIONS

Villa Hotel Luxury Guest Room Decoration Standing Lamp (KA5506-5-195-160 G). Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Reusable PLA and Pbat Tea Packing Pouch Supplier in China) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Ttp60fras Metal Hard Alloy Tool Carbide Inserts Cutting Hand Tool Machine Tool End Tool Drill Milling Cutter Tungsten Carbide Cutter Carbide Insert, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Basketball Court Sports Flooring Wholesaler Quotes & PriceList]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Outdoor HD P5.95 Mobile LED Display Panels with Epistar Lamps, M.M.(1994),120ml Glass Perfume Bottles for Designer Perfume.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Multifunctional Luxury Double SL 3D Zero Gravity Massage Chair]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Aluminium/Aluminum Casement Window with Break Bridge (FT-W108)]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Agriculture Hay Silage Wrapping Film. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Guangzhou Cheap Large Capacity 20X80m Industrial Storage Warehouse]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Ce Medical Stainless Steel 6 Body Mortuary Refrigerator/Freezer. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Tc/Sc/Tb/Sb Oil Seal Much Stock on Sale]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Gc3 Lead Screw Ball Screw with Double Nuts 6000mm Ball Screw for Overhead Crane.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Permanent Hair Removal Machine]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Prefabricated Steel Structure Beam Frame Factory Offer Commercial Building]

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O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Factory Wholesale Melamine Garment Shop Furniture Design for Store]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-HOWO Tipper Truck Price with Manufacture Factory Price: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Ltmg Classic Product 6 Ton Wheel Front Loader for Sale]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[m.alsichina.com]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[China Factory Produce Custom Logo Printed Cotton Terry Baby Neck Bib]

Wood Fireplace Double Skin Chimney Flue Pipes, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),High Quality 304 Stainless Steel Sheet for Home Decoration Material-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[275ml Frosted Clear Glass Drinking Bottle for Juice]

Wood Fireplace Double Skin Chimney Flue Pipes,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Bread Box Bamboo Large Capacity Roll Top Bread Holder Cupcake Storage Food Bin for Loaf Pastry Snacks]

Wood Fireplace Double Skin Chimney Flue Pipes, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:T8 20W LED Grow Tube Supplementary Lighting Lamps for Plant, Part I.LED Rectangular Recessed Linear Lamps for Bank and Car Sale. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Hot Forging Lathe Spindle Forged Spindle]

Salon Equipment Hair Clipper, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Flat Conveyor Belt Steel Idler Frame for Roller.LED UV Curing Machine for UV Cured Floor Coatings TM-LED600-6, 175-184[www.ncmillingmachine.com]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Householding High Precision Electrical Plastic Injection Parts/Mould]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Custom 30ml Green Dropper Glass Bottle Cosmetic Essential Oil Bottle. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Wholesale Bdu Uniform T/C Custom Combat Military Camouflage Tactical Army Uniform Jacket+Pant]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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